MGT 301 Exam 3 Practice Questions

The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as _____.

emotional intelligence

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job:

design

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______.

development

Jenna loves her job. She is known as the "cheerleader" of the department because she is enthusiastic about every project and highly focused. Jenna displays employee _____.

engagement

True or false: Money is the best motivator.

false

Self-compassion is best described as ______.

gentleness with yourself

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______.

give rewards as soon as possible

According to his union contract, James is supposed to work no more than eight hours of overtime each week. For the past four weeks, he has had to work 12 hours of overtime. He has decided to file a complaint that his agreement has been violated. This complaint is known as a _____.

grievance

Kevin continuously helps his employees improve their work through the reviewing their performance and providing consequences. These are two steps of _____ management.

performance

A _____ consists of assessing an employee's performance and providing him or her with appropriate feedback.

performance appraisal

The stable behavioral and psychological characteristics responsible for a person's identity are known as _____.

personality

Select all that apply Which are principal perspectives on motivation? Process Content Competition Reinforcement Job design

Process Content Reinforcement Job design

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?

Process perspectives

Select all that apply Which of the following are increased by employee openness to change? Relationship disruption Continuous learning Workplace annoyances Job satisfaction

Continuous learning Job satisfaction

Select all that apply Behavior is defined as the combination of which two elements? Reputation Intelligence Actions Judgments

Actions Judgments

______ is the basic wage or salary paid to employees in exchange for doing their jobs.

Base pay

According to the 2019 Jobvite survey of 1,500 Americans, which is the most important motivating criteria to job seekers?

Career growth opportunities

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

Select all that apply What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? Core job characteristics Work outcomes Psychological states Instrumentality

Core job characteristics Work outcomes Psychological states

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization?

Demographic characteristics

Place the steps in the OD process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the final step listed at the bottom. Intervention Feedback Evaluation Diagnosis

Diagnosis Intervention Evaluation Feedback

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers. Diagnosis Intervention Evaluation Feedback What is the problem? How can the diagnosis and intervention be further refined? How well has the intervention worked? What should we do to fix it?

Diagnosis What is the problem? Intervention What should we do to fix it? Evaluation How well has the intervention worked? Feedback How can the diagnosis and intervention be further refined?

Being placed on suspension or temporary leave as a consequence of poor performance is an example of which human resource management action?

Discipline

_____ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike - the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.

Diversity

Anton's company has undergone a massive reorganization, and hundreds of jobs have been permanently eliminated, along with Anton's job. Which of the following BEST describes Anton's dismissal?

Downsizing

Select all that apply What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? Effort to performance Equity to justice Hygiene factors to motivating factors Performance to outcomes

Effort to performance Performance to outcomes

Select all that apply What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change? Employee characteristics Market characteristics Change agent characteristics Competitor characteristics

Employee characteristics Change agent characteristics

Select all that apply The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? Employees are underutilized. Employees will eventually adapt to their positions. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees can only handle a limited number of tasks.

Employees are underutilized. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas? Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance. Employees are incapable of resolving feelings of injustice. Employees accept that they will be treated unfairly in the workplace.

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

The agency whose job it is to enforce anti-discrimination and other employment laws is called the _____.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Select all that apply Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? Hierarchy of needs theory Equity theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory

Equity theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory

Select all that apply Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Esteem Safety Physiological Autonomy Love

Esteem Safety Physiological Love

Jared is from the United States, but is working in Mexico. He believes that his culture, language, and behavior are superior to those of his Mexican employees. This illustrates which one of the following concepts?

Ethnocentrism

In which step of the learning and development process does the employer analyze whether employees' gaps in knowledge have been successfully filled?

Evaluation

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?

Expectancy

Salaried executives, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from over time rules as outlined in the _____.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Select all that apply Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? Fairness Motivation Dissonance Justice

Fairness Justice

What is the modern way of designing jobs?

Fitting jobs to people

Select all that apply Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? Give rewards as soon as possible. Combine punishment and positive reinforcement. Administer punishment in private. Be clear about what behavior is desired.

Give rewards as soon as possible. Be clear about what behavior is desired.

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?

Goal-setting theory

Match the type of stressor with its description. Hassles Crises Strong stressors Distress Eustress Simple irritants, such as misplacing things or being overworked Situations that can dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt, such as frequent migraine headaches Negative stress that can cause anxiety and illness Positive stress that can stimulate better coping and adaptation Sudden occasions of terror, such as a tornado or fire

Hassles Simple irritants, such as misplacing things or being overworked Crises Sudden occasions of terror, such as a tornado or fire Strong stressors Situations that can dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt, such as frequent migraine headaches Distress Negative stress that can cause anxiety and illness Eustress Positive stress that can stimulate better coping and adaptation

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?

Herzberg's two-factor theory

What approach to strategic HRM deploys bundles of internally consistent HR practices to improve employee ability, motivation, and opportunities across the entire organization?

High-performance work system (HPWS)

What is the first step in developing career readiness?

Identify your most important long-term goal.

Select all that apply Which of the following are among the seven components of fostering innovation? Instituting the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures Getting commitment from top managers Establishing the required structure and processes Creating an innovation strategy Creating a climate of employee complacency Establishing a firm hierarchy, with mechanisms of control at all levels

Instituting the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures Getting commitment from top managers Establishing the required structure and processes Creating an innovation strategy

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about self-affirmation are true? It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. It is a commitment that you make to yourself. It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts. It is a way of dismissing the beliefs of others.

It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts.

How does self-motivation fit into the career readiness model?

It is an attitude.

Select all that apply Which statements about openness to change are true? It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee. It is critical for the success of organizational change. It is an example of an important career readiness competency. It is a characteristic possessed by managers, but not by employees.

It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee. It is critical for the success of organizational change. It is an example of an important career readiness competency.

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes? Expectancy theory Pay for knowledge Reinforcement theory Job characteristics model

Job characteristics model

Select all that apply What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? Job enlargement Job equalization Job elimination Job enrichment

Job enlargement Job enrichment

What is the best method to avoid becoming defensive when receiving feedback?

Let the speaker finish and ask questions afterward.

Select all that apply Which are elements of self-motivation in the career readiness model? Maintaining focus on organizational goals Working consistently on personal development Establishing good work habits Needing regular instruction and praise

Maintaining focus on organizational goals Working consistently on personal development Establishing good work habits

Which of the following is a purpose of organizational development? Designing products Managing conflict Investigating the competition Providing training

Managing conflict

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Select all that apply What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives? Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Vroom's expectancy theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.

McClelland's acquired needs theory

Which statement is accurate regarding predicted trends in the United States during the next few decades? There will be less immigration from Asia. The number of two-parent households will increase. More women will continue to be hired for top leadership jobs. The number of middle-class households will increase.

More women will continue to be hired for top leadership jobs.

Select all that apply Which statements about motivation are true? Because motivation comes from within, it cannot be understood. Motivation is easy to see in another person. Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

How does McClelland view needs?

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

Which legislative act was passed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees?

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

What process is designed to help new employees become familiar with their jobs and organizations?

Onboarding

Select all that apply What are the parts of a systems model of change? Regulation Outputs Inputs Target elements of change Directives

Outputs Inputs Target elements of change

Match the type of reinforcement with its description. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Extinction Punishment Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive

Positive reinforcement Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior Negative reinforcement Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative Extinction Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced Punishment Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive

Select all that apply What are three things that can help you achieve more self-compassion? Embrace a narrow self-view. Practice self-kindness. Avoid group relationships. Engage in mindfulness meditation. Remember you are not alone.

Practice self-kindness. Engage in mindfulness meditation. Remember you are not alone.

The fact that research shows that 25% of workers are burned out, and 44% more are burned out occasionally suggests that workers are neglecting what?

Recharging each day

Select all that apply What are appropriate ways to to self-manage? Recognizing words, sayings, and situations that trigger your emotions Pausing and taking deep breaths Venting to a work colleague, such as your direct superior Recognizing your physiological responses to triggers

Recognizing words, sayings, and situations that trigger your emotions Pausing and taking deep breaths Recognizing your physiological responses to triggers

Select all that apply What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Design jobs to be less repetitive Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity

Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity

Select all that apply What are the stages of the Lewin model for change? Refreezing Shattering Changing Unfreezing

Refreezing Changing Unfreezing

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

Reinforcement theory

Which of the following is an example of an adaptive change in an organization? Introducing an innovative change suggested by the organization's top management Introducing a technique that is new to the organization's industry Introducing a method that is new to the organization Reintroducing a practice familiar to the organization

Reintroducing a practice familiar to the organization

Select all that apply What is the human brain wired to do after receiving negative feedback? Reject the feedback Focus on positive aspects of the message Explain the feedback away Generate ideas for improving performance

Reject the feedback Explain the feedback away

Select all that apply What are the three tips for recharging yourself as part of your self-motivation approach? Relax mentally and physically Figure out how you can best recharge Accept kindness Make a daily list of accomplishments

Relax mentally and physically Figure out how you can best recharge Accept kindness

Select all that apply What characteristics should your long-term goal have? Results-oriented Attainable Measurable Vague

Results-oriented Attainable Measurable

Place the steps in the perceptual process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom. Storing in memory Selective attention Interpretation and evaluation Retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions

Selective attention Interpretation and evaluation Storing in memory Retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions

Liam knew that everyone else thought he was lazy and incompetent, so rather than tell his work team about an idea, he just let them do all of the work. As a result, his coworkers continued to feel he was lazy and incompetent. What does Liam's behavior demonstrate?

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Select all that apply What are examples of a positive approach? Complaining about your job to your colleagues Sharing with your boss a new idea that you developed Refusing to apply the suggestions for improvement your boss gave you during a performance review Listening to your boss give you feedback on your work

Sharing with your boss a new idea that you developed Listening to your boss give you feedback on your work

Select all that apply Which of the following are NOT legal as the basis for hiring and promotion decisions? Job-related experience Education Skin color Religion Gender

Skin color Religion Gender

Select all that apply Which terms describe good performance expectations? Specific Achievable Ambitious Vague

Specific Achievable

Select all that apply What are the characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory? Specific Achievable Complex Challenging

Specific Achievable Challenging

Select all that apply What are three types of learning opportunities? Incentive compensation Studying co-workers Learning and development Tuition reimbursement

Studying co-workers Learning and development Tuition reimbursement

Which statement about organizational development is true? Multiple choice question. Successful organizational development usually involves multiple interventions. Single interventions are generally more effective than multiple interventions. It best to master one intervention and use it in all situations. Training is the most successful type of organizational development intervention.

Successful organizational development usually involves multiple interventions.

What is organizational commitment?

The extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

Select all that apply What are reasons that the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal is falling out of favor? It requires significantly more time and effort than other forms of performance appraisal. The system gets rid of talented as well as untalented people. It creates legal risk due to the perception of bias. It results in reduced employee performance.

The system gets rid of talented as well as untalented people. It creates legal risk due to the perception of bias. It results in reduced employee performance.

Select all that apply What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans? They link rewards to performance. They involve generally unattainable stretch goals. They are agreed on by both employees and managers. They are designed to meet company, not employee, needs.

They link rewards to performance. They are agreed on by both employees and managers.

Why is it important to manage employees as individuals who have different personalities and circumstances?

To influence the way employees behave

True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.

True

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?

Two-factor theory

Laura talks fast, walks fast, eats fast, and is in a constant rush to accomplish everything she thinks she needs to do. Which of the following BEST describes Laura's behavior? Organizational citizenship behavior Self-serving bias Proactive personality Type A behavior pattern

Type A behavior pattern

When Max was hired to work in the warehouse of the automobile manufacturing facility, he was told that while he didn't have to join the union immediately, he would have to join within the first eight weeks of his employment. Which type of workplace labor agreement does this exemplify?

Union shop

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires organizations to provide a reasonable _____ for individuals with disabilities in the workplace.

accommodation

When a firm's approach to human resources is designed to drive the company's overall performance, employees are being used to ______.

achieve the firm's strategic objectives

A learned predisposition toward a given object is a(n)

attitude

The first step in the unionization process is to have workers sign _______ which designate a certain union as the workers' bargaining agent.

authorization cards

Performance appraisals that are based on facts and are often numerical are referred to as _______ appraisals.

objective

Insurance, retirement plans, health club memberships, and education reimbursement are just a few examples of compensation in the form of _____.

benefits

Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called _____.

buffers

When an individual reaches a state of emotional, mental, or even physical exhaustion, it is called _____.

burnout

The process of negotiation between labor unions and management to resolve disputes concerning benefits, compensation, working conditions, and job security is known as ______.

collective bargaining

The three elements of _____________ include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefits.

compensation

Self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability are traits that make up an individual's ______.

core self-evaluation

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______.

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______.

how they were taught to handle change as children

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______.

human capital

When an organization evaluates people based on the economic or productive potential of their knowledge, experience, and actions, the organization is viewing them as ______.

human capital

Scott is a manager at a large electronics company. His primary role within the organization is to plan for the "people needs" of the business, and then attract, develop and retain an effective workforce. Scott is involved in ______ management.

human resource (HR)

Organizations use ______ such as commissions, profit-sharing, bonuses, and stock options to attract and retain top performers.

incentives

The process of creating a new solution to an existing problem is valuable enough that consumers are willing to pay is referred to as:

innovation

A set of interdependent processes, practices, and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______.

innovation system

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______.

job design

Hourly workers at Brite Electroplating have joined an organization to protect their interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues. This organization is a(n) _____.

labor union

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.

management

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______.

measurable

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.

modification

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.

motivation

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.

needs

Innovations must be ______.

novel

Organizational behavior is a field of study that explains and ______ behavior.

predicts

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or creating a new one, is called ______ innovation.

product

The process of changing the appearance or performance of a product or service is known as ______ innovation.

product

Last week Jordan's boss told him he was moving him from sales team manager to the director of sales. This career move represents a _____.

promotion

The action by which workers vote on whether to accept or reject the terms of the contract negotiated by the union after collective bargaining is called _______________.

ratification

Carson always feels like he is "putting out fires" at work and does not get an opportunity to figure out where problems might arise before they occur. Carson is dealing with ______ change.

reactive

As the human resource manager for her firm, Candace is responsible for identifying and attracting qualified applicants for available positions within the organization. This role is known as _____.

recruiting

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______.

reinforcement

If research shows that a particular test measures the same thing consistently, the test has high:

reliability.

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______.

resistance to change

The extent to which you feel positive or negative about various aspects of your work is called job ______.

satisfaction

Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______.

self-affirmations

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.

self-determination

An employee transfer within an organization is thought of as moving ______, because the employee is moving to a position of similar responsibility.

sideways

Karen was surprised when her friend said that the man at the first table in the restaurant must be a great basketball player just because he was tall and African American. Karen's friend was making a: __________________.

stereotype

Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a(n) _____.

stressor

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business.

supertrends

The personality dimensions of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are referred to as _____.

the Big Five personality dimensions

Jessica believes she should be concerned for the welfare of others. This belief is an example of a ______.

value