MGT 305 Exam 2 Review

E-recruitment tools such as ____________ are effective methods for online recruiting.

"dot-jobs" websites.

examples of delphi technique

- a group of specialists submit anonymous reports about a subject. -the expert opinion is compiled and consensus is reached.

Indicate the assumptions prevalent in the rational decision-making model.

- choice of best decision for the org. -complete information, no uncertainty -logical, unemotional analysis.

3 of the 7 implementation principles of evidence-based decision making

- if all else fails, slow the spread of bad practice -like everything else, you still have to sell it -treat your org. as an unfinished prototype.

what questions would you use to evaluate alternatives in the third stage of the rational model decision making?

- is it ultimately effective? -is it ethical? -is it feasible?

In the study at Babson College's working Knowledge research center, researchers identified three key attributes among committed to quantitative, fact-based analysis. what are those three attributes?

- use of modeling -having multiple applications -support from top executives.

Three steps that managers should take to avoid being sued for wrongful termination:

1) Be aware of how devastating a dismissal can be, both to the individual and to those remaining. 2) give the employee a chance first. 3) do not delay the dismissal, and make sure it is completely defensible.

stages of rational decision making:

1) identify the problem or opportunity 2) develop alternative solutions to the problem or opportunity 3) evaluate the alternatives and select a solution 4) implement and evaluate the chosen solution

Two important options in combating groupthink

-allowing criticism -allowing other perspectives

two ways that knowledge of decision-making styles affects managers' work

-managers gain an understanding of differences that improves the ability to manage conflicts -managers can better identify personal strengths and weaknesses

in system _________________ of Kahneman's decision-making model, reasoned choices are determined.

2

A _________________ feedback appraisal is one in which employees are appraised not only by their managerial superiors but also peers, subordinates, and sometimes clients.

360-degree

A union election was held by the NLRB at Jaxon Industries, and 130 workers cast votes in the election. How many votes in favor of the union must be a cast for the union to be certified as the workers' exclusive representatives?

66 - at least 50% of workers must vote in order to achieve certification.

Whenever a customer takes his or her car in for services to Kelly Cars, they are asked to rate their satisfaction with the quality and timeliness of the repairs by completing an automated phone survey. This feedback is then used in the mechanic's performance appraisal. Which source of information is Kelly Cars using?

Customer and Clients

overconfidence bias is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way a situation or problem is presented to them.

False - Framing bias.

T/F: collective bargaining always settles differences

False - some disputes are ongoing even after a contract has been signed.

"close enough is good enough" would BEST characterize which model of decision making?

satisficing model

Which legislative act was passed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees?

Occupation safety and health act (OSHA)

example of hostile work environment.

Tamicka's boss repeatedly touches her hair or hands while he is speaking with her, even though she has told him that this makes her uncomfortable.

best diagnostic question for an organization practicing evidence based decision according to Jeffry Pfeffer and Robert Sutton?

What happens when people fail?

which one of the following best describes the bases of the (non rational) models of decision making?

a model that describes how managers actually make decisions.

When he applied for a clerical position at Halewood Manufacturing, Tyrone was asked to complete an employment test that assessed his keyboarding skills as well as his mathematical skills. What type of employment test did Tyrone complete?

ability test

benefits

additional non monetary forms of compensation such as health insurance, vacation and retirement plans.

Elena, who is Hispanic, was told by the personnel director that she did a great job at the interview but that he couldn't hire her because all the other candidates had a college degree and she did not. However, because the position didn't require a college degree, the personnel director's reasoning would be an example of which type of workplace discrimination?

adverse impact

in order to prevent groupthink, it is important to do what?

allow criticism

when making decisions more her department, Ellie tends to take a long time because she takes into consideration a large amount of information. What type of decision-making style does Ellie demonstrate?

analytical

Samantha had never traveled to New York City before, but she had been on a recent business trip to Houston. When she learned that the hotel room she wanted was in New York City cost $300 per night, she was shocked, because she though the hotel rooms would be priced similarly to those in Houston. This is an example of _________________ bias

anchoring and adjustment

the process in which a neutral third party listens to both sides of dispute and then makes a decision the parties have agreed will be binding on them is known as ________________.

arbitration

The decision made by a(n) _________________in a labor dispute, such as the award of damages, must be honored by both labor and management.

arbitrator

four generic styles of decision making

behavioral, directive, analytical, and conceptual

Rather than holding formal meetings in the board room, Kevin prefers meeting with his group over lunch at a restaurant. He feels that his group opens more during these lunches and opinions are openly exchanged. Which style of decision making does Keven Use?

behavioral.

In order to optimize her newest promotion for the Hollywood movie company she works for Carli analyzes large amounts of data from social media, industry forecasts and existing customer records to find buying patterns within customer base. what is Carli using to make her decision?

big data analytics

the concept that suggests that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by constraints such as complexity, skills, time, and money is known as ______________ rationality.

bounded

Michelle met with her five employees around the table and asked each of them to take five minutes to write down what they personally thought their new facility should include. She then collected the information and wrote it on the white board for all of them to view and decide upon. Michelle is using ______________ technique.

brainstorming

the three elements of ___________ include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefits.

compensation

Although Samantha is not close to her staff, she didn't want to ask her staff to work over the Mother's Day weekend to complete a client's project due Monday. So Samantha got creative and worked with the supplier to have half of the project due on Monday and the other half on Tuesday. Samantha's concern for her employees and her creative thinking skills demonstrates which style of decision making?

conceptual

Tyler is a die-hard Iowa Hawkeyes football fan, and he just bought season tickets. He tells everyone about the games the Kawkeyes win but doesn't seem to acknowledge the games they lose. This is an example of _________ bias.

confirmation

when a manger can't find a good solution to a problem and either procrastinates, passes the bunk or denies that there will be any negative consequences, she or he is adoption which ineffective response to a decision situation?

defensive avoidance

According to psychologist Danial Kahneman, which of the following characteristics would describe system 2 thinking?

deliberate, conscious, analytical

sunk cost bias

demonstrated when mangers add up all the money already spent on a project and conclude it is too costly to simply abandon it.

A job ______________ summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it.

description

conducting a _____________ involves analyzing the underlying causes of a problem or opportunity.

diagnosis

People with the ____________ style of decision making and action-oriented and like to focus on facts. They also tend to be autocratic-type managers

directive

people with a ________ decision making style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are task oriented. They are efficient, logical, and practical in their approach to solving problems and making decision.

directive

goal ____________ occurs when the primary goal is subsumed by the secondary goal.

displacement

If a proposed action is ethical, maximizes shareholder value and is legal, what action is recommended according to Bagley's ethical decision tree?

do it.

on the first day of her new job, Elena met with a human resource representative who explained the health and dental insurance and retirement plan options available to employees. This represents which type of information generally covered by effective orientation programs?

employee benefits

Ramona is bidding on an auction item against several other people. She knows the bid is already to high, but she doesn't want to give up, so she continues bidding. This is an example of _____________ bias.

escalation of commitment.

when using the ethical decision tree, management should consider whether a proposed action is both legal and _____________

ethical

every six months Fran has a meeting with her manager to discuss her performance, the goals of which were specified in the meeting six months earlier. This is an example of a(n) ______________ performance appraisal.

formal

Bob was unsure how his boss was going to react to his proposal, so he was careful to put an upbeat "spin" on the situation to emphasize the positive aspects rather than the negative aspects. Bob's method of presenting the situation demonstrates the ___________ bias.

framing

During difficult economic times, unions and management may negotiate a ________________, in which the union agrees to give up previous wages or benefit gains in return for something else, such as a no-layoff policy.

giveback

during which of the following is positive team spirit and striving for unanimity most likely to lead to poor decision making?

groupthink

the tendency of people to view events as being more predictable than they really are is referred to as ______________ bias.

hindsight.

people posses an "_________ system" of the mind that blunts bad feelings and cools euphoric ones.

immune

the cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) clause in a collective bargaining agreement ties future wage increases to __________.

increases in the cost of living.

knowledge of decision-making styles can assist managers in many ways except for...?

increasing the biases of the manager toward their favorite style

incentives

inducements to attract and retain top performers or induce employees to be more productive.

One of the employment tests Jane had to complete as part of the selection process was an online assessment that asked questions such as, "During the past 12 months, have you been given too much change by a cashier and kept the money?" and "How many times did you cheat on an exam during your senior year of high school?" Based on these questions, it would appear that Jane completed a(n) _____________ test.

integrity

The information collected from a decision support system is known as business

intelligence

One question that is NOT used in Bagley's ethical decision tree

is the proposed action a benefit to our competitors?

example of a disadvantage of internal recruiting

it creates vacancy elsewhere in the organization.

If Alec wants to fill a vacancy in his department with an existing employee, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

job posting

A _________________ worker is someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information as opposed to manual labor.

knowledge

As expertise grows, experts can be less able to see their products from an outsider's view and may make decisions that are no longer intuitive to users. This process has been called the curse of ________________.

knowledge

Hourly workers at Brite Electroplating have joined an organization to protect their interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues. This organization is a(n) _____________.

labor union.

intuition

making a choice without the use of conscious though or logical inference

wages and salary

monetary payments to employees in exchange for doing their jobs.

according to Babson college study, successful analytics work with ____________ applications

multiple

two concerns that a manager should consider when an employee is promoted:

nondiscrimination, fairness

decision-making models acknowledges that the decisions managers make are nearly always uncertain and risky, making it difficult for managers to make optimal decisions.

nonrational model.

When Keisha started her new job, she went through ____________ to help her transition and fit smoothly into the job and org. the company is small so this process consisted primarily of employees welcoming her, "showing her the ropes," and inviting her to the annual picnic that was coming up soon.

orientation.

The ______________ bias occurs when people's positive feelings about their own decision-making ability is greater than their objective accuracy

overconfidence

Enrique was given an employment test that measured his desire to work hard and perform well at his job. This is an example of what type of employment test?

personality

a data-mining technique used to predict future behavior and anticipate the consequences of change is known as ___________ modeling

predictive

The rational model of decision-making is considered ___________ in that it describes how managers should make decisions, rather than how they actually make them

prescriptive

which of the following laws gave employees legal rights to examine letters of reference concerning them?

privacy act.

the action by which workers vote on whether to accept or reject the terms of the contract negotiated by the union after collective bargaining is called ___________.

ratification

As the human resource manager for him firm, Candance is responsible for identifying and attracting qualified applicants for available positions within the organization. This role is known as _____________.

recruiting

a manager who picks the first reasonable option that comes to mind to fix a problem rather than taking the time to explore other alternatives, is responding to a decision situation with which ineffective response?

relaxed change

what is illegal to use as the basis of hiring and promotion decisions?

religion, race, gender

Angela's boss has repeatedly asked her to go out with him and has suggested that her repeated refusals may negatively impact her next performance review. Angela's boss is guilty of ______________.

sexual harassment.

Heuristics are strategies that _________________ the process of making decisions

simplify

opportunities

situations that present possibilities for exceeding existing goals are known as opportunities.

Under the 1947 Taft-Harley Act, individual ________________ are allowed to pass legislation outlawing union and agency shops.

states

You go to the movie theater to see the latest release by your favorite actor. You quickly realize the movie is not very good, but instead of walking out, you stay to watch the rest of the movie, figuring that you've already spent $9.50 for a movie ticket and $6 for popcorn. This is an example of the ______________ bias.

sunk-cost

Aspects of social capital

teamwork, mutual respect, trust, goodwill

One that is NOT a characteristic of the Delphi group problem-solving technique

technological forecasting is required

Esther was going to fly to a business conference but when she remembered recent news stories about plane crashes, she decided to drive instead. This is an example of _____________

the availability bias.

decision making

the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action.

examples of business analytics

time-series forecast, portfolio analysis

which personality dimension indicates the extent to which a person has high need for structure or control in their life?

tolerance and ambiguity

Liz likes working for Nick. He provides specific, detailed instructions about each project he assigns to her. His clear expectations make Liz feel very comfortable. Which dimension of decision-making styles dies this correspond to?

tolerance for ambiguity

T/F: the increased on business ethics that followed the business scandals of the early 2000s, including the Enron Collapse and civilian contractor abuses in Iraq, also lead to the growing use of ethics officers

true

which type of contract enables the company to pay senior workers a higher rate of pay than newer workers for doing the same type of work?

two-tier wage contract

under a(n) ________________ contract, new union employees are paid less or receive fewer benefits than union employees with longer service or tenure.

two-tier wage.

The ________________ clause in a collective bargaining agreement sets forth that employees who receive union benefits just join the union pay union dues.

union security

During the interview, hiring manager Susan asked job applicants whatever questions pooped into her head, with no systematic scoring procedure for their answers. This is an example of a(n) ______________ interview.

unstructured

when deciding if her company should hire the new installation contractor, Shannon realized that if they didn't hire this contractor it would take months to find a different one and orders needed to get out the door in two weeks. Without a contractor, sales would be lost. Which factor is shannon using as she "decides to decide?"

urgency

minority dissent

when a few members of a group publicly oppose the beliefs, ideas, policies or procedures assumed by the majority of the group.