MGT 340 Quizzes

Relationship lens is

John Rawls

Sandel says in the first chapter of his book, that we sometimes think of moral reasoning as a way to argue and convince others, but he points out it is also a way to determine our own moral convictions and decide what we believe and why.

True

The Ethical Lens Inventory tries to describe ethics in this way. It says, "Ethics can be broadly defined as demonstrating our values through our actions."

True

The growing complexity of the job market will ...

increase the importance of a liberal arts education.

"Maybe there is another way that we could use numbers as the basis of our moral framework. How about this? What if, in any situation, you could calculate, look at the choices, measure out which one is better, and know what one to do? That sound familiar? That is a __________ moral framework."

utilitarian

AI is expected to prioritize the ability to...

utilize creative thinking.

In the story of the Afghan Goatherds, Petty Officer Luttrell determined the decision he made:

was wrong, because he didn't kill the goatherds and released them, but only 90 minutes later they were surrounded by fighters with AK-47s and grenades. US soldiers were killed and a SEAL unit crashed trying to save them.

Autonomy

A value on the ELI scale stating that individuals determine for themselves what values should take priority.

Equality

A value on the ELI scale stating that the community determines the values which should take priority.

Rationality

A value on the ELI scale that uses the skills of critical thinking and analysis.

Sensibility

A value on the ELI scale using the skills of empathy and compassion to determine which specific actions to take.

Unlike Bentham's very strict interpretation of Utilitarianism's, "greatest good for the greatest number," Mill would not allow the persecution of a minority religion by the majority religion because:

Allowing a majority to silence dissenters might maximize utility today, but makes society worse off in the long run.

Reputation lens is

Aristotle/Virtue Ethics

How would a utilitarian view the ancient Roman custom of placing Christians in the coliseum with lions?

As long as enough Romans gained sufficient pleasure from the spectacle of the lions eating the Christians, it didn't matter that the Christians suffered.

In Sandel's book Justice, he tells the story of Armin Meiwes of Rotenburg Germany advertising to find someone willing to be killed and eaten. Someone did respond and gave his consent to Meiwes. What was the end result of this story?

Germany had no laws against cannibalism and so Meiwe's was originally convicted of a form of manslaughter with only an eight year sentence.

Sandel states that to see if a society is "just", you must look to see how it distributes the things as a society that is prized, such as income, wealth, powers, opportunities and honors. In his book, he says he will identify three ways of distributing these goods. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways Sandel identifies?

Honor

Jeremy Bentham is said to have said, "Push-pin is as good as poetry". What does this phrase mean?

Betham's measurement of pleasure doesn't differentiate between higher or lower pleasures.

Responsibilities lens is

Immanuel Kant

The Ethical Lens Inventory (ELI) places people into one of four quadrants or "lenses" based on their answers to a variety of questions. Which of these are the quadrants used in the ELI?

Responsibilities Results Relationship Reputation

Which of the following are qualities or skills that employers are likely to seek in employees regarding AI, as discussed in Chapter 2?

1. A strong understanding of AI literacy, enabling them to collaborate with AI tools and add human value. 2. The ability to use AI effectively to enhance productivity and efficiency in their work. 3. The capability to adapt to new AI technologies and apply them to solve problems creatively. 4. Critical thinking skills to assess when and how to use AI tools for better decision-making.

Which of the following statements accurately describe how AI can assist humans in their work, as discussed in Chapter 2? Select three correct answers.

1. AI helps humans by accurately processing large datasets, identifying patterns, and providing actionable insights faster than a human could. It is particularly good at processing and summarizing large PDF files, like finding the answers to questions in this quiz! 2. AI can perform repetitive and detail-oriented tasks quickly, allowing humans to focus on more complex and creative work. 3. AI consistently performs at an average or "C" level, which can be particularly beneficial for novice workers who need reliable assistance. However, to achieve higher-quality results, human intervention must occur.

Mill's thoughts about Utilitarianism go beyond the simple approach offered by Jeremy Bentham. Which two statements below does Mill believe that Bentham would not?

1. Actions and consequences are not all that matters. Character also counts. 2. Not all pleasures are equal, it is possible to distinguish between higher and lower pleasures.

Mill offers three reasons to uphold individual liberty. What are the three reasons he offers?

1. Challenging existing majority opinions will keep that opinion from simply being accepted without question and avoid it becoming simply dogma. 2. The dissenting view may prove to be true or at least partially true. 3. A community that forces conformance will not improve itself and will eventually lose vitality and atrophy.

The Libertarian says that taxation is on a par with forced labor. Which of the following are reasons they put forth to support that argument?

1. If the state can demand 25% of my income, it essentially asserts it has a property right in me. 2. If the state can tax 25% of my income, it might of just as well require me to work for the state 25% of my time.

In the story of the Mignonette, what were the two objections to killing the cabin boy?

1. Isn't it just wrong to use a human being and taking his life without consent even if it benefits others? 2. Did killing the boy outweigh the costs to society as a whole?

Of the two great proponents of Utilitarianism,

1. John Stuart Mill was the more humane philosopher as compared to Bentham. 2. Jeremy Bentham was the more consistent philosopher as compared to Mill

Only a minimal governmental state, one that enforces contracts, protects private property and keeps the peace is compatible with libertarian theory. There are several types of laws that libertarians reject. What are these three types?

1. Laws that require some people to help others. Libertarians believe we own ourselves and our own labor and we are not forced to help others, particularly through redistribution of income. 2. Laws that enforce notions of virtue or morals of the majority. Libertarians believe we have the freedom to believe and act on our own, regardless how others believe. 3. Laws that protect people from harming themselves. Libertarians believe we have the right to accept our own risks.

"Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign." Which of the following three statements are true about this quote?

1. Mill through this quote asserts that government should not interfere with personal liberty, even if it is to protect the person from themselves 2. The quote is from John Stuart Mill's book, "On Liberty". 3. It means people should be free to do whatever they want, provided they don't harm others.

Assume that more people prefer to watch dogfights than going to view Rembrandt paintings at a museum. If that is true, which of the following two statements would be correct?

1. Mill would claim that the higher pleasure of viewing Rembrandt paintings increases human dignity and should be preferred. 2. Bentham would recommend that society should subsidize dogfight arenas and not public museums.

The life boat case illustrates two rival and different approaches to justice. What are the two rival approaches directly mentioned in the Sandel article?

1. One of the approaches is that the consequences of an action are not all that we care about, We have certain duties and rights which command our respect independent of consequences. 2. One of the approaches is that the morality of an action depends solely on the consequences it brings about. The ends justify the means.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the advantages and disadvantages of Generative AI (GenAI) as discussed in Chapter 1? Select two correct answers.

1. One of the strengths of Generative AI is its ability to create new and innovative ideas by combining words and concepts in ways humans might not think of. 2. Generative AI can "hallucinate," meaning it may generate false information or fictional references due to its probabilistic nature

Which of the following statements accurately describe the terms related to AI as discussed in Chapter 1? Select three correct answers.

1. The big six Large Language Models (LLM) we have today: are GPT (from OpenAI), PaLM (from Google), LLaMA (from Meta), Claude (from Anthropic), Pi (from Inflection), Grok (from xAI). 2. Neural networks are computing systems modeled after the neural connections in the human brain, consisting of layers of interconnected nodes. 3. Machine learning relies on probabilistic reasoning and pattern recognition, allowing systems to learn from data and improve over time.

Which of the following statements accurately reflect the expectations and insights related to the document provided with the title "Generative Artificial Intelligence Technology (GAIT) in Management 340"? Select three correct answers.

1. The course encourages and practically requires students to use GAIT to enhance their work and produce "B" or "A" level quality by improving upon the AI-generated output. 2. GAIT can be used to produce "C" level work, but such work will not reflect the critical thinking and added value expected by future employers. 3. Relying solely on GAIT without adding personal value to the work will be insufficient to meet the course's standards. Students will initially be reminded of this fact and then it will result in much lower grades over time.

According to Bentham, the government and legislators should (pick two):

1. add up all the benefits of any suggested policy and subtract all the costs, if the net effective is positive, it should be approved. 2. maximize the happiness of the community as a whole

Results lens is

Consequentialism/Utilitarianism

When you hear someone who says, "The best way to resolve this decision is to do a cost-benefit analysis" Which ethical lens are they likely in?

Result

It is wrong to take his phone. He is a person and he has rights. He has _________. We can't just interfere with that. He has _________ It doesn't matter what the calculation are, there are things that are __________ wrong. Like lying is wrong. Torturing innocent children is wrong. ______ was very good on this point, and he said it a little better. He said we should use our ___________ to figure out the rules by which we should guide our conduct. And then it is our _______ to follow those rules. It is not a matter of calculation.

Dignity, autonomy, intrinsically, Kant, reason, duty

A "dyed-in-the-wool" libertarian (an avid believer) would agree that we should be able to sell one of our kidneys to the highest bidder if we so chose to do so. However, they would not agree with selling the second kidney as that would violate the moral code of ethics of killing oneself.

False

A strict "Bentham-ite" ( a very devoted follower of Jeremy Bentham) would argue that torturing a terrorist that knows where a bomb is planted would only be justified if there were many many hundreds or even thousands of people to be killed.

False

John Stuart Mill was a student of Jeremy Bentham and of utilitarianism, but he tried to recast it in a less humane and more calculated way than Bentham.

False

Sandel argues that personal moral reflection, the "back and forth" between our judgments and our principles, revising each in the light of the other, is best done in solitaire and through personal introspection.

False

The farther a person is away from the center of the ELI grid, the more relaxed are the feelings associated with that value.

False

The reason to kill the cabin boy in the story of the Mignonette was:

It was necessary to kill one person in order to save three

Some like the libertarian idea of freedom from taxes, but reject some of the freedoms that libertarians make on self-ownership. Which of the following items would a libertarian not support?

Motorcycle helmet laws to avoid the unfair burden on society when they are injured

When you hear someone who says, "I am above all else, fair!" Which ethical lens are they likely in?

Relationship

When you hear someone who says, "It was a hard call, but as a leader I had no choice." Which ethical lens are they likely in?

Reputation

Those who agree with income redistribution have various objections to the logic of the Libertarian. Which of the following is NOT one of those objections?

The Libertarian is free to spend their money as they choose, they own themselves and the fruits of their own labor

The first step to ethical agility is to fully understand your own ethical lens. While you might agree with portions of many of the other lenses; when under stress or pressure, you'll begin your ethical analysis ....

from your home lens.

We are moved by that opera, we are moved because it's about the battle between _______ and ______. About ______ and ________. And we care about right and wrong, we care what happens in that opera. We care what happens in Apocalypse now and we certainly care what happens with our technology. We have so much _______ today. It is up to us to figure out what to do.

good, evil, right, wrong, power

Why did Bentham believe rounding up street beggars and putting them in workhouses was a good idea?

The sum of the pain of the public (pain of sympathy, pain of disgust) was greater than the unhappiness of the beggars in the workhouse.

In the Justice article on Utilitarianism, Philip Morris and Ford Motor Company both completed a comprehensive costs-benefit analysis . What can you say about both of these company's analyzes?

They both came to a decision that ultimately saved money (increased utility), but that their decision shocked society with their disregard of basic human worth.

Of the three survivors of the Mignonette as described in the book "Justice", two were charged with capital murder. Which two were charged as a result of this incident?

Thomas Dudley Edwin Stephens

Compliance

how carefully we follow the laws of the community

Ethics

how we treat each other and behave in matters of importance.

Bentham argues that it is possible, and in fact necessary, to translate all pleasure and pain, all happiness (or unhappiness) into a single scale of value and that everyone's preferences must be counted equally.

True

Ethical agility is measured by our ability to use all four ethical lenses effectively. We increase our agility to apply ethics correctly when we see the problem through the ethical lenses that are not our own.

True

Jeremy Bentham's version of Utilitarianism fails to respect the rights of the individual person.

True

John Stuart Mill says we should maximize utility, but not case by case such as Bentham, but in the long run, which he believes will lead to the greatest human happiness.

True

Laws banning assisted suicide, according to the Libertarian, are unjust. If I enter into a voluntary contract with Dr. Jack Kevorkian, says the libertarian, the state has no right to interfere.

True

People who believe that being taxed in order to re-distribute their money to fund government entitlement programs for the less affluent is violating a fundamental right, the right to do with their money what ever they please. This is what Libertarians believe.

True

The U.S. Bill of Rights sets out certain liberties, such as rights to freedom of speech and religion. What approach to justice is the closest to describing the justification behind the bill of rights?

Universal Rights

When we focus on maximizing the welfare of our society, such as improving our standard of living, and we use this as our approach to business ethics, we are employing what type of justice?

Utilitarianism

Manners

how we treat each other in matters of little consequence

The best hedge against an uncertain future job market is the...

ability to think and adapt

"Last question. A harder question. When trying to evaluate what we should do, in this case, should we use a Kantian ________ moral framework, or should we use a Millitian _________ one?

deontological and consequentialist

"That is ambitious. He wants to solve ethics. He wants ________ truth. If you think that way, you have a _________ moral framework."

objective and platonist

The more strongly you have a preference along any of the ELI axis, the more aware you need to be

of the blind spots that come with that particular part of the lens

Here is the way it works. What if morals , what if what makes something moral, is just a matter of it maximizes _________ and minimizes _________.

pleasure and pain

Culture

the way an organization translates its values into action

Dr. Baird, the creator of the Ethical Lens Inventory, says that we can pick up subtle clues to other people's ethical perspectives by...

the words they choose to describe their problems and the reasons they give for their actions.

Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarianism, states that the main idea of his philosophy is:

to maximize utility. He wanted to have more pleasure than pain, more utility