MGT Ch 7
Peter Senge, a learning theorist, identified which of the following as the five principles for creating a learning organization? (Choose all that apply.)
Promote team learning Encourage systems thinking Allow employees to develop a sense of personal mastery Build a shared vision Encourage employees to develop and use complex mental models
Managers should consciously follow _____ steps to make a good decision.
Six
When managers give employees the opportunity to experiment and take risks and to learn from mistakes, employees are more likely to be ______.
creative
A basic part of every task that managers perform is ______.
decision making
James uses a combination of brainstorming, the nominal group technique, or the Delphi techniques in his team. These are examples of group ______ techniques.
decision making
Recognize the need, generate alternatives, assess alternatives, choose among alternatives, implement the chosen alternative, and learn from feedback are the six steps of ______.
decision making
Managers can use ______ to regulate all routine organizational activities, thus making them programmed decisions.
decision rules
One way to improve group decision making is to promote ______ within the group.
diversity
An individual who starts a business after noticing opportunities and deciding how to mobilize the resources necessary to produce new and improved goods and services is known as a(n) ______.
entrepreneur
Siobhan, a(n) ______, notices opportunities and decides how to mobilize the resources necessary to produce new and improved goods and services.
entrepreneur
Sam continues to commit organizational resources to a project that is failing. This is an example of ______________ commitment.
escalating
______ decision making is a routine, virtually automatic decision-making process that follows established rules or guidelines.
Programmed
Once managers recognize the need to make a decision in response to the opportunity or threat, they must ______.
generate a list of feasible alternatives
The four potential advantages of _____ decision making include (1) that alternatives are less likely to be influenced by errors and personal biases, (2) improved ability to generate feasible alternatives and make good decisions, (3) managers that are able to process more information and correct one another's errors, and (4) greater cooperation in implementation stage.
group
The classical decision making model is based on the assumption that the decision maker can ______.
identify and evaluate all possible alternatives and their consequences
When individuals overestimate their ability to control activities and events, they suffer from a(n) _________ of ____________ .
illusion control
Not ______ a decision is the same as not making a decision at all.
implementing or executing
Organizational ______ is the process through which managers seek to improve the desire and ability of their employees to understand and manage the organization and its task environment.
learning
Nicole wants to improve the desire and ability of her employees to understand the organization in hopes of improving organizational effectiveness. She is engaging in ______.
organizational learning
A(n) ______ is a manager who takes ownership of a project and guides a product from the idea stage to the final customer.
product champion
Simone takes ownership of the project to which she was assigned. She provides the leadership and vision that will take the product from the idea stage to the final customer. Simone is a(n) ______.
product champion
A cognitive bias resulting from the tendency to generalize inappropriately from a small sample or from a single vivid event or episode is known as ______ bias.
representativeness
When an individual attempts to inappropriately generalize from a small sample or a single event, _____________ ___________________occurs. (Enter one word per blank.)
representativeness, bias
True or false: Peter Senge's five principles for creating a learning organization include providing employees with more vacation and personal days off.
False
The final step in the decision making process is learning from ______.
Feedback
Recognizing the need for a decision is the ______ step in the decision making process.
First
The ______ step in the decision making process is to rank the various alternatives and choose one after the set of alternatives has been carefully evaluated.
Fourth
Which of the following are advantages of group decision making? (Choose all that apply.)
Greater probability that the decision will be implemented successfully Allows managers to process more information and correct one another's errors Draws on combined skills, competencies, and accumulated knowledge Alternatives are less likely to fall victim to biases and errors
When small groups begin to think as one, tolerate no dissension, and strive to remain cordial with each other, ______ occurs.
Groupthink
Many managers make a decision and then fail to act on it. It is critical that top managers ______ the decision and then assign middle managers the responsibility to make follow-up decisions as appropriate to achieve the goal. This responsibility should be met with rewards and sanctions for success and failure, respectively, in implementing the decision.
Implement
Four characteristics of entrepreneurs
Internal locus of control High self esteem Openness to experience High need for achievement
Lakisha has chosen and implemented her decision to hire more staff. Her next step will be to ______.
Learn from feedback
Alicia has carefully evaluated a set of alternatives to a problem. She will next rank the various alternatives and ______.
Make a decision
Which of the following does the administrative model of decision making help explain? (Check all that apply.)
Managers usually make satisfactory, rather than optimum, decisions. Decision making is inherently uncertain and risky.
Illusion of ______ is a source of cognitive bias resulting from the tendency to overestimate personal ability to be in charge of activities and events.
Control
Which three of the following are group decision-making techniques? (Choose all that apply.)
Brainstorming Delphi technique Nominal group technique
True or false: Managers must be aware of biases and their effects, and they must identify their own personal style of making decisions.
True
Entrepreneurs are likely to have a high need for ______.
achievement
An approach that explains why decision making is inherently uncertain and risky and why managers usually make satisfactory, rather than optimum decisions, defines the ______ model.
administrative
When someone within the group defends unpopular or opposing alternatives for the sake of argument as a means of critical analysis of a preferred alternative, he or she is engaging in ______.
advocacy
Decision making is part of ______ tasks that managers perform.
all
Diverse groups sometimes are not as prone to groupthink because group members: (Choose all that apply.)
are less subject to pressures for uniformity already differ from each other
The third step in decision making is ______.
assess alternatives
The ______ decision-making model is said to be a prescriptive approach to decision making.
classical
By being aware of their own personal style, managers improve their decision making and problem solving abilities while reducing the negative effects of ______.
cognitive biases
A cognitive bias resulting from the tendency to base decisions on strong prior beliefs even if evidence shows that those beliefs are wrong is ______ bias.
confirmation
When individuals have strong prior beliefs even though evidence shows that their beliefs are wrong, this is ______.
confirmation bias
Generating a list of feasible alternatives is the ______ step in the decision making process.
second
Errors that people make over and over that result in poor decision making are ______ errors.
systematic
If employees feel they will be looked down on or penalized for ideas that may seem outlandish, they will have difficulty ______.
yielding truly innovative products and services
