Mgt Chap 13-15
a
A compensation plan of an organization that bases pay on performance is called a merit pay plan. True False
b
A person who is extrinsically motivated cannot be prosocially motivated at the same time. True False
a
According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, _____ needs are related to the nature of the work itself and how challenging it is. motivator expectancy instrumental hygiene terminal
d
According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, _____ needs are related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed. motivator expectancy instrumental hygiene terminal
b
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, higher level needs must be satisfied before lower level needs. True False
c
According to McClelland, the need for affiliation is the extent to which an individual: desires to perform challenging tasks well. wants to meet personal standards for excellence. is concerned about maintaining good interpersonal relations. desires to control other people. wishes to receive performance feedback.
a
According to the expectancy theory, employees are motivated to perform at a high level only if they think high performance will lead to outcomes such as pay, job security, interesting job assignments, bonuses, or a feeling of accomplishment. True False
b
According to the expectancy theory, in what way can a manager boost the expectancy levels and motivation of employees? By setting them tasks for which they are overqualified By expressing confidence in their competence and capability By not putting them through intensive, routine training programs By lowering their levels of autonomy and responsibility as they gain experience By giving them advice frequently and monitoring their performance constantly
c
According to the expectancy theory, the term _____ refers to how desirable each of the outcomes available from a job or organization is to a person. instrumentality self-actualization valence equity autonomy
b
Advances in information technology have dramatically complicated the administration of piece-rate pay. True False
c
As a reward for completing his assignment two weeks ahead of schedule, Scott rewarded himself with a long vacation. The reward is a(n) _____. vicarious reinforcer negative reinforcer self-reinforcer relative-reinforcer absolute-reinforce
a
Both easy and moderate goals have less motivational power than difficult goals. True False
b
Drew works by the company's code of conduct only because he knows that not doing so will get him fired. Drew's motivation is intrinsic. True False
a
Equity exists when a person perceives his or her own outcome-input ratio to be equal to a referent's outcome-input ratio. True False
b
Extrinsically motivated behavior is that which is performed out of a desire to work for the welfare of society. True False
b
In what way do the theories of Maslow and Alderfer differ? Unlike Alderfer, Maslow believed that self-actualization forms the base of the needs-hierarchy. Unlike Maslow, Alderfer believed that a person can be motivated by needs from multiple levels at a time. Unlike Maslow, Alderfer believed that as lower-level needs become satisfied, people seek to satisfy higher-level needs. Unlike Alderfer, Maslow believed that when people experience need frustration, they focus upon satisfying higher-level needs. Unlike Maslow, Alderfer believed that physiological needs form the pinnacle of the needs-hierarchy.
c
In what way do the theories of Maslow and Alderfer resemble each other? Both theories agree that self-actualization form the base of the needs-hierarchy. Both theories agree that a person can only be motivated by one need at a time. Both theories agree that as lower-level needs become satisfied, people seek to satisfy higher-level needs. Both theories agree that when people experience need frustration, they focus upon satisfying higher-level needs. Both theories agree that physiological needs form the pinnacle of the needs-hierarchy.
b
Managers who derive a sense of accomplishment and achievement from helping the organization achieve its goals and gain competitive advantages are extrinsically motivated. True False
a
Michelle has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence. However, she does not wish do to so at the expense of maintaining good interpersonal relationships with her employees. According to McClelland's three-needs theory, Michelle has a: high need for affiliation and high need for achievement. low need for affiliation and low need for power. low need for achievement and low need for affiliation. high need for power and low need for affiliation low need for achievement and high need for power
a
Motivation is highest when as many people as possible in an organization perceive that they are being equitably treated. True False
a
One way for managers to curtail the performance of dysfunctional behaviors is to eliminate whatever is reinforcing the behaviors. This process is called _____. extinction punishment extraction instrumentality termination
a
People can be both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated at the same time. True False
a
Providing employees with highly valent outcomes has the potential to reduce turnover. True False
b
Steve is a broker of a large financial company and is motivated by his sales commission. Steve is therefore intrinsically motivated. True False
a
The Scanlon plan motivated employees to propose and implement cost-cutting strategies because a percentage of the cost savings achieved during a specified time is distributed to the employees. True False
e
The _____ plan motivates employees to propose and implement cost-cutting strategies because a percentage of the cost savings achieved during the specified time is distributed to the employees. commission equity piece-rate stock-option Scanlon
b
The equity theory focuses on identifying the types of goals that are most effective in producing high levels of motivation and performance and explaining why goals have these effects. True False
a
The source of _____ motivation lies with the acquisition of material or social rewards. extrinsic operational intrinsic ethnocentric experiential
b
The source of extrinsic motivation lies with actually performing the behavior and not with its consequences. True False
b
Under profit sharing, managers receive a share of their employees' profits. True False
a
Using piece-rate pay, an individual-based merit plan, managers base employees' pay on the number of units each employee produces. True False
a
Vicarious learning is also known as observational learning. True False
a
Vicarious learning occurs when a person becomes motivated to perform a behavior by watching another person performing the behavior and being positively reinforced for doing so. True False
e
When John violated the company's code of ethics, he was suspended for eight weeks without pay. This is an example of _____. extinction positive reinforcement negative reinforcement extraction punishment
b
Which of the following is true according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? The highest-level needs must be met before trying to satisfy the lower-level needs. Once a need is satisfied, it ceases to be a source of motivation. The five basic needs can be satisfied in any order. A person can be motivated by needs at more than one level at the same time. If unable to satisfy needs at a certain level, people will focus more intently on satisfying the needs at the next highest level.
a
Which of the following is true of Alderfer's ERG theory? It states that when people experience need frustration, they focus upon a lower-level need. It states that a person can be motivated by only one need from any given level at a time. It states that needs which have already been satisfied are the strongest motivators. It states that the need for self-actualization is more important than the need for affiliation. It states that need for personal-growth is the lowest-level need.
b
Which of the following is true of Michael, a manager of stellar performance, who is driven by intrinsic motivation? The source of his motivation lies with the bonus paycheck he receives with each accomplishment. The source of his motivation lies with performing his role well and achieving organizational goals. He is motivated by the societal recognition and fame his achievements bring him. The source of his motivation lies with the censure that failure would bring him. He is motivated by the promotion his performance will necessitate.
a
Which of the following is true of extrinsic motivation? The source of motivation is the consequences of the behavior, not the behavior itself. The source of motivation lies with executing the tasks with maximum efficiency and efficacy. The motivation is fueled by a person's need for achievement and self-actualization. The motivation is fueled by a person's desire to ensure the welfare of other people. The source of motivation lies with the sense of satisfaction that performing well brings.
e
Which of the following is true of valence, according to the expectancy theory? High motivation results from low valence and low instrumentality. Valence refers to how instrumental an employee is to the organization. High levels of valency and instrumentality result in low expectancy. Outcomes considered to have high valence are identical across all employees. Providing employees with highly valent outcomes can reduce turnover.
e
Which of the following theories proposes that motivation results not only from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from a person's thoughts and beliefs? Needs hierarchy theory ERG theory Equity theory Operant conditioning theory Social learning theory
a
_____ considers how managers can ensure that organizational members focus their inputs in the direction of high performance and the achievement of organizational targets. Goal-setting theory ERG theory Three-needs theory Operant conditioning theory Motivator-hygiene theory
