mgt chapter 12
Poor morale is most likely to cause
Absenteeism
The examination of input-output ratios, employee contributions, and the perception of fairness is most associated with
Equity Theory
Sue wants to be warm, but she is not; she has a
Need
What is path-goal theory?
a. A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment
Which of the following characteristics relates to a servant leader?
a. leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees
What is meant by an authentic leader?
b. A leader who is passionate about company objectives, models corporate values in the workplace, and forms strong relationships with stakeholders
Subordinate resistance to the use of power is most likely when which of the following sources of power is used?
b. Coercive
What term describes power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area?
b. Expert power
With regard to leadership and management, most American companies today appear to be
b. under-led and over-managed.
What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?
c. Content theories
Which of the following refers to a working arrangement whereby two employees do one job?
Job Sharing
Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?
Morale
Which of the following refers to a person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others?
Power
The motivational theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform are called
Process Theories
What term describes the act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences?
Punishment
Which of the following characteristics relates to a compressed work week?
a. A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 hours
What name is given to the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically?
a. Emotional intelligence
What term describes the process of providing employees with the ability to contribute input and take on responsibilities for organizational decisions?
a. Empowerment
What name is given to a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on an interpersonal relationship between individuals or on his or her personal characteristics?
a. Personal power
Which of the following characteristics relates to positive reinforcement?
a. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes
The First Lady's primary source of power is
a. affiliative.
Reward power, which stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards, is
a. organizationally based.
In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce
a. undesirable long-term side effects.
Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory?
b. A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment
What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?
b. Equity theory
Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power?
b. Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards
What name is given to a process theory that assumes that behavior may be reinforced by relating it to its consequences?
b. Reinforcement theory
What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?
b. Social learning theory
What are maintenance factors?
b. Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security
What term describes a style that goes beyond mere exchange relationships by inspiring employees to look beyond their own self-interests and by generating awareness and acceptance of the group's purposes and mission?
b. Transformational leadership
Frederick Taylor
b. analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.
You are a computer whiz, and you have installed some software that monitors all incoming and outgoing company emails. You have no formal understanding of leadership theory, but you clearly understand
b. information power.
Although regulations and laws sharply limit a leader's ability to use coercive power, it is a fair assessment that
b. it is still too commonly used in business settings.
Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation?
c. An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals
Which of the following refers to an organizationally based source of power derived from a leader's control over punishments or the capacity to deny rewards?
c. Coercive power
What name is given to the most effective managers, who engage in both dimensions of leadership behaviors by getting employees involved in the operation of their departments or divisions in a positive and constructive manner, setting general goals, providing fairly loose supervision, and recognizing employees' contributions?
c. Employee-centered leaders
If a leader wants a high degree of commitment from his or her subordinates, which sources of power are most likely to lead to that?
c. Expert, referent, and charismatic
What is meant by charisma?
c. The ability to inspire admiration, respect, loyalty, and a desire to emulate, based on some intangible set of personality traits; a personal source of power
What is meant by legitimate power?
c. The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position
Which of the following refers to a more traditional approach in which managers engage in both task- and consideration-oriented behaviors in an exchange manner?
c. Transactional leadership
There is increasing evidence that transformational leaders
c. exist at all levels in organizational hierarchies and in a broad range of organizations.
Giving employees tickets to "cash in" for a paid day off when they get their projects done well ahead of the deadline is an example of the creative use of
c. informal rewards.
Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that
c. the absence of maintenance factors may dissatisfy workers
What is flextime?
d. A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period
Which of the following refers to power that is derived by virtue of a person's association with someone else who has some source of power?
d. Affiliative power
The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies was
d. Elton Mayo.
Which of the following characteristics relates to information power?
d. Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge, or of having the ability to control the flow of information to and from others
Which of the following characteristics relates to leadership?
d. The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group toward the achievement of a goal
When Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X made their followers feel strong enough to resist racism and segregation, they were using
d. charismatic power .
Professors, computer geniuses, mechanics, airline pilots, and ship captains supposedly have a lot of
d. expert power.
When financial institutions such as J.P. Morgan reward employees with bonuses and other financial incentives for making risky decisions, they may find that their attempts to motivate employees
d. may sometimes have negative effects on the organization.
When extra effort is required from employees and managers have no control over rewards and punishments and close supervision is not practical
d. personal sources of power are essential.