MGT Chapter 12 Study Guide

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees will eventually adapt to their positions. Employees are underutilized. Employees can only handle a limited number of tasks.

Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees are underutilized.

What is the modern way of designing jobs? Multiple choice question. Fitting jobs to people Fitting people to jobs Working as individuals Working as groups

Fitting jobs to people

What is the modern way of designing jobs? Multiple choice question. Fitting people to jobs Working as individuals Working as groups Fitting jobs to people

Fitting jobs to people

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Give rewards as soon as possible. Administer punishment in private. Be clear about what behavior is desired. Combine punishment and positive reinforcement.

Give rewards as soon as possible. Be clear about what behavior is desired.

What characteristics should your long-term goal have? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Results-oriented Vague Attainable Measurable

Results-oriented Attainable Measurable

What Tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. This is an example of which core job characteristic? Multiple choice question. Feedback Skill variety Task identity Task significance

Skill variety

Which of the following are core job characteristics in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Skill variety Feedback Task significance Autonomy Task structure

Skill variety Feedback Task significance Autonomy

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Challenging Specific Achievable Complex

Challenging Specific Achievable

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Hygiene factors to motivating factors Effort to performance Equity to justice Performance to outcomes

Effort to performance Performance to outcomes

Merilee is a seamstress in a garment factory, and she is paid $10 for each skirt she produces. What compensation plan does this describe? Multiple choice question. Pay-for-knowledge Commission Gainsharing Piece rate

Piece rate

Which are principal perspectives on motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Reinforcement Competition Process Content Job design

Reinforcement Process Content Job design

True or false: Pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and other rewards. True false question. True False

True

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job ______. Multiple choice question. simplification enrichment design enlargement

design

What are the three tips for recharging yourself as part of your self-motivation approach? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Figure out how you can best recharge Make a daily list of accomplishments Accept kindness Relax mentally and physically

Figure out how you can best recharge Accept kindness Relax mentally and physically

How does self-motivation fit into the career readiness model? Multiple choice question. It is an attitude. It represents knowledge. It is a soft skill. It is at the core.

It is an attitude.

According to the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job requires the job holder to use a wide range of different talents and abilities is known as ______. Multiple choice question. task significance skill variety autonomy task identity

skill variety

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______. Multiple choice question. organization leadership influence motivation

motivation

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______. Multiple choice question. problems theories needs processes

needs

According to equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Praise Experience Training Effort

Experience Training Effort

How does McClelland view needs? Multiple choice question. We are born with needs. Needs must be satisfied in order, beginning with safety needs. Needs are all related to our desire for power. Needs are something we learn from our culture.

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work? Multiple choice question. Expectancy Instrumentality Organizational justice Hierarchy of needs

Organizational justice

Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe? Multiple choice question. Psychological Physiological Safety Self-actualization

Physiological

What types of justice are the components of organizational justice? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Relational Procedural Interactional Distributive

Procedural Interactional Distributive

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act? Multiple choice question. Need perspectives Process perspectives Hierarchy perspectives Bias perspectives

Process perspectives

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act? Multiple choice question. Process perspectives Hierarchy perspectives Bias perspectives Need perspectives

Process perspectives

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. They are designed to meet employee, not company, needs. They are agreed on by both employees and managers. They link rewards to performance. They involve generally unattainable stretch goals.

They are agreed on by both employees and managers. They link rewards to performance.

[What are three types of learning opportunities? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Studying co-workers Learning and development Incentive compensation Tuition reimbursement

Studying co-workers Learning and development Tuition reimbursement

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation? Multiple choice question. Two-factor theory Acquired needs theory Hierarchy of needs theory Self-determination theory

Two-factor theory

Which are elements of self-motivation in the career readiness model? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Needing regular instruction and praise Working consistently on personal development Establishing good work habits Maintaining focus on organizational goals

Working consistently on personal development Establishing good work habits Maintaining focus on organizational goals

In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of ______. Multiple choice question. comparisons outputs motivations inputs

inputs

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs? Multiple choice question. Competence, autonomy and relatedness Hygiene factors, motivators, and expectancy Self-actualization, esteem, and safety Achievement, power, and affiliation

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Core job characteristics Instrumentality Psychological states Work outcomes

Core job characteristics Psychological states Work outcomes

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Employees can only handle a limited number of tasks. Employees are underutilized. Employees will eventually adapt to their positions. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

Employees are underutilized. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes? Multiple choice question. Reinforcement theory Job characteristics model Expectancy theory Pay for knowledge

Job characteristics model

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Job equalization Job enrichment Job enlargement Job elimination

Job enrichment Job enlargement

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory. Multiple choice question. Maslow's hierarchy of needs McClelland's acquired needs Alderfer's ERG Vroom's expectancy

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Raise employee productivity Increase employee efficiency Design jobs to be less repetitive Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs

Raise employee productivity Increase employee efficiency Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs

The fact that research shows that 25% of workers are burned out, and 44% more are burned out occasionally suggests that workers are neglecting what? Multiple choice question. Practicing self-direction Maintaining consistent focus Recharging each day Meeting goals each day

Recharging each day

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______. Multiple choice question. original measurable complex percentage-based

measurable

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______. Multiple choice question. percentage-based original complex measurable

measurable

Pay for performance, basing pay on one's results, is also known as ______ pay. Multiple choice question. bonus profit gainsharing merit

merit

Pay for performance, basing pay on one's results, is also known as ______ pay. Multiple choice question. profit merit gainsharing bonus

merit

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______. Multiple choice question. challenge focus modification consequence

modification

Contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want ______. Multiple choice question. autonomy and trust personal and psychological development motivation and job satisfaction task identity and significance

personal and psychological development

A pay-for-performance plan in which employees are paid according to their productivity is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. commission gainsharing profit sharing piece rate

piece rate

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Fairness Dissonance Justice Motivation

Fairness Justice

In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of ______. Multiple choice question. outputs inputs comparisons motivations

inputs

Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Positive reinforcement Extinction Punishment Negative reinforcement

Extinction Punishment

True or false: Money is the best motivator. True false question. True False

False

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Give rewards as soon as possible. Be clear about what behavior is desired. Combine punishment and positive reinforcement. Administer punishment in private.

Give rewards as soon as possible. Be clear about what behavior is desired.

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs? Multiple choice question. Goal-setting theory Expectancy theory Alderfer's ERG theory Equity theory

Goal-setting theory

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors? Multiple choice question. House's path-goal model Herzberg's two-factor theory Alderfer's ERG theory Malsow's hierarchy of needs

Herzberg's two-factor theory

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______. Multiple choice question. gainsharing onboarding dissonance reinforcement

reinforcement

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Equity theory Hierarchy of needs theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory

Equity theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas? Multiple choice question. Employees accept that they will be treated unfairly in the workplace. Employees are incapable of resolving feelings of injustice. Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______. Multiple choice question. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Alderfer's ERG theory Vroom's expectancy theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

McClelland's acquired needs theory

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______. Multiple choice question. Vroom's expectancy theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Alderfer's ERG theory

McClelland's acquired needs theory

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Vroom's expectancy theory

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

What are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Meaningfulness of work Responsibility for work outcomes Low absenteeism and turnover Knowledge of actual results of the work

Meaningfulness of work Responsibility for work outcomes Knowledge of actual results of the work

Which statements about motivation are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Motivation is easy to see in another person. Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. Because motivation comes from within, it cannot be understood.

Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

Louisa is a real estate salesperson. When she sells a house, she earns a sales ______ equal to 6 percent of the sales price of the house. Multiple choice question. quota commission profit sharing call

commission

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______. Multiple choice question. job design punishment hierarchy status theory

job design

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs? Multiple choice question. Alderfer's ERG theory Goal-setting theory Expectancy theory Equity theory

Goal-setting theory

What is the first step in developing career readiness? Multiple choice question. Identify your most important long-term goal. Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal. Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals. Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal.

Identify your most important long-term goal.

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation? Multiple choice question. Expectancy theory Reinforcement theory Acquired needs theory Equity theory

Reinforcement theory

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. reimbursement human capital worker skill employee development

human capital

Elaine surpassed her sales goal and earned a small cash award for her strong performance. This is an example of a ______. Multiple choice question. pay for performance program bonus program profit-sharing program pay for knowledge program

bonus program

Cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives are called ______. Multiple choice question. bonuses profit sharing salaries stock options

bonuses

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs. Multiple choice question. analysis management design enrichment

management

Sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales in the form of a ______. Multiple choice question. sales commission stock option bonus benefit

sales commission

One survey found that about half of U.S. adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant ______. Multiple choice question. having more flexible hours and days off working fewer hours getting a promotion working at a job they found meaningful

working at a job they found meaningful

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation? Multiple choice question. Justice Goal-setting Behavioral Expectancy

Expectancy

How does McClelland view needs? Multiple choice question. We are born with needs. Needs are all related to our desire for power. Needs are something we learn from our culture. Needs must be satisfied in order, beginning with safety needs.

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______. Multiple choice question. modification focus consequence challenge

modification

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory. Multiple choice question. hierarchy of needs two-factor self-determination acquired needs

self-determination

What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work? Multiple choice question. Expectancy Hierarchy of needs Organizational justice Instrumentality

Organizational justice

Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe? Multiple choice question. Self-actualization Safety Psychological Physiological

Physiological