MGT exam 3

A group is a collection of individuals who interact with each other to achieve common goals.

6. In organizations, what is a group?

Formal leaders hold a position of authority, and informal leaders influence others throughout personal forms of power.

1. What is the difference between formal and informal leaders?

People in the group might not speak their opinion because they don't wanna go against the group

11. In what ways can a group be too cohesive?

Collective efficacy- a group's perception of their ability to perform well

12. What is collective efficacy and how is it different from group cohesion?

Not working as hard because you're in a group.

13. What is social loafing? When is it likely to happen?

A particular type of people grouped together to achieve joint goal-team a group is people who interact with each-other to achieve common goals.

14. What is a team and what is the relationship between groups and teams?

Idea generating tasks, problem solving tasks, production tasks

15. What are some types of team tasks? Can one team do different types of tasks?

Pooled Sequential Reciprocal

16. What are three forms of team task interdependence?

Benefits- easier to meet and can get expertise Challenges- no clear communication and hard to build trust

17. What are the benefits and challenges of virtual teams?

Norms- shared expectations on how things operate inside the team Contracts- established ground rules/goals/roles

18. What are team norms and team contracts? Give some examples of team norms. Give some examples of what you might include in a team contract.

Make a agenda before- times

19. What are some steps that managers take to run effective meetings?

• . Trait- characteristics of a person can make them a leader or a follower • behavioral - unique behaviors shown by leaders • contingency - the leader works best if their characteristics match the characteristic of the situation at hand (Fielders)

2. What are the main differences between trait, behavioral and contingency approaches of leadership?

Situational leadership is used when assigning employees work and making them better employees, while fielders contingency theory is used to pick a leader for a specific situation.

2. What is a key difference between Fielder's Contingency theory and Situational Leadership theory?

Establish Standards -Measure performance -Compare performance to standards -Take corrective action when needed

20. What are the four steps of organizational control?

Costs: financial, culture, reputation w investors or government, time, poor implementation.

21. List a few costs and benefits to having organizational controls.

feedforward, concurrent, feedback.

22. Distinguish the three types of organizational controls and give an example of each:

-outcome is measurable and tangible -behavioral is steering the actions of individuals

23. Differentiate between outcome and behavioral controls.

Balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement

24. What are three common reports used as financial controls?

Not using them, not linking to strategy, setting poor targets, measurement failure

25. What are at least three core principles of LEAN control?

Define value from customer perspective Describe value stream for each Create flow in each value stream

26. What are at least three core principles of LEAN control?

-transportation-inventory-movement-waiting-overproduction-over processing-defects

27. What does TIM WOOD stand for in terms of seven wastes (part of lean controls)?

The Japanese word for waste (1over production,2inventory,3waiting,4motivation,5transportation,6rework,7over processing)

28. What is muda?

Japanese for conscious improvement- philosophy that everything we do can be done a little better and we should strive for that.

29. What is kaizen?

• Situational Leadership theory • Initiating structure and Consideration (aka task and people orientation) • Fiedler's Contingency theory • Leader-Member Exchange theory • Great Man theory • Transformational Leadership theory

3. How would you classify each of these theories into the following: Trait approach, Behavioral approach, Contingency approach, Contemporary approach.

M.I.C.S -MOTIVATION,INFLUENCE,CONSIDERATION,STIMULATION Inspirational Motivation- Use of charisma, Attractive vision of the future Idealized Influence- Sacrificing for the good of the group, Being a role model with high ethical standards- Individualized Consideration Pay special attention to needs of followers, Find ways for people to develop and grow Intellectual Stimulation- Encourage creativity, innovation, and problem-solving

4. What are the four key behaviors of Transformational Leadership?

Formal- 2+ individuals who are associated with one another in ways prescribed by the formal organization -Informal- 2+ individuals who are associated with one another in ways NOT prescribed by the formal organization.

7. What are the differences between formal and informal groups?

Forming- Storming- Norming- Performing- Adjourning-

8. What are the Tuckman stages of group development and what are some of the characteristics of the group at each stage?

Periods of stability ______ periods of change ------

9. What is punctuated equilibrium and how does this view of groups differ from the Tuckman stages?