MGT Final Quizz
The knowledge workers you have hired over the past three to five years have added value to your company because of what they know. However, they present special challenges. Which of the following statements is true for you as an employer? A. You need to allow these staff members to work autonomously and to recognize that they measure their performance in comparison to others in their profession. B. Even without investing in updating their skills, it will take about three years to gain any competitive advantage from hiring these people. C. You can count on these workers to have enough pride in their output that they will seek their own continuing education to stay current in their field. D. You must create a structured chain of command for these staff members so that they can feel comfortable with the reporting relationships.
A. You need to allow these staff members to work autonomously and to recognize that they measure their performance in comparison to others in their profession.
Which approach to performance management identifies financial and nonfinancial performance measures and organizes them into a single model? A. a balanced scorecard B. 360-degree feedback C. the human relations approach D. the two-factor theory
A. a balanced scorecard
What term refers to the match between an individual and her supervisor and coworkers? A. a person-group fit B. a person-vocation fit C. a person-organization fit D. a person-job fit
A. a person-group fit
What term refers to a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions? A. affectivity B. burnout C. personality D. intelligence
A. affectivity
Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic group performance factors? A. cooperation B. cohesiveness C. informal leadership D. composition
A. cooperation
What term refers to the performance improvements that occur because people work together rather than independently? A. process gain B. team efficacy C. process loss D. cohesiveness
A. process gain
Edward is resisting change in his accounting firm because the new rules say he isn't able to hire seasonal tax preparers anymore. What is this source of resistance? A.resource allocation B. threatened power C. narrow focus of change D. overdetermination
A. resource allocation
The Delphi technique is a method that allows people to A. systematically gather the judgments of experts to develop forecasts B. see differences among situations, phenomena, or events C. generate ideas and then discuss them and vote until reaching consensus D. analyze the benefits of situations, phenomena, or events
A. systematically gather the judgments of experts to develop forecasts
Which upward influence style emphasizes reason and uses an average amount of influence? A. tactician B. shotgun C. bystander D. ingratiator
A. tactician
When might a company best choose to use an extended work schedule? A. The employees are strongly committed to the firm. B. There's a high cost of transitioning between employees. C. The employees need the time to master difficult tasks. D. It allows for a larger and more diversified workforce.
B. There's a high cost of transitioning between employees.
Conciliation, mediation, and arbitration all share the following, except A. They all require each of the parties to share their sought after resolutions. B. They all result in binding settlement agreements. C. They all use independent third parties to facilitate conflict resolution. D. They all are alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.
B. They all result in binding settlement agreements.
Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals who have a high need for achievement, according to the acquired needs framework? A. They set overly challenging goals and like to take on high risk levels. B. They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance. C. They are able to work hard and then set work aside to play hard. D. They are able to delegate in order to make the best use of their own time.
B. They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance.
In which alternative dispute resolution method does the third party have the authority to impose a settlement on the parties? A. conciliation B. arbitration C. mediation D. ombudsman
B. arbitration
The process of selecting and managing aspects of organizational structure and culture to enable the organization to achieve its goals is called organizational: A. centralization B. design C. span of control D. formalization
B. design
What type of communication occurs when top-level executives in an organization seek feedback from white-collar employees at all levels of the organization? A. horizontal communication B. diagonal communication C. downward communication D. upward communication
B. diagonal communication
Creating smaller units within a larger organization can increase which of the following benefits? A. lower costs B. flexibility C. economies of scale D. coordination
B. flexibility
Which of the following is an early perspective on motivation that suggested fostering a false sense of employees' inclusion in decision making would boost job performance? A. human resource approach B. human relations approach C. scientific management D. Frederick Taylor's approach
B. human relations approach
If you decide to take a break and go for a hike in order to focus less consciously on the creative process, which stage in the creative process are you experiencing? A. verification B. incubation C. insight D. preparation
B. incubation
The manner in which individuals organize facts and data during learning is known as _______________. A. general mental ability B. information processing capacity C. sensory modality D. emotional intelligence
B. information processing capacity
A high level of job satisfaction, greater task motivation, and better social integration at work all tend to be traits associated with _________. A. external locus of control B. internal locus of control C. introversion D. extraversion
B. internal locus of control
A large organization with many layers of authority and a strong bureaucracy has allowed the culture to become one in which information is withheld and employees withdraw from conflict. What type of conflict culture exists? A.avoidant B. passive-aggressive C. dominating D. collaborative
B. passive-aggressive
At what phase of team implementation is performance usually above prior levels? A. phase three B. phase four C. phase one D. phase two
B. phase four
Which of the following are NOT a method companies use to improve job design? A. introducing a wider variety of tasks B. raising pay for most standardized jobs C. shifting employees from one job to another D. giving employees more control over tasks
B. raising pay for most standardized jobs
Which of the following are "growth needs" in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. security and belonging B. self-actualization and esteem C. esteem and security D. physiological and security
B. self-actualization and esteem
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic reasons for the rise in the volume of international business? A. a need to control labor costs by moving operations overseas B. the ease with which companies can obtain financing C. advances in communication and transportation technologies D. a desire to keep pace with competitors gaining market share
B. the ease with which companies can obtain financing
Assume a team is comprised of a marketing professional, a materials specialist, a manufacturing representative, a product safety specialist, an advertising director, and a legal advisor. What type of diversity is represented by this group? A. disparity diversity B. variety diversity C. separation diversity D. generational diversity
B. variety diversity
Effective management can increase which desirable employee behavior? A.asking for raises B.identifying with the company C.qualifying for year end bonuses D.working only on specific tasks delineated in the job description
B.identifying with the company
Which of the following is true about media richness? A. The more concrete and specific the message, the higher the level of richness that is needed. B. Videoconferences are a good way to save travel time and expense during negotiations. C. Media that are low in a number of cues and language variety are low in richness. D. Immediate feedback reduces richness by promoting irrelevant and tangential commenting
C. Media that are low in number of cues and language variety are low in richness.
Which of the following is true about organizational change? A. Resistance may come from the organization, but not the individual B. People and organizations resist change due to decreased uncertainty C. Overdetermination is an organizational source of resistance to change D. Resistance to change is a situation that needs to be overcome
C. Overdetermination is an organizational source of resistance to change
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions? A. Compare one's own circumstances with those of a comparison-other. B. Form a perception of how a comparison-other is being treated. C. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs. D. Evaluate how one is being treated by and organization.
C. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.
Daisy works as a receptionist. She is happy with her wages, enjoys her co-workers and her boss, she feels little stress, and she feels she can complete all of her tasks proficiently. Unfortunately, Daisy feels unfulfilled and hopes to get a different job soon. Which of the following does Daisy lack? A. a person-group fit B. a person-job fit C. a person-vocation fit D. a person-organization fit
C. a person-vocation fit
Sam needs to decide whether to promote a new casual wear line of clothing. Sam knows his company's ad campaign will result in earning profits of $650,000. Sam also knows if he doesn't run the ad campaign, the company will only earn $200,000. What type of condition is he operating under? A.condition of certainty B. condition of uncertainty C. condition of risk D. condition of suboptimizing
C. condition of risk
Nonprogrammed decisions require managers to use good judgment and A. decision rules B. procedures C. creativity D. clear and specific goals
C. creativity
Which of the following factors is associated with a high level of group cohesiveness? A. Individualism B. recent composition C. external threats D. large group size
C. external threats
W. Edwards Deming believed removing __________ from the workplace ultimately improves performance. A. diversity B. hierarchy C. fear D. competition
C. fear
Relationships with coworkers, bosses, and others we know because of the roles we hold are known as A. intranets B. diagonal ties C. formal ties D. informal ties
C. formal ties
For a multinational organization, which type of structure is best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed? A. regional headquarters B. global area division C. global transnational division D. global product division
C. global transnational division
Which term refers to the encoded information of the communication process? A. decoding B. feedback C. message D. channel
C. message
What term refers to feeling obliged to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons? A. affective commitment B. legal commitment C. normative commitment D. continuance commitment
C. normative commitment
When we attribute our own perceptions to others, we engage in ______________. A. a self-fulfilling prophecy B. attribution C. projection D. self-handicapping
C. projection
Which of the following barriers to communication is an example of selective perception? A. a message isn't decoded the way the sender intended it B. information is intentionally withheld, ignored, or distorted C. the message is seen and heard based on expectations D. something blocks, distorts, or changes the message
C. the message is seen and heard based on expectations
Herzberg's two-factor theory identifies motivating factors for business organizations. Which of the following is a hygiene factor that management could control so that employees aren't dissatisfied with their jobs? A. recognition B. advancement C. working conditions D. responsibility
C. working conditions
Which of the following best demonstrates an effective utilization of a manager's diagnostic skills when dealing with people? A. Sue must determine whether to close Gus and Robert's department and to form a new department for innovative product line development. B. Sue needs Gus and Robert to work extra hours this weekend. Since Gus likes buying new "luxury" items, she stresses the extra money he will make when asking him to work. Since Robert values being part of a team, she stresses that this will help everyone in the department if he will work the extra hours. C.Sue believes Gus is underperforming due to his sleep habits rather than his skills and job competencies. Sue changes his schedule from 7 AM - 3:30 PM and lets him work 9 AM to 5:30 PM. His performance improves.
C.Sue believes Gus is underperforming due to his sleep habits rather than his skills and job competencies. Sue changes his schedule from 7 AM - 3:30 PM and lets him work 9 AM to 5:30 PM. His performance improves
Which of the following statements is true about the importance of organizational culture? A. A strong culture is always desirable. B. Culture should emphasize results and growth. C. A good business strategy will override corporate culture. D. Culture can give competitive advantages.
D. Culture can give competitive advantages.
Michael Porter says that companies gain a competitive advantage by giving customers A. a product with the highest possible quality B.excellent customer service C. a feeling of brand loyalty D. a superior value for their money
D. a superior value for their money
Which term describes a business that is living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity? A. global perspectives B. long-term values C. collectivism D. corporate social responsibility
D. corporate social responsibility
What term refers to drawing a general impression that the outcomes of promotions, hiring, firing, and raises were fair and equitable? A. organizational fairness B. interactional fairness C. procedural fairness D. distributive fairness
D. distributive fairness
Power held due to the position of authority is called __________ power. A. referent B. expert C. informational D. legitimate
D. legitimate
Which of the following involves an impartial third party who facilitates a discussion using persuasion and logic, establishes each side's priorities, and suggests a settlement that does not have to be accepted? A. arbitration B. dictation C. conciliation D. mediation
D. mediation
Amber finds herself in a discussion about sports and current events in a group meeting. Everyone else joins in because they want to understand more about each other and to share opinions. In which state of group development is this most likely to occur? A. communication and decision making B. motivation and productivity C. control and organization D. mutual acceptance
D. mutual acceptance
What concept related to the Hawthorne effective is important for managers to understand. A.it explains the effects of dehumanizing work environments B. there is a direct correlation between employee job satisfaction and job performance C. workers perform better with bright light than when lights are dim D. people improve performance when they know they are being assessed
D. people improve performance when they know they are being assessed
According to the prospect theory, people are more strongly motivated by ____________, than ______________. A. potential gains, potential losses B. ethics, potential losses C. personal gains, ethics D. potential losses, potential gains
D. potential losses, potential gains
Karen, the department manager, realizes that Bill is missing from work and didn't call in sick. She assumes something beyond Bill's control must have happened. This belief is an example of _____________. A. stereotyping B. contrast effect C. halo effect D. selective perception
D. selective perception
Which dimension of task-specific self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished? A. performance B. generality C. magnitude D. strength
D. strength
The manner by which task reporting and authority relationships interact as a system determines an organization's: A. strategy B. hierarchy C. division of labor D. structure
D. structure
Implementation of teams is a five-phase process. At one phase in the process, there is a danger that a team will become so internally focused that it may stop communicating with other teams or even develop rivalries with other teams. At which step is this likely to occur? A. leader-centered B. start-up C. reality and unrest D. tightly formed
D. tightly formed