MGT301 Exam 3 Review

Karen was surprised when her friend said that the man at the first table in the restaurant must be a great basketball player just because he was tall and African American. Karen's friend was making a _____.

stereotype

Developing a systematic, comprehensive strategy for understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs is referred to as ____ human resource planning.

strategic

Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a(n) _____.

stressor

Which of the following are common ways that employees express burnout?

- Showing indifference to performance - Taking longer lunch breaks - Missed deadlines

Which of the following is not legal as the basis for hiring and promotion decisions?

- Skin color - Gender - Religion

What are three types of learning opportunities?

- Studying co-workers - Tuition reimbursement - Learning and development

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans?

- They are agreed on by both employees and managers. - They link rewards to performance.

Many employers are wary of giving references for which of the following reasons?

- They fear that if they give a positive reference for someone who doesn't work out in a new job, they may be sued by that person's new employer. - They fear that negative reviews may result in former employees suing the company.

What are the types of employee behavior that managers can influence?

- Turnover and absenteeism - Counterproductive work behaviors - Performance and productivity - Organizational citizenship behavior

Which assumption about the U.S. workforce is true?

- Young college graduates are earning less than they used to.

Which terms describe good performance expectations?

- achievable - specific

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?

- competency - esteem - safety

Which two of the following are concerns that a manager should consider when an employee is promoted?

- fairness - nondiscrimination

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following?

- justice - fairness

Which traits are elements of an individual's core self-evaluation?

- locus of control - emotional stability - self-esteem - self-efficacy

Emotional intelligence reflects the ability to: (select all that apply)

- monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions - carry out accurate reasoning about emotions - use emotions and emotional knowledge to enhance thought

What are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business?

- the marketplace is becoming more segmented - competitors offering specialized solution require us to get our products to market faster - some companies are unable to survive disruptive innovation - offshore suppliers are changing the way we work - knowledge, not information, is becoming the new competitive advantage

A set of interdependent processes and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______.

innovation system

Michele had been working as an executive assistant to the president for nearly 25 years, so when she retired, no one had a good idea of all that her job entailed. Before Michele retired, Sharon sat with her for two weeks to observe her duties and ask her to explain all the functions she performs as executive assistant to the president. Sharon was performing a(n)

job analysis

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?

job characteristics model

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______.

job design

Workplace stress diminishes all of the following except...

job turnover

Which of the following is an inside force for change?

low productivity and turnover

At Toys 4 Tiny Tots, employees know that during the December shopping season they are often required to work different schedules, weekends, and overtime. The December work schedules at Toys 4 Tiny Tots is an example of a(n) ________ change because workers have experienced it in the past. (They experience it every December.)

Adaptive

Match the element of compensation with its description. (Benefits)

Additional nonmonetary forms of compensation such as health insurance, vacation and retirement plans

Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?

Complete an emotional intelligence assessment

The first step in the unionization process is to have workers sign _______ which designate a certain union as the workers' bargaining agent.

authorization cards

Jorge is a customer service associate in an upscale supermarket. The monetary payment he receives in exchange for performing his job is referred to as _______.

base pay

People's values and attitudes affect their workplace _____, which includes their actions and judgments.

behavior

Insurance, retirement plans, health club memberships, and education reimbursement are just a few examples of compensation in the form of _____.

benefits

Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called _____.

buffers

Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce

cognitive dissonance

The process through which the union and management negotiate pay, benefits and other work terms is _____.

collective bargaining

True or false: Money is the best motivator.

false: praise and other non-monetary rewards can be even more motivating

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement?

- Be clear about what behavior is desired. - Give rewards as soon as possible.

Identify the items that are included in negotiations between management and employees while they are engaged in collective bargaining.

- Employee benefits - Job security - Employee compensation - Working conditions

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas?

- Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. - Employees are underutilized.

Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation?

- Establish the required structure and processes - Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures - Get commitment from top managers - Create an innovation strategy

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?

- Herzberg's two-factor theory - Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory - McClelland's acquired needs theory

Which of the following are characteristics of a Type A behavior pattern?

- Hurried - Deadline-focused - Competitive

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do?

- Increase employee efficiency - Raise employee productivity - Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs

Which of the following are true about a self-affirmation?

- It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals - It is way of getting rid of negative thoughts

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people?

- Job enrichment - Job enlargement

According to the Pew Research Center, which statement is accurate regarding predicted trends in the United States during the next few decades?

- More women will continue to be hired for top leadership jobs.

Which statements about motivation are true?

- Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. - Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.

Place the steps in the OD process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the final step listed at the bottom.

1. Diagnosis 2. Intervention 3. Evaluation 4. Feedback

What are the three parts of a systems model of change?

1. Inputs 2. Target elements of change 3. Outputs

Place the steps in the perceptual process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom.

1. Selective attention 2. Interpretation and evaluation 3. Storing in memory 4. Retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions

What are the stages of the Lewin model for change?

1. Unfreezing 2. Changing 3. Refreezing

Research shows that performance declines about ______ percent of the time after receiving feedback.

38

In which step of the learning and development process does the employer identify if there are gaps in what new employees need to know and if those gaps can be filled by learning and development?

Assessment

Maria, a senior product manager at Impasse Software, recently retired. Since sales of Maria's primary products have been declining for years, the human resource manager decides not to replace her and instead reassigns all of her subordinates to different departments. What is this an example of?

Attrition

After you identify a long-term goal, what is the second step in developing career readiness?

Break your long-term goal into several short-term goals.

Match the type of dismissal with its description. (Firing)

Permanent dismissal for cause

Match the type of dismissal with its description. (Downsizing)

Permanent dismissal, often related to a company-wide reorganization

After tasks on a to-do list are prioritized, what is the next step in developing career readiness?

Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal.

Match the stage of Lewin's Change Model with its description. (Unfreezing)

Creating the motivation to change

Being placed on suspension or temporary leave as a consequence of poor performance is an example of which human resource management action?

Discipline

_____ is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.

Employee engagement

Which of the following is responsible for the enforcement of antidiscrimination and other employment-related laws?

Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Commission

_____ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, and/or behavior are superior to those of another culture.

Ethnocentrism

Which law established a minimum wage for workers, set limits for child labor, and established overtime pay?

Fair Labor Standards Act

Which piece of legislation first established the U.S. federal minimum wage?

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

True/False Integrity tests are ineffective because dishonest people are able to fake conscientiousness, even on a paper-and-pencil test

False

True/False The glass ceiling is a concept that applies to women, but not to minorities

False

A company that evaluates its long-haul truck drivers based on miles driven over the past 12 months is using subjective appraisal.

False... objective

What is the modern way of designing jobs?

Fitting jobs to people

____ is the purpose of the strategic human resource process

Getting optimal work performance to help realize the company's mission and vision

Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe?

Physiological

Which of the following is an effective way to deal with change and innovation?

Have the courage to follow your ideas

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers. (Feedback)

How can the diagnosis be further refined?

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers. (Evaluation)

How well has the intervention worked?

What is the first step in developing career readiness?

Identify your most important long-term goal.

Match the element of compensation with its description. (Incentives)

Inducements to attract and retain top performers or induce employees to be more productive

Northstar Insurance is about to begin using a program that will change the way its adjusters settle insurance claims. Adjusters will be able to complete an adjustment and issue a check right at the scene of the accident. Although employees are uncertain that the new system will work, other insurance agencies have been successful with this approach. At Northstar Insurance, the new program represents ________ change.

Innovative

____ change introduces a new practice to an organization but one that is not new to the industry

Innovative

Carol is in charge of a meeting to decide what the company should do about the new sales people who don't know how to follow-up with former clients. Which stage of the organizational development process is Carol participating in?

Intervention

Match the stage of Lewin's Change Model with its description. (Changing)

Introducing new information, perspectives, and models of behavior

What is the intended benefit of the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal?

It encourages managers to reward top performers and discipline poor performers.

What is the best method to avoid becoming defensive when receiving feedback?

Let the speaker finish and ask questions afterward.

Match the element of compensation with its description. (wage or salary)

Monetary payments to employees in exchange for doing their jobs

How does McClelland view needs?`

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

Match the type of stressor with its description. (Distress)

Negative stress that can cause anxiety and illness

Which of the following is NOT part of the strategic human resource management process?

Negotiate employment contracts

Which legislative act was passed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees?

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Match the type of stressor with its description. (Eustress)

Positive stress that can stimulate better coping and adaptation

After the creation of a "to-do" list for accomplishing short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?

Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal.

Match the type of stressor with its description. (Hassles)

Simple irritants, such as misplacing things or being overworked

Match the type of stressor with its description. (Strong stressors)

Situations that can dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt, such as frequent migraine headaches

Match the type of reinforcement with its description. (negative reinforcement)

Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative

Which statement about organizational development is true?

Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions.

Match the type of stressor with its description. (Crises)

Sudden occasions of terror, such as a tornado or fire

Match the stage of Lewin's Change Model with its description. (Refreezing)

Supporting and reinforcing the new behavior

Match the type of dismissal with its description. (Layoff)

Temporary dismissal from an organization, likely due to economic conditions

Match the Big Five personality dimension with its description. (Conscientiousness)

The extent to which a person is dependable, reliable, and responsible

Match the Big Five personality dimension with its description. (Openness to experience)

The extent to which a person is imaginative , curious, and broad-minded

Match the Big Five personality dimension with its description. (Extraversion)

The extent to which a person is outgoing, sociable and assertie

Match the Big Five personality dimension with its description. (Emotional stability)

The extent to which a person is relaxed, secure, and unworried

Match the Big Five personality dimension with its description. (Agreeableness)

The extent to which a person is trusting, cooperative, and good-natured

What is organizational commitment?

The extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

Which of the following is not one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

Tolerance for ambiguity

True/False Adaptive change is the least threatening type of change and is therefore least likely to create resistance

True

True/False An example of a self-fulfilling prophecy is a server who expects some poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers, who therefore gives them poor service, and so gets the result he expected - a much lower tip than usual

True

True/False Innovation is mostly the product of hard work and dedication

True

True/False Personality test data should be supplemented with information from reference checks, personal interviews, ability tests, and job performance records when hiring.

True

True/False The Family and Medical Leave Act requires employers to provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave for medical and family reasons, including for childbirth, adoption, or family emergency

True

True/False The market place is becoming less homogeneous and moving toward more niche products

True

True/False Those who have a Type A behavior pattern are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time

True

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?

Two-factor theory

Studies exploring nurses' perceptions about using PDAs in their daily patient practice found initial resistance, with some nurses concerned about the cost and short technological life cycle of these devices. As part of the ________ stage of change, the nurses' managers try to instill in them the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to innovation.

Unfreezing

Match the type of reinforcement with its description. (positive reinforcement)

Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior

Match the type of reinforcement with its description. (Extinction)

Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced

Match the type of reinforcement with its description. (Punishment)

Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers. (Diagnosis)

What is the problem?

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers. (Intervention)

What should we do about it?

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires organizations to provide a reasonable _____ for individuals with disabilities in the workplace.

accommodation

Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened?

adaptive change

A learned predisposition toward a given object is a(n)

attitude

Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization.

conflict

Your to-do list for achieving short-term goals should identify the ______.

daily tasks you need to complete

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______.

development

It is important to Jan to have a work team that consists of a variety of people from different backgrounds. She wants people from different religions, of different ages, and with a variety of job skills. Jan is concerned with having _____.

diversity

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization?

education

The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as _____.

emotional intelligence

Jenna loves her job. She is known as the "cheerleader" of the department because she is enthusiastic about every project and highly focused. Jenna displays employee _____.

engagement

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?

expectancy

Julio really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply to share stories with other interesting people. Julio probably scores high in

extroversion

True or false: The term "diversity" is synonymous with differences.

false - diversity encompasses both differences and similarities, and managers need to manage both simultaneously

Self-compassion is best described as ______.

gentleness with yourself

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?

goal-setting theory (SMART goals)

A(n) ____ is a complaint by an employee that management has violated the terms of the labor-management agreement.

grievance

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______.

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______.

human capital

_____ management refers to the activities related to planning for, attracting, developing and retaining an effective workforce.

human resource

Samantha is employed as a sales engineer in a large medical products firm. The _______ of her job include commission on the sales she generates, quarterly performance bonuses, and stock options.

incentives

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.

needs

Innovations must be ______.

novel

Performance appraisals that are based on facts and are often numerical are referred to as _______ appraisals.

objective

Yuki was just hired as a financial analyst and will spend the next two weeks learning company policies, procedures, and culture with other new hires. This type of process is known as ______, or employee socialization.

onboarding

What interdisciplinary field is dedicated to understanding and management of people at work?

organizational behavior

Helping a new employee to learn the ropes of the organization and fit easily into the new job is known as ______.

orientation

The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called ______.

perception

A _____ consists of assessing an employee's performance and providing him or her with appropriate feedback.

performance appraisal

The continuous cycle of improving job performance through defining performance, monitoring and evaluating performance, reviewing performance, and providing consequences is known as _____.

performance management

Matt is one of those consistently upbeat, optimistic people. He always looks on the bright side of things and sees the glass as half-full, rather than half-empty. These characteristics describe Matt's _____.

personality

The stable behavioral and psychological characteristics responsible for a person's identity are known as _____.

personality

What is the willingness to accept constructive criticism, try and propose new ideas, and maintain a good attitude called?

positive approach

Organizational behavior is a field of study that explains and ______ behavior.

predicts

An employee transfer within an organization is thought of as moving ______, because the employee is moving to a position of similar responsibility.

sideways

Walmart's implementation of RFID, a type of technology that allows it to improve inventory tracy, is an example of a(n) ____ change because Walmart already had a very effective technology tracking system in place before it implemented RFID

proactive

A managerial innovation that improves the efficiency of a company's cross-functional teams would be considered a ____ innovation

process

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?

process perspectives

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called ______ innovation.

product

____ change is made in response to arising problems or opportunities. BP's response to an explosion on a drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico is an example of this kind of change

reactive

The process of locating and attracting qualified applicants either outside or inside an organization for jobs open in the organization is called _____.

recruiting

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

reinforcement theory

When working on your plan, it is important to ______.

remain flexible

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______.

resistance to change

_____ is an emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine

resistance to change

Reactive change is change that ______.

responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

The extent to which you feel positive or negative about various aspects of your work is called job ______.

satisfaction

Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______.

self-affirmations

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.

self-determination

Liam knew that everyone else thought he was lazy and incompetent, so rather than tell his work team about an idea, he just let them do all of the work. As a result, his coworkers continued to feel he was lazy and incompetent. What does Liam's behavior demonstrate?

self-fulfilling prophecy

The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is called what?

self-management

True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.

true

In considering the staffing an organization might need in the future, human resource managers should

understand the organization's vision and strategy in order to hire personnel to support them

A labor ____, is an organization of employees formed to protect and advance members' interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues.

union

When Max was hired to work in the warehouse of the automobile manufacturing facility, he was told that while he didn't have to join the union immediately, he would have to join within the first eight weeks of his employment. Which type of workplace labor agreement does this exemplify?

union shop

Jessica believes she should be concerned for the welfare of others. This belief is an example of a ______.

value