MHISTORY TEST 3 4/24

Which publication established the foundations of tonal theory?

Traite de l'harmonie

In a comic opera in the late 1700s, an act would most likely end with

All Characters on stage, singing together

What is the most common structure in the first movement of the sonata by Domenico Scarlatti?

Balanced Binary

J. S. Bach and other composers sometimes incorporate his last name into musical compositions. Which German designations for notes spell B-A-C-H?

Bb-A-C-B natural

Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments was written by

C.P.E. Bach

Which composer was known for writing in the empfindsam style?

CPE Bach

What accounts for the large output of many eighteenth-century composers?

Constant demand for new music

Who was not a leading vocal composer in Italy?

Corelli

Which of the following musicians did not participate in early eighteenth-century opera?

Couperin

Who invented the pianoforte?

Cristofori

Bach learned composition primarily by copying or arranging the music of other composers. t or f

True

Bach's cantatas were usually performed by a small ensemble. T or F

True

Composers in the 1700s continued and expanded established genres and traditions. t or f

True

Handel's most important patrons were the British monarchs. T or F

True

Metrical psalm-singing was one of the central musical elements in Calvinist worship in New England. t or f

True

T or f in the 1700s women often were accomplished pianists

True

The Moravians imported current musical styles from Europe and used a variety of instruments in their church services. t or f

True

Vivaldi, Couperin, and Rameau all composed works that could be considered character pieces.

True

Handel invented which genre?

English Orotorio

Bach's music was popular and well-known during his lifetime. T or F

False

Couperin composed only instrumental music. t or f

False

Many aristocrats in eighteenth-century Germany performed music but did not compose it.

False

The musical language of Alessandro Scarlatti became the basis of Rameau's rules of functional tonality T or F

False

The orchestra known as the "army of generals" was based in Paris. t or f

False

Bach's harpsichord suites show the influence of which national traditions?

French, Italian and German

Leading composers in Europe in the eighteenth century came from which lands?

German Speaking

What is one reason that Singspiel became an important genre in Germany?

German playwrights translated and adapted English Ballad operas into German

Introductory essay on composition was written by...

H.C. Koch

Where did Domenico Scarlatti spend most of his working life?

Iberian Peninsula (Spanish)

Which composer did NOT write opera?

J.S. Bach

Couperin tried to synthesize which of the following composers' styles?

Lully and Corelli

Collections of keyboard music by D'Anglebert, Couperin, and others often contain tables that show performers

Various methods of notating ornaments and options for performing them

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of Italian comic opera in the mid-1700s?

complex harmonies

Which best describes the political situation of eighteenth-century Europe?

dominated by centralized states with large militaries Correct

Beginning in the 1720s and 1730s, composers of Italian operas began to use contrasting musical ideas within A and B sections of arias to

expressive a succession of moods

What is the most common root movement in Rameau's compositions?

falling fifth

Audience members regarded public concerts purely as a chance to listen to music. t or f

false

Handel wrote generic opera arias without specific singers or their abilities in mind.

false

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most vehement voices arguing against including Italian opera elements in French opera. t or f

false

Nationalism in music was not seen until the end of the nineteenth century t or f

false

Rameau wrote a guide to playing the harpsichord.

false

Vivaldi's job at the Pietà required him only to compose music t or f

false

Songs of the late eighteenth century are infrequently performed today, yet they embody the ideals of the Enlightenment because they

feature clear, direct melodies

What term refers to eighteenth-century pianos in order to distinguish them from their later counterparts?

fortepianos

Most of William Billings's compositions were "plain tunes," but later collections included ____________, pieces that open with a syllabic and homophonic section, feature a passage in free imitation, and close with voices again in homophony.

fuging tunes

Composers published many songs for home performance in different countries, reflecting the

growing interest in amateur music making

Harmony in the galant style

has a slower harmonic rhythm that punctuates melodic segments

Why do the genres of Bach's musical output differ for each city in which he worked?

he composed to fill the different needs of the job that he held

Which of the following is not true of Vivaldi's concerti writing?

he wrote them for instruments whose bows are very similar to modern ones

What contributed to the growth of the public concert in Britain?

highly skilled yet unpaid performaners

Why did the Lullistes attack Rameau?

his dense orchestration and complex harmonies

Which of the following characteristics shows the influence of vocal music on instrumental music?

homophonic texture

Instrumental sinfonias served what purpose in several of Handel's operas?

marking key moments in the plot, such as battles

New styles in the eighteenth century placed musical focus on

melody

Gluck supervised the production of his operas and wanted singers, both soloists and the chorus, to

move more realistically and think of themselves as actors Correct

Rameau received formal training as an...

organist

Who were the Neapolitan conservatories designed to teach?

poor or orphaned boys

The action in Handel's operas develops through

recitatives

In Opera Seria action progresses through...

recititavie

Which is not an example of periodicity?

sequential repetition as a device

What didn't Telemann do?

serve as cantor of the St. Thomas school in Weimar

The philosophes of the Enlightenment were mainly

social reformers

Which of these genres is not a predecessor of the symphony?

string quartet

What genre, popular with the Parisian public during the 1700s, combined virtuosic playing with orchestral sonorities?

symphonie concertante Correct

Collections such as The Art of Fugue and The Well-Tempered Clavier reflect Bach's ________ approach to composition.

systematic and comprehensive

Why did the music of German composers hold such broad appeal?

their music synthesized various traditions and musical techniques

Which aspect of intermezzi differs from opere serie?

they often parodied heroic characters and questioned social hierarchies Correct

What is the most accurate description of Vivaldi's ritornello forms?

they share a compositional approach, but are unique in execution

Which of the following describes the style of Handel's solo and trio sonatas?

they show Corelli's influence but with harmonies and fast movements in the later Italian style

Which of the following is not a reason why pupils were instructed in music at Pio Ospedale della Pietà?

to prepare them for careers in music

What was one purpose of Bach's preludes?

to serve as pedagogical etudes

Vivaldi was the first composer to make the slow movement of a concerto as important as the others.

true

If you were to hear an aria from a ballad opera, it probably would

use a familiar tune from a folk or popular song Correct

What technique found in some of Bach's chorale preludes reveals the influence of Italian madrigalists?

use of musical figures to symbolize ideas in the original chorale text

In La serva padrona, why does Pergolesi use orchestrally accompanied recitative while Uberto debates whether to marry Serpina?

using a convention normally reserved for high drama increases the comic effect

Vivaldi wrote most of his concerti for what instrument?

violin

Which abilities or qualities made Farinelli famous?

vocal range and vocal control

Librettists responded to the public's desire for opera arias by

wriitng verses in poetic forms and meters

Does Handel use word painting?

yes in song " we are like sheep"

For what did Charles de Brosses praise the performers of the Pietà?

Precision

Who developed the idea of the fundamental bass

Rameau

What is not a characteristic of empfindsam style ?

Regular phrases

Of the following genres, which was considered music for background entertainment rather than concert music?

Serenade

Who was the first composer to write symphonies with 4 movements?

Stamitz

To what modern practice does your text compare the castration of young boys to keep their voices from maturing?

Steroid use to promote athletic performance

Italian comic opera strongly influenced the new musical style of the eighteenth century. t or f

TRUE

Johann Christian Bach influenced Mozart. t or f

TRUE

To what cultural movement can Rameau's interest in rational laws of music theory be attributed?

The Enlightenment

During the 18th century musicians increasingly dependent on whom for support?

The public

What was one economic change in the eighteenth century?

The urban middle class rose in numbers

Public concerts usually attracted what kind of audience?

The well to do because concerts were expensive

Johann Joachim Quantz argued that ideal music

appealed to wide audiences because it blended nationalistic traits Correct

What is the primary difference between balanced binary and rounded binary forms?

balanced binary repeats only the second half of the first section in the tonic at the end; rounded binary repeats the entire first section in the tonic

Why were keyboard sonatas and small string ensembles common in the eighteenth century?

being able to play the piano or a stringed instrument was expected of members of the middle and upper classes

How were private concerts normally funded?

by aristocratic sponsers

Which genre of organ music served as an introduction before congregational singing?

chorale prelude

Handel's most important innovation in his oratorios was his use of the...

chorus

What contributed to the growing prestige of purely instrumental music?

the idea of music as a universal language

Why are Bach's sonatas for solo instruments and harpsichord virtual trio sonatas?

the right-hand harpsichord part often has a melodic line in counterpoint with the solo instrument

The end of the eighteenth century saw a growing preference for opera in which language?

the vernacular