MIC 205 quizzes

Fortunately, you can only spread flu while you are experiencing symptoms. Question options: a) True b) False

False

The morphology of a T4 phage is best described as: Question options: a) polyhedral b) helical c) complex d) enveloped

*enveloped

Which of the following is true about detection methods using serology? Question options: a) Based on the fact that we can use antibodies to differentiate between microbes b) All are correct c) Based on the type and amount of antibody, we can track how recently a person was infected with a particular microbe d) Techniques include slide agglutination, ELISA & Western blotting

All are correct

Which of the following are end-products of glycosis? Question options: a) ATP b) NAD+ c) All are correct d) Acetyl Coenzyme-A

ATP

What is the step directly preceding the Krebs cycle? Question options: a) Preparatory stage b) Acetyl Coenzyme-A activation c) Fermentation d) Electron transport chain

Acetyl Coenzyme-A activation

What is the specific term for the surface molecules on bacteria that allow for adherence to host cells? Question options: a) Ligands b) Adhesins c) Spikes d) Receptors

Adhesins

Which is a method of reproduction in prokaryotes? Question options: a) binary fission b) budding c) fragmentation d) aerial spore formation e) All are correct

All are correct

Which of the following is completely true about setting up a slide agglutination experiment? Question options: a) A positive control is necessary to confirm that all of your reagents are working correctly b) A negative control is necessary to confirm that you have not cross-contaminated samples c) A patient sample is tested for the presence of a particular microbe using antibodies d) All are correct

All are correct

Which of the following is true about prion diseases? Question options: a) Transmitted through contaminated medical instruments b) Inherited human forms include Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease c) All are correct d) New bovine variant was transmitted to people who ate contaminated hamburger in Great Britain

All are correct

Which statement is true about redox relating to the electron carriers (coenzymes) NAD+ and/or FAD? Question options: a) FADH2 is the reduced form b) NAD+ is the oxidized form c) NADH is the reduced form d) All are correct

All are correct

You may grow a microbe that cannot tolerate oxygen in: Question options: a) All are correct b) A sealable jar with a reducing medium to remove oxygen c) An OxyPlate d) An anaerobic chamber

All are correct

Which of the following is true about chronic wasting disease? Question options: a) All are true b) Affected animals should be culled (euthanized) c) Can be diagnosed in live animals (via biopsy) and dead animals (via necropsy) d) It is unknown whether it is transmissible to humans, but testing is recommended if there is known risk

All are true

Which of the following statements about PrPc is true? Question options: a) All are true b) it has alpha helices, not beta-pleated sheets c) can be converted with PrpSc if it comes into contact with it d) it is the "normal" form of a host cell glycoprotein

All are true

Quaternary ammonium compounds are extremely effective at killing endospores. Question options: a) True b) False

False

This microbe is known cause problems in pregnant women: Question options: A) Bacteroides spp. B) Listeria monocytogenes C) Streptococcus agalactiae D) All of the above E) A and B F) B and C

B and C

What is the arrow pointing to (what is happening in the shaded box) in regards to the population of bacteria? Pick the statement about what is happening to the bacterial population shown in this graph and its graphical presentation that is completely true. a) Bacteria are increasing arithmetically in number, showing a 90% increase from 1 minute to 2 minutes. b) Bacteria are increasing logarithmically in number, showing a-thousand-fold increase from 1 minute to 2 minutes. c) Bacteria are decreasing logarithmically in number, showing 90% decrease from 1 minute to 2 minutes. d) Bacteria are decreasing arithmetically in number, showing a 10% decrease from 1 minute to 2 minutes.

Bacteria are decreasing logarithmically in number, showing 90% decrease from 1 minute to 2 minutes.

Which of the following is classified as fungus? Question options: A) Deinococcus radiodurans B) Thermus aquaticus C) Schizosaccharomyces pombe D) Penicillium spp. E) All are fungi F) A and B G) B and C H) C and D

C and D

A young father observed his infant daughter became lethargic and experience trouble feeding. He became alarmed as the infant became "floppy" and took his daughter to the clinic. Upon questioning, it was revealed that the infant had been fussy and had been given a pacifier coated with honey. The clinician in charge immediately ordered an antitoxin as the infant took a turn for the worse and had to be placed on a ventilator. Stool samples revealed a Gram-positive, rod, spore-forming bacterium. Which microbe do you think the infant was diagnosed and treated for? Question options: a) Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) b) Clostridium tetani c) Staphylococcus aureus d) Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum

A woman reports to the emergency room with a traumatic leg wound, which has been contaminated by soil and bacterial endospores. The wound is very deep, presenting an anaerobic environment, and every attempt is made to remove soil, debris, and bacteria. She is administered antibiotics, however, by the next day the wound site is swollen and an X-ray shows gas in the tissues. The clinician elects to debride (remove infected) tissue, in an attempt to save her leg from amputation. The woman most likely has an infection with: Question options: a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis b) Hantavirus c) Bartonella henselae d) Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens

A woman aged 29 years and member of an Amish community gave birth to her child at home, assisted by an unlicensed childbirth assistant. At 10 days postpartum, the patient developed numbness in the face and neck pain, leading to a stiff neck and jaw and extreme difficulty swallowing and breathing. Upon admission to the hospital, the patient was administered medication including muscle relaxants, antibodies to fight the suspected microbe, antibiotics, and additionally she required mechanical ventilation. Her infant was closely monitored, as infants are at particular risk for this disease. The clinician suspected and treated the woman for a disease caused by the Gram-positive, rod, spore forming bacterium: Question options: a) Clostridium botulinum b) Clostridium tetani c) Staphylococcus aureus d) Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

Clostridium tetani

What is a term for when bacteria in or on the body help prevent against colonization of disease-causing microbes just by their presence? Question options: A) Parasitism B) Competitive inhibition C) Symbiosis D) Both A and B

Competitive inhibition

Which of the following is NOT true about the two major categories of bacteria? Question options: a) Consist of Bacteria and Archaea b) Consist of Gram-positive and Gram-negative c) Both categories contain peptidoglycan as part of their cell wall d) Differences between the two major catogories mostly have to do with the structures that make up the cell wall and the relative amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall

Consist of Bacteria and Archaea

When a person is infected with this microbe, they develop a thick covering at the back of the throat; it causes a vaccine-preventable disease. Question options: a) Trypanosoma cruzi b) Propionibacterium acnes c) Herpes simplex virus d) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Which of the following is true about vaccination? Question options: a) Less effective and more dangerous than variolation at preventing smallpox b) Spread to Europe by Lady Mary Whortley Montague as a method to prevent disease by Variola virus c) Cowpox virus was used in this process to prevent smallpox d) Involved placing Variola virus-infected pustule material into a lesion of the person to protect from smallpox

Cowpox virus was used in this process to prevent smallpox

Which cell can specifically identify virus infected cells and trigger apoptosis? Question options: a) Helper T cell b) Cytotoxic T lymphocyte c) Plasma cell d) Natural Killer cell

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

What type of ELISA uses antibody as "bait" and is used to detect antigen, and is also known as a "sandwich" ELISA? Question options: a) Direct ELISA b) Targeted ELISA c) Indirect ELISA d) None of the above

Direct ELISA

The acronym ELISA stands for: Question options: a) Enzymatic-linkage immunosorbent assay b) Enzymatic-linkage immune system assay c) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay d) Enzymatic-linked immunosorbency assay

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A 65-year old man reported to the clinician with an 8-day history of moderate diarrhea, poor appetite, severe fatigue, and a fever of 103 degrees Fahrenheit. The physical exam was normal and lab tests were normal, except for leukocytosis with eosinophilia. An X-ray of the man's chest showed a lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung and a small nodule in the left lung. The high level of eosinophils led the clinician to order a stool test, which was negative. The clinician asked the man about any recent travel, and the man reported that 3 months previously he had gone on a vacation and stayed at a working sheep farm with sheepdogs. Based on this information, the clinician began to suspect he should test the man for: Question options: a) Rhinovirus b) Smallpox virus c) Echinococcus granulosus d) Hepatitis B virus e) Gardnerella vaginalis

Echinococcus granulosus

A 34-year-old woman reports to the clinician with loose stools, gas, and abdominal cramps and mentions the symptoms have been occurring for a week. The clinician asks about any recent travel, and the woman mentions a camping trip two weeks ago in the wilderness. When asked about drinking water, the woman mentions enjoying the pristine cool stream water for drinking. The clinician suspects and tests the woman for: Question options: a) Leishmania donovani b) Mycobacterium leprae c) Rabies virus d) Giardia lamblia e) Clonorchis sinensis f) Measles virus g) Toxoplasma gondii

Giardia lamblia

A meningitis outbreak took the life of one infant and sickened 4 other children, leading the CDC to urge parents to make sure all infants and children are up to date on their vaccinations. One of the 5 cases was a 5-month-old, too young to have completed the first series of vaccinations. Three cases, including the death, were in infants whose parents refused to vaccinate them. In the fourth case, the children's parents were waiting to vaccinate their child at the age of 5 years, and the last case was in a vaccinated child with an immune deficiency. Which microbe best fits the outbreak described? Question options: a) Serratia marcescens b) Proteus vulgaris c) Yersinia pestis d) Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae

This microbe has genetic material in the form of single-stranded RNA, and can be found in mice and rats. If a human becomes infected by exposure to microbe-laden mouse feces or urine, they may develop a severe hemorrhagic fever or severe respiratory disease. Question options: a) Bartonella henselae b) Hantavirus c) Clostridium perfringens d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Hantavirus

A 34-year-old woman reported to a clinic with nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin). Her symptoms began two weeks after returning from a trip to Hawaii where she had eaten sushi that included raw scallops at a popular restaurant. She had signed up for a rewards program associated with the nationwide sushi chain, and had been notified via the app on her smartphone that she may have been exposed to a fecal-orally transmitted infectious agent. She most likely was exposed to and now had symptoms of infection with: Question options: a) Nipah virus b) Hepatitis A virus c) Coxiella burnetii d) Zika virus

Hepatitis A virus

Which of the following microbes is a bacterium that is transmitted through ticks? Question options: a) Rickettsia rickettsii b) Yellow fever virus c) Helicobacter pylori d) Klebsiella pneumoniae

Rickettsia rickettsii

A group of patients with a chronic viral infection affecting the liver were tested for their innate immune response to the virus. The patients had the chronic form of the disease, where the patient's own immune cells react against infected liver cells, destroying the cells, and contribute to causing extensive liver damage. What infectious agent is being described, and what cell is directly involved in killing infected liver cells? Question options: a) Smallpox virus, neutrophils b) Smallpox virus, basophils c) Rhinovirus, eosinophils d) Rhinovirus, natural killer cells e) Hepatitis B virus, natural killer cells f) Hepatitis B virus, B cells g) Vaccinia virus, B cells h) Vaccinia virus, neutrophils

Hepatitis B virus, natural killer cells

This microbe is typically transmitted via contaminated blood or by sharing of needles or other drug-injecting paraphernalia. Most people who are exposed to the microbe recover without long-term consequence, however, 15-30% of the time, people will develop chronic infection affecting the liver. This microbe is: Question options: a) Vibrio cholerae b) Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus c) Varicella zoster virus d) Hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C virus

Conjugation, transduction, and transformation are all examples of: Question options: a) Antibiotic targets in the bacterial cell b) How antibiotic genes are transferred c) Mechanisms of drug resistance d) All of the above

How antibiotic genes are transferred

Which factor affecting the rate of microbial death does this figure represent? a) If there are more microbes, it takes longer to kill the population b) Longer heat treatment compensates for lower temperature c) Microbial characteristics affect the rate of microbial death d) Presence of organic matter influences rate of microbial death

If there are more microbes, it takes longer to kill the population

Which scientist applied germ theory specifically in obstetric procedures? Question options: a) Ignaz Semmelweiss b) Louis Pasteur c) Robert Koch d) Joseph Lister

Ignaz Semmelweiss

Which of the following statements is true about the innate immune system? Question options: a) It is specific b) It consists of physical and chemical factors c) It has memory d) All of the above

It consists of physical and chemical factors

Which of the following statements are true about Clostridium botulinum? Question options: a) The species epithet is Clostridium b) It is a Gram-positive bacterium c) The genus is botulinum d) All are correct

It is a Gram-positive bacterium

Which scientist applied germ theory specifically in surgical procedures? Question options: a) Robert Koch b) Joseph Lister c) Ignaz Semmelweiss d) Louis Pasteur

Joseph Lister

This microbe may cause a pigmentation condition of the skin, and is most commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as areas around the Mediterranean Sea and areas in South America. In some individuals it can lead to cancers and was one of the unusual diseases identified when HIV/AIDS was emerging in the United States in the early 1980s. This microbe is: Question options: a) Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus b) Vibrio cholerae c) Hepatitis C virus d) Varicella zoster virus

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

What is the general term for the surface molecules on bacteria and viruses that allow for adherence to host cells? Question options: a) Spikes b) Ligands c) Adhesins d) Receptors

Ligands

Some microbes secrete membrane attack complexes to destroy the phagocyte, and a microbe that does this is Question options: A) HIV B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis C) Listeria monocytogenes D) all of the above

Listeria monocytogenes

Inactivating drugs by enzymes, alteration of a drug target, inhibition of drug intake, and rapid efflux are all examples of Question options: a) Antibiotic targets in the bacterial cell b) How antibiotic genes are transferred c) Mechanisms of drug resistance d) All of the above

Mechanisms of drug resistance

A woman in rural Texas reports to her local clinic with muscle weakness in her hands and feet. When examined by the physician, it is noted that she also has skin lesions, and upon further examination, the skin associated with the lesions are numb (she has loss of feeling in the areas with the lesions). The physician orders a skin biopsy of the lesions. The skin tissue is processed and reveals bacteria that stain fuchsia (due to carbolfuchsin). The physician prescribes two antibiotics for 12 months. Upon further inquiry, the patient admits to regularly consuming armadillo that may or may not have been fully cooked, and she is told that this is risky, and may have been how she became infected. The microbe is: Question options: a) Leishmania donovani b) Toxoplasma gondii c) Entamoeba histolytica d) Rabies virus e) Clonorchis sinensis f) Measles virus g) Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae

This microbe is a bacterium that technically is neither Gram-negative nor Gram-positive, and it is was originally thought to be a virus because of its extremely small size. Question options: a) Mycobacterium b) Mycoplasma c) Methanogens d) Archaea

Mycoplasma

What do Gram-negative bacterial cells contain in their cell wall? Check all that apply. Question options: N-acetylglucosamine side chain amino acids and cross-bridge amino acids N-acetylmuramic acid lipoteichoic acid outer membrane lipopolysaccharide wall teichoic acid

N-acetylglucosamine side chain amino acids and cross-bridge amino acids N-acetylmuramic acid outer membrane lipopolysaccharide

A patient reports to the clinician with respiratory symptoms. Which of the following microbes can have respiratory symptoms, due to the microbe at some point affecting the respiratory system? Click all that apply. Question options: Necator americanus Taenia solium Enterobius vermicularis Coccidioides immitis

Necator americanus Coccidioides immitis

This microbe stains pink when Gram-stained and can be a pathogen. Question options: a) Serratia marcescens b) Proteus vulgaris c) Haemophilus influenzae d) Not enough information

Not enough information

Which technique allows you to synthesize DNA using template and primers, where the enzyme polymerase allows you to use repeating temperature cycles to detect a microbe in a sample? Question options: a) Western blot b) Slide agglutination c) PCR d) WGS

PCR

What do we call the period of time when we are harboring an infectious agent, and showing the most severe signs and symptoms? Question options: a) Incubation period b) Period of illness c) Prodromal period d) Period of convalescence

Period of illness

What do we call the period of time when we are harboring an infectious agent, and showing mild signs or symptoms? Question options: a) Period of illness b) Prodromal period c) Period of convalescence d) Incubation period

Prodromal period

The structure embedded in the plasma membrane, which is responsible for synthesizing ATP, is powered by the movement of _____________from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Question options: a) Water b) ATP c) Electrons d) Protons

Protons

Which of the following microbes fixes nitrogen and has a symbiotic relationship with plant roots? Question options: a) Epstein Barr virus b) Vibrio fischeri c) Burkholderia mallei d) Rhizobium spp.

Rhizobium spp.

This microbe is technically a trematode, also known as a blood fluke, that has a microscopic phase that is an egg that is shed in the feces, and it has intestinal symptoms. This microbe is: Question options: a) All are correct b) Schistosoma haematobium c) Schistosoma mansoni d) Paragonimus westermanii

Schistosoma mansoni

Which of the following is an E.I.D.? Question options: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Ebola influenza Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Ebola influenza Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

What is true about anaerobic respiration as we defined it? Question options: a) The terminal electron acceptor for the ETC is not oxygen b) There is no ETC, as only glycolysis occurs, followed by fermentation c) The terminal electron acceptor for the ETC is oxygen d) There is no ETC

The terminal electron acceptor for the ETC is not oxygen

This microbe causes a sexually transmitted disease affecting approximately 3.7 million people in the U.S. The microbe has a nucleus and has flagella. Typically metronidazole is used for treatment. This microbe is: Question options: a) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) b) Streptococcus pneumoniae c) Trichomonas vaginalis d) Influenza virus

Trichomonas vaginalis

A woman in rural Texas reports to her local clinic with muscle weakness in her hands and feet. When examined by the physician, it is noted that she also has skin lesions, and upon further examination, the skin associated with the lesions are numb (she has loss of feeling in the areas with the lesions). The physician orders a skin biopsy of the lesions. The skin tissue is processed and reveals bacteria that stain fuchsia (due to carbolfuchsin). The physician prescribes two antibiotics for 12 months. Upon further inquiry, the patient admits to regularly consuming armadillo that may or may not have been fully cooked, and she is told that this is risky, and may have been how she became infected. Is the following statement true or false regarding the category of microbe and microbial characteristics? The microbe is acid-fast and has a cell wall mostly composed of a very thick and hydrophobic layer of mycolic acid. Question options: a) True b) False

True

Every year a new flu vaccine must be developed to account for the fact that the strains that circulate globally change every year. Question options: a) True b) False

True

Influenza is primarily a respiratory disease, and is not the same as the "stomach flu", although some people, especially children can experience stomach symptoms during a flu infection. Question options: a) True b) False

True

The Kirby-Bauer test is a diffusion method to test for antibiotic susceptibility of a bacterial pathogen. Question options: a) True b) False

True

The flu is a serious disease that takes the lives of on average 36,000 people per year, which is why vaccination is so important. Question options: a) True b) False

True

This microbe is transmitted by the triatomine insect when it simultaneously takes a blood meal and defecates. A person becomes infected when they scratch parasite-infected insect feces into the wound or the eye. In many cases, if the acute disease is allowed to progress to the chronic form, it may lead to heart complications. Question options: a) Corynebacterium diphtheriae b) Trypanosoma cruzi c) Herpes simplex virus d) Propionibacterium acnes

Trypanosoma cruzi

Which of the following is the term for a group of viruses that share the same genetic information and infect the same types of host cells? Question options: a) Viral genus b) Viral order c) Viral family d) Viral species

Viral species

Which technique requires that you grow up and obtain a pure culture of bacteria from a patient/environmental/food sample, isolate the genomic DNA from the bacterium, create a library of that DNA, and then use a technology that can identify nucleic acid base pairs, finally requiring assembly and data analysis? Question options: a) Western blot b) WGS c) PCR d) Slide agglutination

WGS

Which surface-active agent works by sanitizing via the negatively charged portion of the molecule? Question options: a) acid-anionic agent b) quaternary ammonium compound c) detergent d) cationic agent

acid-anionic agent

Which term best fills in this blank? We say antigen or antibody is _____________________________ or attached to the surface of the microtiter well? Question options: a) adhered b) adsorbed c) assimilated d) absorbed

adsorbed

Which mechanism of antigen-antibody binding leads to coating of a foreign invader with antibody, leading to different components of the immune system coming together to destroy somethings such as a worm. Question options: a) opsonization b) activation of complement c) neutralization d) agglutination e) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

agglutination

Which of these factors is a factor that has an effect on how well a disinfectant works to kill microbes? Question options: a) all aare correct b) how much contact the disinfectant makes with the microbes c) temperature d) presence of blood, stool, urine and other organic materials

all aare correct

Which of the following is used as an antiviral treatment? Question options: a) nucleotide analog b) antiretroviral c) interferon d) all are categories of antiviral treatments

all are categories of antiviral treatments

What condition makes it more likely for a person to acquire a healthcare-associated infection? Question options: a) immunosuppression b) catheterization c) respiratory equipment d) all are correct

all are correct

What factor may determine whether a virus can invade a particular cell? Question options: a) all are correct b) the ability of the virus to attach and enter a host cell c) spike that matches up with host cell receptor d) correct species and cell type

all are correct

Which of the following is a possible approach for a future chemotherapeutic agent? Question options: a) blocking protein synthesis using siRNAs b) viruses that infect and kill the bacteria causing the infection in the patient c) chemicals produced by plants and animals that are actually antimicrobial peptides d) all are possible approaches for future chemotherapeutic agents

all are possible approaches for future chemotherapeutic agents

What factors must we consider when determining the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents? Question options: a) resistance to chemotherapeutic agents b) safety of the chemotherapeutic agent c) combinations of drugs d) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following are examples of prokaryotes? Question options: a) bacteria, archaea, viruses, and microscopic algae b) bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, viruses, and multicellular parasites c) bacteria and viruses d) bacteria and archaea

bacteria and archaea

What type of disinfectant is chlorhexidine? Question options: a) biguanide b) halogen c) bisphenol d) no answer is correct

biguanide

Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is found in rodent fleas in the United States in rural and semi-rural areas, usually in semi-arid forests and grasslands. Surveillance by scientists indicates that plague bacteria are constantly circulating at low rates within rodents like prairie dogs and chipmunks. Sometimes humans become infected when their pet dogs or cats pick up fleas from infected rodents, when infected fleas feed on humans. Humans are infected when infected fleas inject the bacterium while taking a blood meal. This disease is best described as: Question options: a) biological vector, zoonotic b) mechanical vector, zoonotic c) mechanical vector, anthroponotic, d) biological vector, pandemic

biological vector, zoonotic

Which statement is completely true about Mycobacteria when they are stained using Acid-fast staining? Question options: a) methylene blue is trapped in the pseudomurein, making Mycobacterium blue b) carbolfuchsin is trapped in the mycolic acid, making Mycobacterium fuschia c) methylene blue is trapped in the mycolic acid, making Mycobacteria blue d) carbolfuchsin is trapped in the pseudomurein, making Mycobacterium fuschia

carbolfuchsin is trapped in the mycolic acid, making Mycobacterium fuschia

he phase of growth where the population begins to shrink is: Question options: a) stationary b) lag c) death d) log

death

Which term describes how long it takes to reduce a bacterial population by one log? Question options: a) thermal death time (TDT) b) no answer is correct c) decimal reduction time (DRT) d) thermal death point (TDP)

decimal reduction time (DRT)

You may use different methods to narrow down a pathogen in a patient sample, and more specifically, use _______________________ to specifically distinguish between microbes on slides using light microscopy. Question options: a) oxygen requirements b) dichotomous key c) morphological comparison d) differential staining

differential staining

You are a clinical laboratory scientist and are asked to prepare and stain a blood smear from a patient in order to perform a differential white blood cell count. The patient has an unusually high number of leukocytes with prominent red-colored granules. What type of leukocyte fits this description? Question options: a) basophil b) monocyte c) eosinophil d) neutrophil

eosinophil

Which category of microbe can multiply (grow) in temperatures above 50 degrees Celsius? Select all that apply. Question options: fridgeotroph extreme thermophile psychrophile psychotroph mesophile thermophile

extreme thermophile thermophile

Which structure is external to the cell wall and can either protect bacteria from being phagocytosed or allow bacteria to form communities on surfaces? Question options: a) glycocalyx b) flagellum c) pili d) axial filament

glycocalyx

A damaged bacterial cell is placed in a solution and it bursts. Which statement is correct about the solution the cell was in and what happened to the cell? Question options: a) hypertonic solution, osmotic lysis b) hypotonic solution, plasmolysis c) hypotonic solution, osmotic lysis d) hypertonic solution, plasmolysis

hypotonic solution, osmotic lysis

The phase of growth where the population is doubling and can be said to be growing exponentially is: Question options: a) lag b) log c) stationary d) death

log

Which mechanism of antigen-antibody binding leads to coating of a bacterium, virus, or toxin with antibody, preventing it from being able to adhere (stick to and infect) mucosa? Question options: a) activation of complement b) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity c) neutralization d) opsonization e) agglutination

neutralization

Which of the following works by inhibiting endospore-forming bacteria in food? Question options: a) propionic acid b) natamycin c) all inhibit endospore-forming bacteria d) nitrate salt

nitrate salt

Which method of controlling microbes damages by creating thymine dimers? Question options: a) gamma rays b) no answer is correct c) low temperature d) high pressure

no answer is correct

Which term describes granules that may be accumulations of pieces of virus and may be found in the cytoplasm or nucleus of some virally-infected cells? Question options: a) lysosomes b) syncytia c) giant cells d) no answer is correct

no answer is correct

Which drug is used to treat tapeworms and works by altering the permeability of the plasma membranes of cells of tapeworms? Question options: a) metronidazole b) niclosamide c) tinidazole d) none of these drugs

none of these drugs

What is true about the Gram-negative cell wall? Check all that apply. Question options: outer membrane surrounds a thin layer of peptidoglycan outer membrane is removed by the decolorizer during the Gram-stain layer of mycolic acid is removed by acid-alcohol during staining lipopolysaccharide is embedded in the outer membrane

outer membrane surrounds a thin layer of peptidoglycan outer membrane is removed by the decolorizer during the Gram-stain lipopolysaccharide is embedded in the outer membrane

What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration (in the ETC)? Question options: a) NAD+ b) oxygen c) water d) FAD

oxygen

A 34-year-old woman reports to the clinician with loose stools, gas, and abdominal cramps and mentions the symptoms have been occurring for a week. The clinician asks about any recent travel, and the woman mentions a camping trip two weeks ago in the wilderness. When asked about drinking water, the woman mentions enjoying the pristine cool stream water for drinking. What is most likely to be true about the type of microbe and its characteristics? Question options: a) bacterium and she was infected with the endospores b) enveloped virus and she was infected through respiratory secretions c) parasite and she was infected with the oocyst form d) acid-fast bacterium and she was infected with the vegetative form e) parasite and she was infected with the cyst form f) parasite and she was infected by the vegetative form

parasite and she was infected with the cyst form

What is a cell wall component that is unique to bacteria? Question options: a) penicillin b) fungicin c) peptidoglycan d) chitin

peptidoglycan

Which structure can transfer genetic material from one bacterial cell to another? Question options: a) flagella b) pili c) fimbriae d) endoflagellum

pili

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is an inhibitor of translation? Question options: a) penicillin b) polymyxin B c) streptomycin d) all are inhibitors of translation

polymyxin B

Which drug was traditionally used to treat malaria? Question options: a) quinine b) chloroquine c) metronidazole d) tinidazole

quinine

Which of the following is a cytocidal effect of that viruses may have on the host cell? Question options: a) when neighboring cells fuse to form a giant cell b) release of lysosome contents into cell c) an effect that only results in cell damage d) chromosomal changes in host cell

release of lysosome contents into cell

Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is found in rodent fleas in the United States in rural and semi-rural areas, usually in semi-arid forests and grasslands. Surveillance by scientists indicates that plague bacteria are constantly circulating at low rates within rodents like prairie dogs and chipmunks. If plague is suspected and/or diagnosed, it is required by law to be reported to local authorities This disease is best described as: Question options: a) reportable, endemic b) prevalent, epidemic c) notifiable, epidemic d) frequent, pandemic

reportable, endemic

Which of the following is an inhibitor of mRNA synthesis? Question options: a) all inhibit nucleic acid synthesis b) quinolone c) rifamycin d) Cipro

rifamycin

What is true about the color of Gram-negative cells when Gram stained? Question options: a) safranin is trapped in the peptidoglycan b) safranin is trapped in the outer membrane c) crystal violet-iodine complex is trapped in the outer membrane d) crystal violet-iodine complex is trapped in the peptidoglycan

safranin is trapped in the peptidoglycan

Considering the graph above, choose the treatment that is least effective as a bactericidal agent, given the options below. Question options: a) soap and water b) tincture of Zephiran c) tincture of iodine d) aqueous Zephiran 1:1000

soap and water

This element is found in amino acids and can be obtained by some microbes from hydrogen sulfide. Question options: a) phosphorus b) carbon c) trace elements d) sulfur

sulfur

Which are the two most common sites of healthcare-associated infections? Question options: a) urinary tract infections and surgical site infections b) surgical site infections and lower respiratory infections c) gastrointestinal infections and bloodstream infections d) urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal infections

surgical site infections and lower respiratory infections

Which category of microbe could not multiply (grow) in the refrigerator? Select all that apply. Question options: thermophile hyperthermophile mesophile psychotroph psychrophile fridgeotroph

thermophile hyperthermophile mesophile

his type of chemical requirement is only needed in very small amounts, yet is still essential for microbial life. Question options: a) trace elements b) vitamins c) phosphorus d) carbon

trace elements

From 2002 to 2003, a viral disease spread from China and went on to spread worldwide, causing widespread fear. Epidemiologists investigating the source of infection, identified civets and raccoon dogs that harbored the virus in live animal markets in the Shenzeng Province in China. Based on the potential reservoir of the virus and the global spread of the disease, it was: Question options: a) zoonotic, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus b) anthroponotic, Chikungunya virus c) zoonotic, Taenia saginata d) anthroponotic, Enterovirus D68

zoonotic, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus