MIC205 Exam 1 (modules 1,2,3) MISSING 3

Prokaryotes consist of two groups of organisms --------------- & -------------- .

bacteria & archaea

Bacteria increase numbers by a process called ---------------- (2 words)

binary fission

Fermentation produces more ATP than Aerobic respiration.

false

The appendage that allows bacteria to attach to surfaces is called [---------------].

fimbriae

Doubling of bacterial cells is happening in [------------] phase of the bacterial growth curve

log/exponential

The cell wall is a structure that protects the bacterial cell from lysis.

True

The genetic hereditary material (DNA) in eukaryotes is packaged into linear chromosomes that are located in the nucleus, while the prokaryotes have a single, circular, DNA found in the cytoplasm.

True

You are preparing a sandwich at 6:30 AM to take to school with you. You accidentally cough and introduce 10 bacteria into your sandwich as you are making it. Calculate the number of bacteria that will be present when you eat your sandwich at 10:30 am? The sandwich was lying in your locker throughout this time. The generation time (time taken to double the number of cells) of the bacteria is 30 minutes at room temperature. You may use the following chart to help you visualize the problem.

2560

Which of the following organisms best represent Box 1 in the picture shown below?

Bacteria

According to the endosymbiont theory:

Bacteria are the ancestors of chloroplasts and mitochondria

-------------, -------------, & --------------- are the three domains of life.

Bacteria, archaea, & eukarya

The part labeled D helps with motility of the bacterial cell. Identify D .

Flagella

You have discovered an organism that is 0.7 mm in size from a pond. It contains a nucleus. Which of the following conclusions can you make about this organism?

It cannot be classified as a prokaryote (has nucleus)

According to a study published in 2013, prolonged use of antibiotics may lead to disruption of mitochondrial function. Which of the following BEST explains this observation?

Mitochondria are structurally similar to bacteria; therefore, they are susceptible to antibiotics that target bacteria.

Which of the following factors influence bacterial growth?

Oxygen Temperature Nutrient availability

ALL living cells are classified as either Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes.

True

Bacteria were the earliest organisms to produce oxygen on earth.

True

You have discovered a new microorganism that can potentially eradicate a pandemic infection. Based on the following features that you have discovered, what conclusions can you make about this microorganism? 1. It does not have a cellular structure 2. It cannot exist independently 3. It can be visualized only by an electron microscope 4. It has DNA as its genomic material 5. It does not have a nucleus

Virus

In the following picture, letters X and Y most likely represent

Virus and animal cell, respectively

During fermentation, electrons are transferred from an organic donor compound to

other organic compounds

Which of the following is true about Eukaryotes? 1. Larger in size than prokaryotes 2. Have internal membranes 3. Contain a nucleus 4. Lack cellular organization

1,2,3

Which of the following can be associated with Archaea? 1. Have a cellular Structure 2. Can be found in extreme environments 3. Lack internal membranes 4. Small in size 5. Classified as prokaryotes

1,2,3,4,& 5

Which of the following can be classified as cellular organisms? 1. Bacteria 2. Viruses 3. Archaea 4. Fungi 5. Prions

1,3,& 4

Which of the following sentences about viruses are correct? A. Viruses are made of DNA or RNA, and proteins B. Viruses are cellular. C. Viruses need host cells for reproduction and survival. D. Viruses contain metabolic pathways E. Viruses can make their own proteins. F. Some viruses may have a lipid envelope

A, C & F

In a cell, the molecule that stores energy to do useful work is -------------

ATP

[------------] , [------------------] and [--------------------] are formed at the end of glycolysis pathway.

ATP, Pyruvate and NADH

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a eukaryotic organism?

Absence of membrane bound organelles

Which of the following best represent organisms with a "Nucleus" in the picture below? Choose all for full credit.

Algae, Fungi

You have discovered a unique organism in the ocean with the following features: It has a cellular structure with circular DNA as its genetic material. The DNA is dispersed in the cytoplasm, but no organelles can be detected within the cell. The entire cell is covered by a cell wall. This organism is most likely a:

Bacterial cell

In glucose molecule, high energy electrons are stored within which of the following?

C-H bonds

Listed below in the left column are different structures found in the bacterial cell. Match these bacterial cell structures with their correct function shown in the right column. Each answer may be used one time only.

Endospore: enhances survival in unfavorable conditions Capsule: protects the cell against drying Flagella: responsible for cellular motility or movement Fimbriae: responsible for attachment of cells to surfaces Cell Wall: protects against lysis

Bacteria make structures called --------- to tide over unfavorable conditions in their environment .

Endospores

All viruses contain DNA as the genetic material

False

An antibiotic targeting the the nuclear membrane would be an effective treatment for bacterial infections.

False

It is possible to treat a virus infection with an agent that targets the protein synthesis machinery to inhibit the synthesis of proteins.

False

It would be unsafe to administer an antibiotic that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, because this could damage the eukaryotic cell wall in addition to damaging the bacterial cell wall.

False

Only single-celled organisms represent the domain Eukarya.

False

Viruses have a cellular structure while bacteria are not cellular.

False

The time taken for one bacterial cell to divide into two cells is called-----------

Generation time

The following structure represents the cell wall of which type of bacteria?

Gram negative

The following structure represents the cell wall of which type of bacteria?

Gram positive

[--------------------] is an electron carrier in the cell.

NADH

The following picture depicts sizes in the microbial world. Based on this picture, arrange the following in order from largest to smallest: Bacteria cell, Nerve cell, Chickenpox virus, Sulfur atom, Water molecule

Nerve cell, Bacterial cell, Chickenpox virus, Water molecule, Sulfur atom

Prions is classified under which of the following categories?

Non-living

The bacterial cell wall is made up of which of the following UNIQUE component?

Peptidoglycan

The binomial system assigns a 2-part name to organisms. In accordance with Binomial nomenclature, what does the underlined part of the name denote in the following example? Escherichia coli

Species

Which of the following is a feature of Archaea?

They can live in extreme environments

A patient with an ear infection was administered an antibiotic that targets the peptidoglycan layer. The causative agent of the infection is a ------------.

bacteria

In nature, bacteria grow in communities that are encased in a protective gelatinous covering. Such bacterial communities are called -----------

biofilm

Botulism or food poisoning is caused by Clostridium species. It is difficult to eliminate this bacteria from contaminated food because of formation of ----------.

endospores

The energy generated in anabolic reactions are used up in catabolic reactions,

false

The following picture shows how bacteria grow in numbers through the process of binary fission

false

In --------- phase of the growth curve, there is no change in the number of bacteria. Pick all of the correct answers for complete credit.

lag stationary

The following picture depicts the series of events that led to the evolution of the modern eukaryotic cell. The engulfment of the aerobic bacterium by the ancestral cell led to the evolution of __________, while the engulfment of the photosynthetic bacterium led to the evolution of ________________

mitochondria, chloroplasts

Viruses are not included in the three domain system of classification because

they are not living organisms.

Viruses are called intracellular obligate organisms because

they require a host cell to replicate within

An anaerobic bacteria does not require oxygen.

true

Bacteria that can form endospores are generally more resistant to treatment and control methods than the bacteria that do not make endospores.

true

Catabolic reactions (that breakdown of complex molecules into simple ones) releases energy that is used in anabolic reactions (building complex molecules from simple ones)

true

During aerobic respiration, the electrons from glucose molecule are transported through a series of reactions to oxygen. The energy of the electrons, that is released in the process, is used to synthesize ATP.

true

During anaerobic respiration, bacteria transport electrons from donors to acceptors other than oxygen.

true

Each organism has an optimum temperature of growth.

true