Micro ch 1
When do opportunistic pathogens tend to cause disease? A) when the host didn't wash with soap B) when the host is weakened C) when the host is old D) after the host is already infected with a different pathogen E) when the host is young
B) when the host is weakened
Why do electron microscopes have a better resolution versus light microscopes? A) The lenses, knobs, and strength of the electron beam can all be highly controlled, which also explains why electron microscopes are so expensive. improves with larger wavelengths B) An electron beam has a wavelength of about 800 nm, and resolution C) An electron beam has a wavelength of about 1 nm, and resolution D) The additional steps necessary to prepare the sample for vlewing provide the Improved resolution. beam are more adjustable than the ones in a light microscope. improves with smaller wavelengths. E) The lenses used to focus the electron
C) An electron beam has a wavelength of about 1 nm, and resolution
Which of the following individuals does not correctly match with their contribution to microbiology. A) Ignaz Semmelweis: First developed aseptic techniques to decrease mortality rates from childbed fever B) Robert Koch: Developed criteria for determining the causative agent of an infectious disease C) Joseph Lister: Developed the first anesthetic solution for use in surgerles D) Louis Pasteur: Showed that blogenesis is responsible for the propagation of life E) Florence Nightingale: Established the use of aseptic techniques in nursing practices
C) Joseph Lister: Developed the first anesthetic solution for use in surgerles
Which of the following could be used as evidence for spontaneous generation? A) Flies lay eggs that develop into maggots. B) Gauze-covered meat will not give rise to maggots. C) Uncovered meat will give rise to maggots. D) The broth in Pasteur's S-necked flasks did not spoil. E) Shaking Pasteur's S-necked flasks did spoil the broth.
C) Uncovered meat will give rise to maggots.
All of the following involve biofilms except A) inner ear infections. B) kidney stones. C) conjunctivitis. D) endocarditis. E) atherosclerosis.
C) conjunctivitis
Which of the following is not a microorganism? A) archaea B) helminth C) mosquito D) fungi E) bacteria
C) mosquito
The scientific method starts with a(n) A) observation. B) prediction. C) question. D) hypothesis. E) proposal.
C) question
Which of the following can be determined using simple stains? A) the presence of capsules B) size and shape C) size, shape and cellular arrangement D) the number and position of flagella E) the presence of endospores
C) size, shape and cellular arrangement
Which of the following statements is true? A) Picking which type of media format to use depends only on the space available. B) Picking which type of media to use depends on how much money you willing to spend. C) Scientists were not able to grow bacteria in the lab until the creation of the Petri dish. D) Media for bacterial growth only comes in a few varieties. E) Agar is used as a solidifying agent for bacterial culture.
E) Agar is used as a solidifying agent for bacterial culture.
Which of the following is the correct way to type a sclentific name? A) escherichia coli B) Escherichia coli C) Escherichia Coli D) escherichia coli E) Escherichia coli
E) Escherichia coli
_____showed that biogenesis is responsible for the propagation of life. A) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek B) Carl Linnaeus C) Louis Pasteur D) Robert Hooke E) Joseph Lister
E) Joseph Lister
predict what happens, while. explain how and why something occurs. A) Theories; laws B) Observations; hypotheses C) Observations; conclusions D) Hypotheses; conclusions E) Laws; theories
E) Laws; theories
Which of the following is true about bioremediation? A) Coagulators are used to condense the spill. B) Bioremediation never harms the environment. C) The Environmental Protection Agency documents a handful of chemical spills per year in the United States alone. D) A mix of bacteria, archaea, and fungi species is used to seed the spill zone. E) Nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate, and sometimes iron supplements are added to the spill zone to encourage microbial growth.
E) Nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate, and sometimes iron supplements are added to the spill zone to encourage microbial growth.
A biological safety cabinet minimizes the chances of contaminating cultures by all of the following except A) maintaining a specific flow of filtered alr. B) readily being decontaminated using UV light. C) limiting access to inside the cabinet. D) regular surface cleaning with an antimicroblal solution. E) consistent flame sterilization on the inside surfaces.
E) consistent flame sterilization on the inside surfaces.
All of the following are or can be produced by microbes except A) biofuels like diesel. B) drugs like penicillin. C) food like chocolate. D) consumer products like biodegradable plastics. E) electronics like computer memory.
E) electronics like computer memory.
The goal of the streak plate technique is to A) compare how the shape, color and margin differ in colonies from a pure culture. B) spread out a thick layer of bacteria and isolate the bacteria that outcompete the rest. C) visualize all of the colonies on a plate from a pure culture. D) compare all of the colonies on a plate with a mixed culture. E) isolate a pure culture for study from a single colony.
E) isolate a pure culture for study from a single colony.
The acid-fast stain is an important diagnostic tool for detecting the causative agent(s) of A) malaria. B) plague. C) gonorrhea. D) Lyme disease and necrotizing fasciitis. E) tuberculosis and leprosy.
E) tuberculosis and leprosy
Florence Nightingale investigated processes for aseptic sterilizing instruments, and sanitizing wounds with surgery and her work in the 1860s proved that carbolic acid encouraged healing and prevented pus formation. True False
False
Proper hand-washing technique can remove normal microblota. True False
False
Robert Hooke refined earlier versions of the microscope and became the first to see bacteria. True False
False
All of the following are reasons to classify a new strain of bacteria except A) 50% different genetic material. B) take up genetic material from their environment. C) mutations. D) genetic variant. E) gene transfers.
A) 50% different genetic material.
bacteria can create sticky communities called which are made up of single or diverse microbial species. A) Planktonic; biofilms B) Plaque; hangouts C) Pathogenic; quorums D) Infectious; flora E) Matrix; cavities
A) Planktonic; biofilms
Which of the following statements is true about the decolorizing step for the acid-fast stain? A) The decolorizing step is the differentiating step. B) Because acid-fast bacteria have a waxy cell wall that resists decolorization by the acetone-alcohol rinse, they appear a deep blue at the end of the procedure. C) Over-decolorizing can lead to false-positive results. D) Non-acid-fast bacteria appear bright pink-red at the end of the procedure. E) Acetone-alcohol solution is the decolorizing agent.
A) The decolorizing step is the differentiating step.
Which of the following does not contribute to shifts in our normal microbiota? A) proper hand-washing technique B) age C) diet D) hormonal changes E) our general environment
A) proper hand-washing technique
Microbes and humans have evolved a variety of relationships, including. where microbes help the host. A) symbiotic; mutualism B) dynamic; commensalism C) symbiotic; commensalism D) commensal; mutualism E) symbiotic; parasitism
A) symbiotic; mutualism
A) Immersion Which of the following statements is false? oll is used to get a better B) Immersion oll has a lower refractive index than the glass slide to help increase sample clarity. resolution at high-power magnifications. C) Resolution Is the ability to D) Immersion oll channels as much distinguish two distinct points as separate. light as possible up through the objective lens instead of being bent. E) Ultimately, the resolving power of bright field microscopes is limited by the wavelength of visible light.
B) Immersion oll has a lower refractive index than the glass slide to help increase sample clarity. resolution at high-power magnifications.
When practicing aseptic culturing techniques, it is important to keep all of the following in mind except A) the media used to grow the specimen is sterile. B) as long as nothing unintended touches the media, there will be no contamination. C) all of the instruments and lab ware that directly touch the specimen is sterile. D) gloves and other protecting clothing may be required depending on the specimen being used. E) surrounding surfaces are decontaminated before and after handling cultures.
B) as long as nothing unintended touches the media, there will be no contamination.
Normal microbiota are responsible for all of the following except A) producing vitamins for us. B) controlling epigenetic expression. C) impacting our moods and brain functions. D) training our immune system. E) helping us digest foods.
B) controlling epigenetic expression.
What is the order of the taxonomic hierarchy from least specific to most specific? A) domain, phylum, order, kingdom, class, family, genus, species B) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specles C) domain, order, class, kingdom, phylum, species, family, genus D) class, order, phylum, kingdom, domain, genus, family, species E) species, genus, order, family, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
B) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specles
Aseptic technique can be used for all of the following except A) safely studying microbes in the laboratory. B) sterilizing working surfaces. C) limiting the spread of diseases. D) keeping samples pure for studying. E) preventing healthcare-acquired infections.
B) sterilizing working surfaces.
All of the following can make interpreting the Gram stain difficult except A) testing bacteria that are forming endospores. B) the culture is between 24 and 48 hours old. C) testing bacteria with especially resistant cell walls. D) testing bacteria that have a waxy cell wall. E) the culture is more than 48 hours old and contains damaged cells.
B) the culture is between 24 and 48 hours old.
How many principles are there in Koch's postulates of disease? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
D) 4
Why can't prokaryotic species be defined as a group of similar organisms that could sexually reproduce together? A) The mating rituals of bacteria have not been studied enough. B) Bacteria are all too different to be considered similar. C) We can't see them in enough detail to tell how similar they really are yet. D) Bacteria reproduce asexually. E) They can be.
D) Bacteria reproduce asexually.
statements about bright field microscopy are true? is great for seeing has the sample appear living samples. Which of the following A) Bright fleld microscopy B) Bright field microscopy C) Dark field, phase contract, and differential samples. as interference a brighter contrasting image on a dark background. contract microscopy are better for observing dead D) Bright fleld microscopy E) Bright fleld microscopy is the simplest and most common is able to see specimens without natural coloration. form of microscopy.
D) Bright fleld microscopy
Which of the following statements is false? A) Fluorochromes can be natural or synthetic. B) Scanning electron microscopy provides information about surface structures. C) Fluorescence microscopy is when fluorochromes stain a sample so it will fluoresce when exposed to UV light. light. D) Immunofluorescence is when fluorochromes bind to a specific target and fluoresce after exposure to UV E) Transmission electron microscopy provides information about internal structures.
D) Immunofluorescence is when fluorochromes bind to a specific target and fluoresce after exposure to UV
Carriers of the sickle-cell gene A) are often found in high concentrations in U.S. cities. B) experience painful changes in nerve cell shape. C) are more lilkely to die from a malarla infection. D) have a survival advantage in areas where malaria is common. E) are more susceptible to contracting malaria.
D) have a survival advantage in areas where malaria is common.
Robert Koch helped establish the germ theory of disease by discovering that anthrax was caused by a disease. After he isolated and purified the same bacteria from several diseased animals, what would be the next step in order to show that this bacteria caused anthrax? A) find out if antibiotics treat the diseased animals B) perform physiological testing C) culture the bacteria on Petri dishes D) introduce the bacteria into a new mouse to see if it established the same infection E) visualize the bacteria with an electron microscope
D) introduce the bacteria into a new mouse to see if it established the same infection
Inference-observation confusion occurs when someone A) incorrectly assesses a patient. B) remembers events wrong. C) lies about what happened. D) jumps to a conclusion. E) cannot understand your accent.
D) jumps to a conclusion.
Biofilms allow microbes to coordinate responses within an environment, making the community much more durable than single free-floating bacteria. True False
True
Fixation adheres the sample to the slide, so that it is not as easily washed away during the staining process, but does not kill most of the cells in the specimen so that they can be clearly viewed. True False
True
Knowing the Gram property of a specimen features of the organism, and what antiblotics might be most effective in combating it has important clinical implications, Including potential pathogeric True False
True
Only a small minority of microbes are human pathogens. True False
True
Simple staining techniques use one dye. True False
True
