Micro final Questions (ch.11)
___ is the process of freezing & drying used to preserve microbes in viable state for many years 1. Pasteurizatin 2. lyophilization c. Incineration d. Tyndallization
2. lyophilization
Which of the following chemical agents is not sporicidal? A) Alcohol B) Hydrogen peroxide, stabilized C) Glutaraldehyde D) Ethylene oxide gas E) Formaldehyde
A) Alcohol
Both ionizing and nonionizing radiation tend to effect what? A) DNA B) RNA C) Cell membrane D) Cell wall E) Proteins
A) DNA
Which of the following terms is defined as the destruction of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores? A) Disinfection B) Antisepsis C) Sterilization D) Degermation E) Microbicida
A) Disinfection
Common methods of using moist heat to control microbial growth include all but which of the following? A) Incineration B) Steam under pressure C) Nonpressurized steam D) Boiling water E) Pasteurization
A) Incineration
Agents that alter protein function may do all but which of the following? A) Prevent peptide bond formation B) Denature proteins C) Coagulate proteins D) Alter an enzyme's active site E) Prevent an enzyme from interacting with its substrate
A) Prevent peptide bond formation
14. The minimum sterilizing conditions in a steam autoclave are: A. 121 C at 15 psi for 15 minutes. B. 63 C for 30 minutes. C. 160 C for 2 hours. D. 71.6 C for 15 seconds. E. 100 C for 30 minutes.
A. 121 C at 15 psi for 15 minutes
20. Which of the following does not contain a heavy metal? A. Tincture of iodine B. Merthiolate C. Silver nitrate solutions D. Zinc E. Mercurochrome
A. Tincture of iodine
19. HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from: A. air. B. liquids. C. human tissues. D. medical instruments. E. All of the choices are correct.
A. air
6. The use of a physical or chemical process to destroy vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects is: A. disinfection. B. sterilization. C. antisepsis. D. sanitization.
A. disinfection
31. The sterilizing gas used in a special chamber is: A. ethylene oxide. B. iodophor. C. glutaraldehyde. D. formaldehyde. E. chlorine dioxide.
A. ethylene oxide
36. Which of the following chemicals is a disinfectant for soft contact lenses? A. hydrogen peroxide B. alcohol C. hexachlorophene D. glutaraldehyde E. hypochorites
A. hydrogen peroxide
12. Dry heat: A. is less efficient than moist heat. B. cannot sterilize. C. includes tyndallization. D. is used in devices called autoclaves. E. will sterilize at 121 C for 15 minutes.
A. is less efficient than moist heat
16. Disinfection of beverages, such as apple juice, milk, and wine, is optimally achieved by: A. pasteurization. B. chlorination. C. moist heat autoclave. D. filtration. E. boiling water.
A. pasteurization
34. Ethylene oxide is: A. sporicidal. B. only effective with high heat. C. the active agent in household bleach. D. used as an antiseptic against anaerobes. E. a halogen.
A. sporicidal
23. Which control method would not be a suitable choice for killing Mycobacteria in a capped culture tube? A. ultraviolet (germicidal) light B. gamma rays C. 121 C at 15 psi for 15 minutes D. 160 C for 2 hours E. All of the choices are correct.
A. ultraviolet (germicidal) light
Microbiological contaminants are best described as: A. unwanted microbes present on or in a substance. B. any and all microbes present on or in a substance. C. pathogenic microbes present on or in a substance. D. vegetative microbes present on or in a substance. E. None of the choices are correct.
A. unwanted microbes present on or in a substance
What is the most widely used of the physical methods of microbial control? A) Filtration B) Heat C) Radiation D) Cold E) Ultrasonic waves
B) Heat
What is the goal of sterilization? A) The destruction to protozoan trophozoites B) The destruction of bacterial endospores C) The destruction or inhibition of vegetative pathogens through chemicals applied to body surfaces D) To temporarily inhibit the reproduction of microbes but not inflict irreversible damage E) The destruction of fungal sexual spores (zygospores)
B) The destruction of bacterial endospores
Microbial death is defined as which of the following? A) The permanent termination of an organism's vital processes B) The permanent loss of reproductive capability, even under optimum growth conditions C) The loss of movement in a motile microbe D) Exposure to a chemical or physical agent for a period of time until a cell structure becomes dysfunctional E) Irreversible damage to a cell
B) The permanent loss of reproductive capability, even under optimum growth conditions
26. Iodophors include: A. Chloramines. B. Betadine. C. Tincture of iodine. D. Alcohols. E. Chlorhexidine.
B. Betadine
27. The compound that is an organic base containing chlorine and two phenolic rings and is used increasingly for handscrubbing, neonatal washes, wound degerming, and prepping surgical skin sites is: A. Carbolic acid. B. Chlorhexidine. C. Triclosan. D. Formalin. E. Quarternary ammonium compounds.
B. Chlorhexidine
42. Which common hospital pathogen is able to grow abundantly in soap dishes? A. Escherichia coli B. Pseudomonas C. Hemophilus influenzae D. Mycobacteria tuberculosis E. Salmonella
B. Pseudomonas
35. Which of the following is being used to replace hypochlorites in treating water because of the possibility of cancer-causing substances being produced? A. hydrogen peroxide B. chloramines C. fluorine D. quaternary ammonium compounds E. sodium iodide
B. chloramines
43. All of the following are correct about the autoclave, except: A. it is important not to overload the chamber. B. it is effective for sterilizing powders, oils, and waxy substances. C. the duration of the process depends on how full the chamber is. D. it is the temperature that kills the microbes, not the pressure by itself. E. sterilization is achieved when steam condenses against the objects in the chamber and raises their temperatures.
B. it is effective for sterilizing powders, oils, and waxy substances.
4. The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores is: A. disinfection. B. sterilization. C. antisepsis. D. sanitization. E. degermation.
B. sterilization
38. All of the following are correct about food irradiation, except: A. food is not made radioactive by the process. B. the World Health Organization does not endorse this process. C. it is approved in the U.S. for beef, chicken, and pork. D. it can lead to a longer shelf life for the irradiated food. E. no irradiated food can be sold without clear labeling.
B. the World Health Organization does not endorse this process
15. The shortest time required to kill all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the: A. thermal death point (TDP). B. thermal death time (TDT). C. sporicidal time. D. death phase point. E. None of the choices are correct.
B. thermal death time (TDT)
30. All of the following are correct about iodophors, except: A. they are complexes of iodine and a neutral polymer. B. this formulation allows a quick release of free iodine. C. this formulation increases its penetration. D. it is less prone to staining or irritating tissue. E. a common iodophor is Betadine.
B. this formulation allows a quick release of free iodine
22. The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are: A. naked viruses. B. vegetative bacteria and fungi. C. endospores. D. protozoan cysts. E. Mycobacterium and Staphylococcus.
B. vegetative bacteria and fungi
Of the microbial forms listed below, which exhibits the highest level of resistance to physical and chemical methods of growth control? A) Protozoan cysts B) Most vegetative bacterial cells C) Bacterial endospores D) Naked viruses E) Yeasts
C) Bacterial endospores
Which of the following effectively sterilizes plastic materials and surgical supplies? A) Autoclave B) Chlorine C) Ethylene oxide D) Dry heat E) Soaps
C) Ethylene oxide
Desirable qualities in a microbicidal chemical include all but which of the following? A) Rapid action B) Inexpensive C) Inactivated by organic matter D) Broad spectrum E) Soluble in water or alcohol
C) Inactivated by organic matter
Exposure to cold temperatures has what effect on microorganisms? A) It removes moisture from the environment and thus prevents growth B) It oxidizes and coagulates proteins C) It retards the activities of most microbes D) It denatures proteins E) It kills endospores and thermophilic organisms
C) It retards the activities of most microbe
Which of the following does not affect the action of antimicrobial agents? A) Time B) Temperature and pH of the environment C) Presence of water D) Number of microorganisms present E) Mode of action of the agent
C) Presence of water
Which of the following is not a concern that must be taken into consideration when selecting a method of microbial control? A) The method must be suitable for the application B) The method should not leave an undesirable residue behind C) The method should be effective regardless of cost and labor effectiveness D) The method should destroy only the microbial forms present E) If the disinfected item is to be reused, it should be able to withstand the antimicrobial treatment
C) The method should be effective regardless of cost and labor effectiveness
32. The chemical agent that produces highly reactive hydroxyl-free radicals and also decomposes to O2 gas is: A. Cidex. B. Cationic detergents. C. Hydrogen peroxide. D. Chlorhexidine. E. Iodophors.
C. Hydrogen peroxide
7. The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is: A. disinfection. B. sterilization. C. antisepsis. D. sanitization. E. degermation.
C. antisepsis
10. Which is correct regarding the rate of microbial death? A. cells die at increasingly greater rates B. only older cells die in a culture C. cells in a culture die at a constant rate D. upon contact with the control agent, all cells die at one time
C. cells in a culture die at a constant rate
24. All of the following pertain to hypochlorites, except: A. release hypochlorous acid in solution. B. cause denaturation of enzymes. C. found in iodophors. D. used to disinfect dairy, restaurant, and medical equipment. E. found in common household bleach.
C. found in iodophors
37. Which of the following is officially accepted as a sterilant and high-level disinfectant? A. benzalkonium chloride B. silver nitrate C. glutaraldehyde D. triclosan E. cresol
C. glutaraldehyde
40. All of the following are methods of disinfection or sterilization, except: A. gamma radiation. B. dry oven. C. lyophilization. D. triclosan. E. ethanol.
C. lyophilization
What microbes were used in the Senate's Hart Office Building to ensure that the fumigation and cleanup of Bacillus anthracis endospores was successful? A) Escherichia coli B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Protozoan cysts D) Bacillus stearothermophilus E) Fungal spores
D) Bacillus stearothermophilus
Physical and chemical antimicrobial agents can target all but which of the following? A) Protein function B) Cell membrane integrity C) DNA replication D) Capsule formation E) Cell wall synthesis
D) Capsule formation
Which of the following is NOT a method of microbial control used in ancient times? A) Salting, smoking, pickling, and drying foods B) Exposing food, clothing, and bedding to sunlight C) Boiling drinking water D) Consuming molds to derive antibiotic benefits E) Burying human wastes
D) Consuming molds to derive antibiotic benefits
Phenolics used for disinfection include all but which of the following? A) Phenol B) pHisoHex (hexachlorophene) C) Lysol D) Hydrogen peroxide E) Triclosan
D) Hydrogen peroxide
Overuse of germicides is leading to all BUT which of the following problems? A) Survival and growth advantages of resistant strains B) Obsessive fear of "germs" among the general public C) The selection of "supermicrobes" D) Increased sensitivity of microbes to the phenolic triclosan E) A reduction in natural contact with microbes required for maintenance of normal flora and for stimulation of immunity
D) Increased sensitivity of microbes to the phenolic triclosan
Pasteurization rids liquids of what microbial form? A) Endospores B) Thermoduric organisms C) Nonpathogenic lactobacilli D) Most viruses and vegetative stages of 97-99% of bacteria and fungi E) Nonpathogenic micrococc
D) Most viruses and vegetative stages of 97-99% of bacteria and fungi
29. Which is mismatched? A. Sodium hypochlorite - chlorine B. Iodophor - iodine C. Benzalkonium chloride - quaternary ammonium compound D. Merthiolate - silver E. Formalin - formaldehyde
D. Merthiolate - silver
3. Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls? A. naked viruses B. protozoan cysts C. fungal spores D. bacterial endospores E. yeast
D. bacterial endospores
5. The process of using a cleansing technique to mechanically remove and reduce microorganisms and debris to safe levels is: A. disinfection. B. sterilization. C. antisepsis. D. sanitization. E. degermation.
D. sanitization
41. Historically, which of the following was instilled into the eyes of newborn infants to prevent gonococcal infections? A. triclosan B. formaldehyde C. phenol D. silver nitrate E. mercurochrome
D. silver nitrate
9. Which of the following types of control agents would be used to achieve sterility? A. virucide B. bactericide C. germicide D. sporicide E. fungicide
D. sporicide
11. Sterilization is achieved by: A. flash pasteurization. B. hot water. C. boiling water. D. steam autoclave. E. All of the choices are correct.
D. steam autoclave
What term is defined as a chemical agent that is applied directly to body surfaces, wounds, and surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens? A) Bacteriostatic agent B) Fungicide C) Disinfectant D) Sanitizer E) Antiseptic
E) Antiseptic
For what method of microbial growth control is the application of UV light useful? A) Antisepsis B) Sterilization C) Bacteriostasis D) Sanitization E) Disinfection
E) Disinfection
Surfactants function as microbicidal agents because they do what to microorganisms? A) Inhibit peptide bond formation during translation B) Interfere with the synthesis of peptidoglycan C) Prevent mRNA transcription D) Denature proteins E) Disrupt the integrity and lower the surface tension of cell membranes
E) Disrupt the integrity and lower the surface tension of cell membranes
What germicidal chemical is used to prepare skin and mucous membranes for surgery and injections, is included in surgical handscrubs, is used to treat burns, and is used to disinfect equipment and surfaces? A) Ethylene oxide gas B) Formaldehyde C) Phenolics D) Glutaraldehyde E) Iodine/iodophores
E) Iodine/iodophores
Which of the following is NOT an effect of food irradiation? A) It leads to a small decrease in the amount of vitamin B(sub)1(/sub) in food B) It can kill bacterial pathogens that may exist in the food C) It can kill insects and worms that live in or on the food D) It can inhibit white potatoes from sprouting E) It causes the formation of free-radical oxidants that remain in the food indefinitely
E) It causes the formation of free-radical oxidants that remain in the food indefinitely
13. Endospores can be killed by: A. dry heat at 170 C for 2 hours. B. incineration. C. glutaldehyde for 3 or more hours. D. ethylene oxide for 3 or more hours. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct
18. Which of the following items are typically irradiated in order to kill microbes? A. ground beef and other meat and poultry B. human tissues such as heart valves and skin C. operating room air D. surgical gloves E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct
28. Alcohols: A. denature proteins when in a 50-95% solution. B. are used to disinfect items by soaking. C. are skin degerming agents. D. at 50% or higher concentrations dissolve cell membrane lipids. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct
21. All of the following are phenols or phenolics, except: A. Lysol. B. Hexachlorophene. C. Triclosan. D. Cresols. E. Chloramines.
E. Chloramines
25. Which of the following is not used as an antiseptic? A. iodophor B. chlorhexidine C. 3% hydrogen peroxide D. Merthiolate E. aqueous glutaraldehyde
E. aqueous glutaraldehyde
8. Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the skin is: A. disinfection. B. sterilization. C. antisepsis. D. sanitization. E. degermation.
E. degermation
17. Electrons are ejected from atoms in cells when organisms are exposed to: A. dessication. B. ultraviolet light. C. ethyl alcohol. D. hydrogen peroxide. E. gamma rays and X rays.
E. gamma rays and X rays
2. Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all of the following, except: A. ultraviolet radiation. B. boiling water. C. HEPA filters. D. pasteurization. E. hydrogen peroxide.
E. hydrogen peroxide.
39. All of the following are benefits of food irradiation, except: A. it can kill bacterial pathogens on the food. B. it can kill insects on the food. C. it can inhibit the sprouting of white potatoes. D. it can reduce the number of food-borne deaths each year. E. it makes the food less nutritious.
E. it makes the food less nutritious.
33. All the following are correct about detergents, except: A. they are polar molecules that act as surfactants. B. the most effective ones are positively charged. C. in low concentrations they are bacteriostatic. D. they are ineffective against the tuberculosis bacteria. E. they are active in the presence of organic matter.
E. they are active in the presence of organic matter.
__=techniques that prevent the entry of microorganisms into sterile tissues a. Asepsis b. Sepsis c. Degermation d. Antiseptic
a. Asepsis
Which agent if absorbed through the skin, may cause CNS damage a. Phenolics b. Alcohols c. Ethylene oxide gas d. Dyes
a. Phenolics
__=The removal of destruction of all viable microbes a. Sterilization b. Sanitization c. Degermation d. Disinfection
a. Sterilization
The primary action of __ heat is to __ a. dry, alters protein structure b. moist, kill veg cells c. dry, dissolve lipids d. moist, remove water
a. dry, alters protein structure
Silver sulfadiazide is used a. in antiseptic burns b. as a mouthwash c. to treat genital gonorrhea d. to disinfect water
a. in antiseptic burns
Sanitization is a process by which a. the microbial load on objects is reduced b. the objects are made sterile with chemicals c. utensils are scrubbed d. skin is debrided
a. the microbial load on objects is reduced
The temp pressure combo for an autoclave is a. 100C and 4 psi b. 121C and 15 psi c. 131C and 9 psi d. 115C and 3 psi
b. 121C and 15 psi
__=Cleansing technique that removes microbes & debris from inanimate objects a. Sterilization b. Sanitization c. Degermation d. Disinfection
b. Sanitization
__=the growth of microorganisms in the tissues a. Asepsis b. Sepsis c. Degermation d. Antiseptic
b. Sepsis
What is an additive to soap a. Lysol b. Triclosan c. ammonium compounds d. iodine
b. Triclosan
Which of the following is a skin degerming agent a. quanternary ammonium compounds b. chlorhexidine c. phenolics d. mercurials
b. chlorhexidine
Any process that destroys non-spore forming contaminants on inanimate objects is a. antisepsis b. disinfection c. sterilization d. degermination
b. disinfection
High temp __ and low temp __ a. sterilize, disinfect b. kills cells, inhibit cell growth c. denature proteins, burst cells d. speed up metab, slow down metab
b. kills cells, inhibit cell growth
Detergents are a. high-level germicides b. low-level germicides c. excellent antiseptics d. used in disinfecting surgical equipment
b. low-level germicides
The primary mode of action of nonionizing radiation is to: a. produce superoxide ions b. make pyrimidine dimers c. denature proteins d. break disulfide bonds
b. make pyrimidine dimers
__=the destruction, removal, or reduction in number of undesirable microbes a. Disinfection b. Asepsis c. Decontamination d. Sterilization
c. Decontamination
__=Cleansing techniques that removes microbes & debris from living tissue a. Sterilization b. Sanitization c. Degermation d. Disinfection
c. Degermation
__=Destruction of vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects a. Degermation b. Decontamination c. Disinfection d. Sterilization
c. Disinfection
__ is the lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes a. Thermal death time (TDT) b. pasteurization c. Thermal death point (TDP) d. Incineration
c. Thermal death point (TDP)
An example of an agent that lowers the surface tension of cells is a. phenol b. chlorine c. alcohol d. formalin
c. alcohol
Ionizing radiation removes __ from atoms a. protons b. waves c. electrons d. ions
c. electrons
Microbial control methods that kill __ are able to sterilize a. viruses b. tb c. endospores d. cysts
c. endospores
Which of the following is an approved sterilant a. chlorhexidine b. betadyne c. ethylene oxide d. ethyl alcohol
c. ethylene oxide
Which of the following is a disinfectant that can come in contact with mucous membranes a. hydrogen peroxide b. phenolics c. iodine d. soaps
c. iodine
___ is the iodine antiseptic of choice for wound treatment a. 8% tincture b. 5% aqueous c. iodophor d. potassium iodine solution
c. iodophor
Intermittent sterilization for substances that cannot withstand autoclaving is called: 1. Pasteurizatin 2. lyophilization c. Incineration d. Tyndallization
d. Tyndallization
Microbe(s) that is/are the target(s) of pasteurization: a. C. botulinium b. mycobacterium c. salmonella species d. both b & c
d. both b & c
A microbial agents has what effect? a. sterilizes b. inhibits microorganisms c. is toxic to humans d. destroys microorganisms
d. destroys microorganisms
The most versatile method of sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids is a. UV radiation b. exposure to ozone c. beta propiolactone d. filtration
d. filtration
A chemical with sporicidal properties is a. phenol b. alcohol c. quaternary ammonium compound d. glutaraldehyde
d. glutaraldehyde
The primary action of __ heat is to __ a. dry, destroy cell walls b. moist, kill veg cells c. dry, dissolve lipids d. moist, denature proteins
d. moist, denature proteins