microbio ch 23: wound infections

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections? Multiple choice question.

Chills, fever, skin lesions, and shock; pus of a characteristic green color

Why did clostridial myonecrosis kill so many soldiers in wars before the discovery of antibiotics? Multiple choice question.

Clostridial endospores are found in dust and dirt everywhere

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome? Multiple choice question.

High fever, muscle aches, life-threatening drop in blood pressure, and shock; rash and diarrhea sometimes present

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of staphylococcal wound infections?

Inflammatory reaction with swelling, redness, and pain; production of pus; fever if infected area is large or has spread to blood or lymph Need help? Review these concept resources. Feedback Next QuestionReading

At times, wound infections caused by the bacterium ___________________ ____________________ may develop a green color caused by production of water-soluble yellow pyoverdin and blue pyocyanin pigments.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of bartonellosis ("Cat Scratch Disease")?

Pus-filled pimple at the site of injury; painful enlargement of lymph nodes slowly develops; fever and pus-filled lymph nodes may develop

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of tetanus?

Restlessness, irritability, difficulty swallowing, painful and uncontrollable muscle spasms; sometimes seizures

which Staphylococcus species, are the leasing causes of wound infection

S. aureus and S. epidermidis

Individuals at greater risk for Staphylococcus aureus wound infections include ______.

S. aureus carriers those in poor health the elderly immunocompromised

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of clostridial myonecrosis ("gas gangrene")? Multiple choice question.

Severe pain and swelling; fluid leakage from wound that may look frothy; overlying skin becomes stretched tight, mottled with black

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis infections?

Severe pain at site of wound, followed by swelling, fever, and confusion; possible fatigue and vomiting; skin becomes stretched and discolored

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis infections? Multiple choice question.

Severe pain at site of wound, followed by swelling, fever, and confusion; possible fatigue and vomiting; skin becomes stretched and discolored

Members of which genus are the leading causes of wound infections?

Staphylococcus

What is the causative agent of rat-bite fever?

Streptobacillus moniliformis

For staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome to occur, what is required of Staphylococcus aureus?

The strain must produce a toxin

Staphylococcus aureus is ______.

a facultative anaerobe able to grow in relatively dry, salty environments a Gram-positive coccus

Factors that contribute to a wound infection include ______.

a highly virulent microbe debilitated immune status of the host wound that contains foreign material a large number of microbial cells in the wound

Staphylococcus aureus is ______.

able to grow in relatively dry, salty environments a facultative anaerobe a Gram-positive coccus

A localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed body tissue is referred to as a(n)

abscess

A localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed body tissue is referred to as a(n) .

abscess

In a Pasteurella multocida infection, a localized collection of pus within a tissue, or __________________, commonly forms.

abscess

Serious consequences of wound infections include ______.

abscess formation spread of organisms to other organs spread of toxins to other organs delayed healing

Although Clostridium perfringens endospores are ubiquitous in dust and dirt, contamination of wounds with this organism rarely leads to gangrene because the organism grow only in ______ conditions.

anaerobic

The incidence of surgical wound infections can be reduced by as much as 50% if the patient is given ______ medication immediately before and after surgery.

anti-staphylococcal

Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is complicated by ______. Multiple select question.

antibiotic resistance biofilm formation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are treated with ______. Multiple choice question.

antibiotics

The most serious staphylococcal wound infections are caused by Staphylococcus

aureus

Cat scratch disease is the common name for

bartonellosis or lymphoreticulosis

Foreign substance in a wound creates surfaces for ______ development and provides places for microorganisms to multiply out of the reach of phagocytes and other immune defenses.

biofilm

Which of the following are potential sources of infection or events/activities that can result in infection by Clostridium tetani?

body piercing and tattooing injected-drug abuse animal bites and insect stings splinters stepping on a nail fecal contamination

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections of ______. Multiple select question.

burn wounds the lungs

How can staphylococcal infections of wounds be reduced?

by closing the wound promptly by suturing by removing dirt and dead tissue from wounds by cleaning the wound thoroughly

An abscess ______.

can result in infection in other parts of the body, if microbes escape is composed of both living and dead leukocytes and microbes is formed as a result of the body's immune defenses

Bartonellosis is a bacterial disease that can be acquired after being bitten, licked, or scratched by an infected ______. Multiple choice question.

cat

Where would you most likely find endospores of Clostridium tetani?

dirt and dust

A common sign of bartonellosis is ______. Multiple choice question.

enlarged lymph nodes

The development of anaerobic wounds can occur when ______. Multiple choice question.

facultative anaerobes deplete available O2

Streptobacillus moniliformis is a _______.

facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative rod

Streptobacillus moniliformis is a _______. Multiple choice question.

facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative rod

True or false: Tetanus is seldom fatal.

false

Necrotizing fasciitis is called _________________-___________________ disease due to the tissue destruction caused during an infection.

flesh eating

The antibodies in tetanus immune globulin bind to ______.

free toxin only

The thin, bloody or brownish fluid leaking from a wound infected with Clostridium perfringens often appears frothy due to the ______ released by the organism.

gas

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen and significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, is typically found ______.

in a wide variety of environments such as soil and water

A wound that leads to a tissue tear is called a(n) _______, while a blow that crushes tissue produces a(n) _______. Multiple choice question.

laceration; contusion

Compared to dermal mycoses, fungal infections of wounds are ______. Multiple choice question.

more serious

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a(n) _______.

motile Gram-negative rod

Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes strains can destroy tissues that surround muscles and body organs, resulting in ______. Multiple choice question.

necrotizing fasciitis

The individual in this picture is suffering from a very debilitating disease called ___________________-_____________________or "flesh-eating disease".

necrotizing fasciitis

In ______ individuals, a wound contaminated with endospores of Clostridium tetani is often fatal.

non-immunized

Infections caused by most human bites are due to ______.

normal mouth microbiota

The condition most likely to be associated with tetanus is ______.

not being immunized

Because Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the normal microbiota of the skin, a wound infection caused by this organism would be considered an ________________________infection.

opportunistic

For a person with tetanus, the cause of death is often ______.

pneumonia lung damage

Conditions in a wound that could lead to the development of anaerobic conditions include ______.

polymicrobial infection that includes aerobes or facultative anaerobes extensive damaged contamination with dirt

Based on this Gram stain preparation, Clostridium tetani is a Gram- _______________rod that produces terminal ________________

positive, endospores

Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus, ______. Multiple select question.

produces a toxin that causes the disease symptoms is a Gram-positive rod produces endospores

Staphylococcus species are ________________ meaning that they cause the production of pus.

pyogenic

Animal bites are of special concern because of the risk of the viral disease ______.

rabies

What is another name for sporotrichosis?

rose gardener's disease

Sporotrichosis is also known as __________________ ____________________disease because it is mostly associated with puncture wounds from plant material.

rose garder's

Fungal wound infections are typically caused by ______.

soil fungi that enter through injuries that allow them to invade subcutaneous tissue

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Pasteurella multocida bite wound infections?

spreading redness, tissue tenderness, swelling; pus discharge; abscesses often form; can lead to bloodstream invasion, loss of function

Which of the following diseases are occasionally transmitted via human bites?

syphilis and hepatitis B

Muscular spasms, often beginning with the jaw muscles (lockjaw), is associated with the disease

tetanus

Tetanus is treated by injecting ______. Multiple choice question.

tetanus immune globulin

Treating staphylococcal infections can be challenging because ______. Multiple choice question.

the causative organisms are often resistant to antibiotics

If a wound infection spreads to artificial devices, ______.

the device may need to be removed to eliminate the infection

Treating staphylococcal infections can be challenging because ______.

they are often resistant to antibiotics

True or false: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with lung and wound infections. True false question.

true

Staphylococcal infections are difficult to treat because of the evolution of drug-resistant strains. These include _________________ _____________________Staphylococcus aureus (VISA).

vancomycin intermediate

Which type of bite wound is of the greatest concern with respect to rabies risk? Multiple choice question.

wild animal