microbiology capstone review

Oral and vaginal thrush are caused by

Candida albicans

Endospore formation is characteristic of the members of the genus

Clostridium

What organism is an exotoxin producer?

Clostridium perfringens

Ophthalmia neonatorum is an infection caused by a species of bacteria which is a member of the genus

Neisseria

Acne, boils, and pus formation on the skin is most commonly caused by

Staphylococcus aureus

The causative agent of the infection called septic sore throat is

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which disease is caused by a spiral-shaped organism?

Syphilis

What type of virus would have an anity for the liver?

Viscerotropic

A person who harbors a pathogenic microbe but does not exhibit any symptoms of the disease which it is known to cause is

a carrier

An agent which liberates gases or fumes for the purpose of destruction of insects and microorganisms is called

a fumigant

An organism upon which a pathogen lives is

a host

Which of the following is dened as a localized accumulation of pus?

abscess

The type of immunity conferred after birth is called

acquired

Vaccines bring about a type of immunity referred to as

active

What carrier harbors and disseminates the causative agents of a disease for a long time following recovery from the disease?

active

An infection which has a relatively short and severe course is termed

acute

Which of these infections occurs with rapid onset and short duration?

acute infection

Which disease is caused by a protozoan parasite?

amoebic dysentery

The inhibition of bacterial growth and reproduction without necessarily destroying the organisms is the result of

an antiseptic

An association of two organisms that is detrimental to one is

antibiosis

Substances produced by body cells to combat foreign proteins introduced into the living body are called

antibodies

The ultraviolet rays contained in direct sunlight

are bactericidal

The type of acquired immunity that results from the inoculation of immune serum is called

artificially acquired passive

Rod-shaped bacteria are called

bacilli

Those bacteria that may be capable of forming spores are called

bacilli

The presence of bacteria in the blood with no noticeable growth or reproduction is

bacteremia

Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla are shapes of

bacteria

What transmits diseases by biting the host?

biological vectors

Free-owing steam is about equal to

boiling

Least likely to be a viral disease is

bubonic plague

A gelatinous envelope that surrounds a bacilli is a

capsule

The smallest unit in which a living organism can survive independently is a

cell

Those bacteria that are spherical in shape are called

cocci

which of the following is an example of a fomite?

coffee cup

A highly communicable disease which is easily spread directly from person to person is considered

contagious

What type of viral diseases would cause lesions of the skin?

dermatrophic

The destruction of all pathogens and their products is termed

disinfection

Normal flora bacteria will cause which type of infection?

endogenous

What infection is one in which the causative agents enter the body, from the outside, by entering through one of the portals of entry?

exogenous

__________________ are poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released into the surrounding medium by the living cells.

exotoxins

Those bacteria that prefer to live in the presence of free oxygen but can live in its absence are called

facultative anaerobes

A bacterium that prefers dead inorganic material, but can also obtain nourishment from living organic material is a

facultative parasite

The structures that produce motility for bacterial cells are the

flagella

Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis are caused by

fungi

Mycology is the study of

fungi

Those organisms that reproduce by budding are

fungi

An agent which destroys yeasts and molds is termed a/an

fungicide

A highly developed state of resistance to a specific disease is called

immunity

Diplococci appear

in pairs

The invasion, multiplication, and spreading of microorganisms causing harm to the host is

infection

What term refers to the invasion of the body by macroscopic parasites?

infestation

The type of immunity that is inherited is called

innate

Viruses have been found to be capable of infecting

insects, man, animals

The bacterial spore is called an endospore because

it is formed within the cell

The study of all microscopic life forms is

microbiology

The size of bacteria is measured in a special unit called

micrometer

An animal or plant of microscopic size is called a

microorganism

An infection that is caused by two or more dierent organisms is a

mixed infection

What condition is most desired by mesophilic bacteria?

moderate temperatures

molds are

multicellular

Which disease is NOT dermatrophic?

mumps

A mutually advantageous symbiotic relationship between two organisms is

mutualism

What is the classification for the disease poliomyelitis?

neurotrophic

A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another is

non-communicable

The material of inheritance is contained within the

nuclear body

A communicable disease that has spread to more than one country may be described as

pandemic

What is used as a standard to measure the eciency of chemical disinfectants?

phenol

Congenital disease transmission occurs through the

placenta

Which virus attacks the respiratory tract?

pneumotrophic

The bacteria which contain nuclear bodies are

procaryotic

What mechanical method of sanitation is likely to be used in the practice of mortuary hygiene?

scrubbing

What infection is one which occurs in an individual who already has an infection of another type?

secondary

What is an infection of the blood with actual growth and multiplication of pathogens in the blood?

septicemia

What is the most common mode of transmission for gonorrhea?

sexual conduct

The word "streptococcus" describes

spherical cells arranged in chains

A communicable disease that occurs in a community only as an occasional case is termed

sporadic

Spore forming bacteria under unfavorable conditions are called

sporulating

The destruction of all microorganisms and their products is termed

sterilization

A virus is a

strict parasite

What infection occurs as a late complication of another disease and is itself the actual cause of death.

terminal

What part of the body is affected by encephalitis?

the brain

Congenital disease transmission occurs through

the placenta

What is NOT a factor in the action of a chemical disinfectant?

time of day

The type of lesion most closely associated with tuberculosis is

tubercle

Protozoa may be classified as

unicellular

What is a chemical agent capable of killing viral organisms?

viricide

the study of the smallest microscopic life forms is

virology

The degree of the ability of a microbe to produce disease is measured as

virulence

Antibiotics have thus far been ineffective against most varieties or types of

viruses

Where are spores formed?

within the cell cytoplasm

Those eucaryotic, true fungi, that reproduce by budding are called?

yeast

Which organisms are known as "true fungi"?

yeasts

A micrometer is equal to approximately

1/25000 of an inch