Microbiology Ch 14

. Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

A. Cause a fever

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ______.

A. GALT

A patient visits your clinic often with recurrent respiratory infections. Based upon their medical history, it appears they have been an active smoker for over 40 years. Select the statement that most accurately reflects how this information may reveal why the patient is highly susceptible to respiratory pathogens.

A. Smoking can paralyze the ciliary escalator

Which of the following is mismatched in relation to inflammation? A. Tumor - cancer B. Rubor - redness C. Dolor - pain D. Calor - warmth

A. Tumor - cancer

Each of the following are benefits of fever except

A. it increases the availability of iron.

The normal human microbiota is considered part of the 1st line of defense because

A. microbial antagonism keeps potential pathogens in check

After loading wood into a fireplace, you realize you have gotten a splinter in your finger. Within a short period of time, your finger is painful, red, and swollen, and is warm to the touch. This is an example of ______.

A. nonspecific resistance

The granules of eosinophils contain ______.

A. peroxidase

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances? A. Hydrogen peroxide B. Nitric oxide C. Lactic acid D. Superoxide anion E. All of these are used

All are used

You cut your finger dicing chicken for dinner. Which of the following is not a source of chemicals that stimulate the inflammatory response that results from the injury?

Antibody-producing plasma cells

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammatory process?

. Injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has chemicals in its cell wall that inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes. Which statement is true?

. The bacterium can survive and replicate inside of the phagocytic cell.

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

B. Intracellular fluid

All of the following are granulocytes except _____. A. neutrophils B. eosinophils C. lymphocytes D. basophils E. All of the choices are granulocytes

C. lymphocytes

Lysozyme is found in ______. A. tears B. salivary secretions C. sweat from sweat glands D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is incorrect about complement? A. It acts in a cascade reaction. B. It is composed of at least 20 blood proteins. C. It involves a classical pathway. D. It only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen. E. It involves an alternate pathway

D. It only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen.

Components of the first line of defense include all of the following, except

D. phagocytic white blood cells.

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Diapedesis

All of the following pertain to platelets, except . they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells. B. they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. C. they function in blood clotting and inflammation. D. they function primarily in hemostasis. E. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

E. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

All of the following pertain to interferon except

Increase capillary permeability and vasodilation

All of the following comprise the second line of defense except ______.

antibody production

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are ______.

basophils

A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

chills

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all of the following except ______.

chills

Microbial antagonism is the

competition for nutrients, oxygen, and space between the resident microbiota and potential pathogens.

The _____ system of blood proteins act to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

complement

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is an intricate network throughout the body that comprises

connective tissue fibers and phagocytic white blood cells.

A type of monocyte that has long, thin processes to trap pathogens is a(n) ______.

dendritic cell

The granules of neutrophils contain ______.

digestive enzymes

The leakage of vascular fluid into tissues is called ______.

edema

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ______.

eosinophils

Which type of white blood cell is particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections?

eosinophils

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that appear with identifying, characteristic colors in a stained blood smear

granulocytes

The granules of basophils contain ______.

histamine

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells that need to produce antiviral proteins?

interferon

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

lymph nodes

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

lymphocyte

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's specific immune system?

lymphocytes

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ______.

lysozyme

Humoral immunity involves ______, while _____ function in cell-mediated immunity.

macrophages

All of the following are events of early inflammation except

macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis

Diapedesis is the

migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.

Which white blood cells comprise 3-7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

monocytes

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ______.

neutrophils

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced in order to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

phagocytosis

Each of the following is a term reflecting a process involved in the migration of white blood cells except ______.

phagocytosis

Plasma cells

produce and secrete antibodies

Hematopoiesis is the

production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

Genetic markers that distinguish a self cell from a foreign invader are typically ______.

proteins and glycoproteins

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ______.

pyrogens

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ______.

respiratory tract

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

spleen

One of the major differences between the first and second line of defense is that

the first line defenses are anatomical barriers whereas the second line defenses are mechanisms.

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

thymus

You have severe itching problems when bitten by an insect. Your friend gives you an ointment to spread on your skin around the bite so that the redness and itching do not bother you. The likely mechanism of this medication would be

to act as an antagonist of histamine.

Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all

vasoactive mediators.

Which of the following represents the correct order of activity in the complement cascade?

Initiation, amplification, polymerization, and membrane attack

Place the following cells in order from greatest to least phagocytic activity: neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages

Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

PAMPs

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?

THey include glial cells

Your 81-year old grandfather has been diagnosed with cancer of the thymus. The doctor is urging surgical removal of the cancer, but you and the family are worried about the consequences of removing an entire organ such as the thymus. Which statement is correct?

There is nothing to worry about; thymus removal will not affect your grandfather's immune status at his age.

The main function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to provide

a connection between tissues and organs.

If an individual has a genetic disorder whereby they lack the ability to make complement protein C3, the likely consequence is

a higher incidence of bacterial and viral infections.

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves

a ring-shaped protein digesting holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes

Nonspecific chemical defenses include A. lysozyme. B. lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. C. the skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. D. stomach hydrochloric acid. E. All of the choices are correct

all

Plasma A. is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. B. is mostly water. C. contains albumin and globulins. D. contains fibrinogen. E. All of the choices are correct.

all