Microbiology Ch4- Exam 2
The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is ________. A) 30S B) 40S C) 50S D) 70S E) 80S
80S
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________. A) A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell B) A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell C) A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell D) A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of ________. A) sterols B) proteins C) phospholipids D) cholesterol E) All of the choices are correct.
All choices are correct
The cytoskeleton ________. A) anchors organelles B) provides support C) functions in movements of the cytoplasm D) helps maintain cell shape E) All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Lysosomes E) All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
Which of the following is not classified as a helminth? A) Tapeworm B) Fluke C) Flatworm D) Roundworm E) All of the choices are helminths.
All of the choices are helminths
Which of the following lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria evolved from the endosymbiosis of a pre-eukaryotic cell with a prokaryote? A) They contain circular molecules of DNA B) They contain 70S ribosomes C) They divide independently from the cell D) All of these suggest that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes.
All of these suggest that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes.
Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility.
FALSE
All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants and animals.
FALSE
All fungi have hyphae.
FALSE
In humans, fungi can only infect the skin.
FALSE
Scientists believe that the modern eukaryotic cell evolved 3.5 billion years ago when a photosynthetic bacteria and an aerobic bacteria fused together.
FALSE
The cell wall of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the bacterial cell wall.
FALSE
The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols.
FALSE
The nuclear envelope is a single layer.
FALSE
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________. A) mitochondria B) lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) chloroplast E) endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following are mismatched? A) Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals B) Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2 C) Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
Which of the following describes the relationship between the fungal hyphae and mycelia? A) Hyphae are filamentous cells that grow together in an intertwined mass called a mycelium. B) Mycelia are filamentous cells that grow together to form hyphae. C) Colonies of yeasts grow together to form hyphae, which then extend to form a mycelium. D) Septate hyphae aggregate to form mycelia and nonseptate hyphae form yeasts through budding.
Hyphae are filamentous cells that grow together in an intertwined mass called a mycelium.
Which of the following does not pertain to helminths? A) In kingdom Protista B) Parasitic worms C) Eggs and sperm used for reproduction D) Often alternate hosts in complex life cycles E) Have various organ systems
In kingdom Protista
Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton? A) Structural framework for the cell B) Anchor points for organelles C) Made up of microfilaments D) Made up of microtubules E) Made up of cilia
Made up of cilia
Which fiber of the cytoskeleton is a hollow tube that is also a component of flagella and the spindle fibers that form during mitosis? A) Microtubules B) Actin filaments C) Intermediate filaments D) Hyphae
Microtubules
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx? A) Protection B) Adherence C) Movement D) Reception of chemical signals E) All of the choices are functions.
Movement
After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease? A) HIV B) Nagleria fowleri C) Plasmodium falciparum D) Trichophyton E) Histoplasma capsulatum
Plasmodium falciparum
Which is mismatched? A) Giardia — causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water B) Histoplasma — fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever C) Trichomonas — sexually transmitted vaginal infection D) Plasmodium — protozoan that causes Chagas disease E) Naegleria — amoeba that causes brain infection
Plasmodium — protozoan that causes Chagas disease
Which of the following statements is true concerning the evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A) Rather than eukaryotes evolving from prokaryotes, evidence suggests that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a precursor of these called the Last Common Ancestor. B) Studies suggest that eukaryotes evolved directly from prokaryotes C) Genetic evidence has shown that archaea were the precursor to prokaryotes, which in turn were the precursor to eukaryotes. D) Evolutionary biologists have shown that eukaryotes appeared first and led to the evolution of prokaryotic cells.
Rather than eukaryotes evolving from prokaryotes, evidence suggests that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a precursor of these called the Last Common Ancestor.
All algae have chloroplasts.
TRUE
Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.
TRUE
Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
TRUE
Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses.
TRUE
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.
TRUE
The Last Common Ancestor gave rise to the cells in the three domains that we recognize today; bacteria archaea and eukaryotes.
TRUE
A saprobe differs from a parasite in that ________. A) a saprobe acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue B) a parasite acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a saprobe acquires its nutrients from living tissue C) a saprobe synthesizes its nutrients using light energy and CO2 whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue D) a parasite synthesizes its nutrients using light energy and CO2 whereas a saprobe acquires its nutrients from living tissue
a saprobe acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue
Protists include ________. A) yeasts and molds B) algae and protozoa C) helminths D) All of the choices are correct. E) None of the choices are correct.
algae and protozoa
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the ________. A) amoeba/sarcodina B) ciliophora C) mastigophora D) apicomplexa/sporozoa E) None of the choices are correct
apicomplexa/sporozoa
Protozoan cysts ________. A) are part of all protozoan life cycles B) are necessary for transmission to a new host C) are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions D) are the primary form of replication E) All of the choices are correct
are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________. A) motility B) ectoplasm and endoplasm C) heterotrophic nutrition D) formation of a cyst stage E) cell wall
cell wall
Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Chloroplast E) Endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the ________. A) nuclear envelope B) nucleosome C) nucleolus D) nucleoplasm E) chromatin
chromatin
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________. A) are used for cell motility B) facilitate chemotaxis C) facilitate phototaxis D) are long, whiplike structures E) contain microtubules
contain microtubules
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ________. A) endospore B) cyst C) seed D) trophozoite E) sporozoa
cyst
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the ________. A) cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus B) nucleus; Golgi apparatus C) cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum D) nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host? A) Primary host B) Secondary host C) Definitive host D) Transport host E) Mating takes place in all hosts.
definitive host
In humans, helminths generally infect the ________. A) digestive tract B) urinary tract C) nervous system D) muscular system E) skin
digestive tract
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called ________. A) dimorphic B) saprobes C) pseudohyphae D) spores E) parasites
dimorphic
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the ________. A) mitochondria B) lysosomes C) Golgi apparatus D) chloroplasts E) endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________. A) enzymes for metabolism B) cristae C) electron transport chain proteins D) enzymes for photosynthesis E) 70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
enzymes for photosynthesis
Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery) is most commonly contracted through the ________. A) fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water B) direct transmission from one host to another C) puncture wounds D) insect bites E) None of the choices are correct.
fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water
Fungal spores differ from bacterial endospores in that ________. A) fungal spores are reproductive, whereas bacterial endospores are for survival B) fungal spores are a result of sexual reproduction only, whereas bacterial endospores are a result of binary fission C) bacterial endospores are reproductive, whereas fungal spores are for survival D) fungal spores result from binary fission and bacterial endospores result from meiosis
fungal spores are reproductive, whereas bacterial endospores are for survival
Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of ________. A) protozoa B) algae C) fungi D) bacteria E) All of the choices are correct.
fungi
Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of ________. A) protozoa B) algae C) helminths D) fungi E) None of the choices are correct.
helminths
The long, threadlike branching cells of molds are called ________. A) conidiophores B) pseudohyphae C) hyphae D) septate E) ascus
hyphae
Larval development of helminths occurs in which host? A) Primary host B) Intermediate (secondary) host C) Definitive host D) Transport host E) Mating takes place in all hosts.
intermediate (secondary) host
A(n) ________ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion. A) perixosome B) lysosome C) magnetosome D) inclusion E) ribosome
lysosome
The group of protozoa that have flagella are the ________. A) sarcodina B) ciliophora C) mastigophora D) apicomplexa E) None of the choices are correct
mastigophora
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of ________ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia. A) filaments B) microtubules C) flagella D) cilia E) None of the choices are correct.
microtubules
Protozoan endoplasm contains ________. A) ectoplasm B) mitochondria C) flagella D) oral groves E) None of the choices are correct.
mitochondria
Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosomes C) Golgi apparatus D) Chloroplasts E) Endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Filamentous fungi are called ________. A) pseudohyphae B) septa C) molds D) dimorphic E) mycelium
molds
The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is ________. A) mostly polysaccharide B) the site where many metabolic reactions occur C) also called the cell wall D) composed of lipids E) protection against osmotic lysis
mostly polysaccharide
The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a ________. A) septum B) rhizoid C) spore D) bud E) mycelium
mycelium
Fungal infections are known as ________ and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources. A) secondary infections B) vegetative infections C) mycoses D) saprobic infections E) parasitoses
mycoses
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ________. A) ribosome B) nucleolus C) nucleus D) Golgi apparatus E) lysosome
nucleolus
Which is not a characteristic of fungi? A) Have cell walls B) Photosynthetic C) Include single-celled and filamentous forms D) Heterotrophic nutrition E) Can use a wide variety of nutrients
photosynthetic
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________. A) histones B) chromatin C) pores D) endoplasmic reticulum E) inclusions
pores
Histones are ________. A) found in polyribosomes B) enzymes found in lysosomes C) proteins of the cytoskeleton D) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus E) on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
Cell walls are not usually found in ________. A) protozoa B) algae C) fungi D) bacteria E) All of the choices are correct
protozoa
Cilia are structures for motility found primarily in ________. A) protozoa B) algae C) fungi D) bacteria E) All of the choices are correct.
protozoa
When buds remain attached, they form a chain of yeast cells called ________. A) pseudohyphae B) septa C) molds D) dimorphic E) mycelium
pseudohyphae
Parasitic worms have a highly developed ________ system. A) digestive B) nervous C) respiratory D) muscular E) reproductive
reproductive
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called ________. A) saprobes B) parasites C) substrates D) nonseptate E) dimorphic
saprobes
The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the ________. A) sarcodina B) ciliophora C) mastigophora D) apicomplexa E) None of the choices is correct.
sarcodina
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ________. A) archaea B) bacteria C) prokaryotes D) the last common ancestor E) None of the choices are correct.
the last common ancestor
Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella in that ________. A) they are thicker, they are covered by membrane and they contain microtubules B) they are thinner, they contain microfilaments and they are not involved in motility C) they are thicker, they are made of the protein flagellin and they move in a 360o rotation D) they are thinner, they have a basal body and a hook, and they contain a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules
they are thicker, they are covered by membrane and they contain microtubules
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the ________. A) trophozoite B) cyst C) sporozoite D) oocyst E) food vacuole
trophozoite
All of the following are helminths except ________. A) pinworms B) flukes C) trypanosomes D) roundworms E) tapeworms
trypanosomes
Eukaryotic cell membranes contain large lipid molecules called sterols, whereas prokaryotic membranes lack sterols. One argument supporting the presence of these sterols in eukaryotes is that ________. A) unlike prokaryotes, many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane B) eukaryotic nutrients are rich in sterols, which then become embedded in the membrane C) sterols are essential catalysts for the efficient functioning of the cell membrane D) sterols are necessary membrane molecules that mediate the transport of dissolved nutrients from the cell environment to the cytosol
unlike prokaryotes, many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane
Protists with contractile vacuoles ________. A) are algae B) use them to expel excess water from the cell C) typically live in salty seawater D) use them for motility E) All of the choices are correct.
use them to expel excess water from the cell
Fungal spores arise ________. A) when asexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and sexual reproduction produces spores, often from a fruiting body B) when sexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and asexual reproduction produces spores when a male hyphae mates with a female hyphae C) when sexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and asexual reproduction produces spores when two fertile hyphae fuse D) as a result of asexual reproduction only E) as a result of sexual reproduction only
when asexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and sexual reproduction produces spores, often from a fruiting body