Microbiology Chapter 1

What form of a helminth is generally macroscopic?

Adult worms

Virus

An acellular infectious agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

Viroid

An acellular infectious agent consisting only of RNA.

Prion

An acellular infectious agent consisting only of protein.

Name a difference between bacteria and archaea.

Bacteria posses peptidoglycan in their cell walls, where as archaea do not.

Members of which domain can infected by viruses?

Bacteria, Eukarya and archaea

Designing organisms that can provide human products through genetic engineering or clean up environmental waste through bioremediation is part of the broader field of ______________________.

Biodegradation

Bacteria produced ethanol, hydrogen gas, and certain oils, which all have the potential to be used as what?

Biofuels

_________________________ killed 1/3 of the population of Europe in the 14th century.

Bubonic Plague

Eukaryotic cell

Cell type characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus.

Prokaryotic cell

Cell type characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus.

_____________ ______________ are due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host.

Emerging diseases

Fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths are all ____________.

Eukarya

The cells of which microorganisms contain membrane bound organelles?

Eukarya

Which cell type is generally larger in size?

Eukaryotic

Which organisms can be single celled or multi celled?

Eukaryotic

For the name Streptococcus progenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicates the _______________.

Genus

Name three newly emerged diseases.

HIV/AIDS, Hep C and Ebola

Multi-cellular parasites such as the roundworm or tapeworm are _________________.

Helminth

_________________ is the infectious disease of the early 1900's that killed more individuals than were killed in WW I, II, Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.

Influenza

Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include:

Method of multiplication, prokaryotic cell structure, shapes, and energy sources used.

Why are microbes important models to study for higher organisms?

Microbes have the same fundamental and genetic properties as other organisms.

Eukaryote

Organism composed of one or more eukaryotic cells; members of the domain Eukarya are Eukaryotes.

Like plants, some microorganisms are ____________ and __________________ ____________________ .

Photosynthetic and produce oxygen.

Acellular infectious agents

Prions, viroids, viruses

Which of the following is/are the correct ways to write an organisms binomial name?

S. aureus or Staphyloccus aureus

Fungi obtain nutrients by

Secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment.

Description of Bacteria

Shapes include rod, spherical, spiral. Some obtain energy from sources not used by animals or plants. Some from sunlight. Some from the foods similar to what humans eat. Multiply by binary fission.

Prokaryote

Single celled organism consisting of a prokaryotic cell; members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.

Which disease has been eradicated from the Earth?

Small Pox

What is the shared feature of all microbes?

Small size

Members of the genus Staphylococcus are often referred to by the informal name ________________.

Staph

If cattle, sheep and deer had a microbe - free digestive track, they would ________________.

Starve

True or False: Viroids are composed only of nucleic acid.

True

True or False: Viruses are acellular, nonliving, and are smaller then most bacteria.

True

True or False: Without microorganisms we would run out of certain nutrients.

True

A viroid can ________ _________ and it ___________ ____________.

infect plants and it contains a single short strand of RNA.

Spontaneous generation

life forms arise from non-living material.

Organisms that can convert N2 into a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acid include ________________________.

microorganisms

Characteristics that describe protozoa

most are mobile, can be found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, single celled eukaryotes and microscopic.

Bio-genesis

production of living things from other living things.

Prions and viroids cannot ___________.

reproduce independently

The species names of Escherichia Ecoli and Escherichia vulneris reflect the ______________________________________.

site where the organism maybe found.

Bioremediation

the process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals.

Emerging

used to describe infectious diseases that are newly identified or becoming more common.

What significant difference of characteristics features provides the basis for separating archaea and bacteria into two different domains?

Cell wall composition, habitats, and Ribosomal RNA sequences.

Fermentation

A microbial process used in the manufacture of yogurt and cheese.

All prokaryotes lack what?

A nucleus

Normal Flora

Organisms that populate the human body and help protect from disease.

To indicate slight differences, members of the same species may be given special ______________ designations.

Strain

Name two long established microbial diseases.

TB and Malaria

Domain

The highest level in biological classification; There are three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

True or False: Archaea are after extremophiles.

True

True or False: Prions are composed of only protein.

True

True or False: Prions are misfiled proteins that cause the normal version of the proteins to also mis-fold.

True

True or False: Travelers and immigrants can contribute to disease emergence.

True

True or False: Vaccinations have helped curtail the spread of mumps, measles, and whooping cough in developed countries.

True

True or False: Yeast is a single celled fungus.

True

All algae have ________________, which contain chlorophyll (a green pigment)

chloroplasts

Pathogens

disease causing organisms