Microbiology Chapter 11: Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

The kilogray is equal to _______ grays

1000

___________ are organic substances that contain a -CHO functional group on a terminal carbon.

Aldehydes

In sterilization, which of the following are removed or destroyed? a) only bacteria b) bacteria and viruses but not endospores c) all microorganisms

All microorganisms

A sterile object is free of which of the following?

All viable microorganisms and viruses

Microbial control methods are referred to as _______ procedures

Decontamination

Which of the following is the mechanical removal of most microbes from animate or inanimate surface?

Decontamination

The straining of a fluid or air through a membrane to trap microorganisms is known as ____________

Filtration

What is the process of straining a fluid or air through a membrane to trap microorganisms?

Filtration

The primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause which of the following?

Food spoilage and disease

How are many cultures of microbes routinely preserved?

Freezing

Antimicrobial chemicals can exist in what physical states?

Gas, liquid, solid

Which is the most prominent among antimicrobial physical agents?

Heat

Which of the following are examples of physical agents or mechanical means used to control microbes?

Heat, filtration, radiation

Which level germicides can function as sterilants?

High

Which of the following is the practical definition of microbial death?

Inability to reproduce

Which of the following materials require high-level germicides?

Invasive medical devices

The cell _______ is responsible for preventing the loss of important molecules and stopping the entry of damaging substances

Membrane

When microbes are treated with temperatures that exceed their maximum growth temperature, the condition is described as which of the following?

Microbicidal

Which of the following is a microorganism that can survive at low temperatures?

Psychotroph

___________ used for microbial control includes electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths.

Radiation

In a solution, solutes are dissolved in a liquid known as the __________

Solvent

Chemical agents that can destroy all forms of life, including endospores, are called which of the following?

Sterilants

Aldehydes are organic substances that contain a -CHO functional group on a _______ carbon

Terminal

___________ radiation is non-ionizing radiation that readily induces mutations.

UV

All of the following describe the typical microbial population targeted by antimicrobial drugs except which of the following? a) microbes with variable resistance b) uniform populations of like microbes c) compels mixtures of microbes d) microbes with variable pathogenic capabilities

Uniform populations of like microbes

___________ is the general term used for the reduction of the microbial load in order to lower the possibility of infection or spoilage.

decontamination

______________ is the general term used for the reduction of the microbial load in order to lower the possibility of infection or spoilage.

decontamination

Radiation is characterized by a range of wavelengths known as the ___________ ______________

electromagnetic spectrum

Which of the following is most penetrating?

gamma rays

Which of the following is the principal benefit of cold treatment?

inhibition of microbial activity

______________ is the process of bombardment with radiation at the cellular level to control microbes.

irradiation

If the cell ___________ is damaged by an agent, it loses its selective permeability and cannot prevent the loss or entrance of substances

membrane

The cell __ is responsible for preventing the loss of important molecules and stopping the entry of damaging substances.

membrane

Regarding the use of the terms microbicidal and microbistatic, higher temperatures are usually ________, whereas lower temperatures are usually ___________

microbicidal, microbistatic

Which two types of macromolecules make up the majority of the cell membrane in organisms?

proteins and lipids

The inability to _________ even under optimal growth conditions is the practical definition of microbial death.

reproduce

The bombarding of a substance by waves or particles for diagnosis, therapy, disinfection, or sterilization is referred to as _______________

Irradiation

____ radiation is most lethal from 240nm to 280nm.

UV

In dilutions, a small amount of the _________ is diluted in a large volume of solvent to achieve a certain ratio.

solute