Microbiology - Chapter 16
Activation of C3a results in A) acute inflammation. B) attraction of phagocytes. C) increased blood vessel permeability. D) cell lysis. E) opsonization
A
Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT A) formation of phagolysosomes. B) capsules. C) leukocidins. D) M protein. E) biofilms
A
Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT A) they produce lysozyme. B) they produce antibacterial chemicals. C) they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. D) they compete with pathogens for nutrients. E) they change the pH of the environment.
A
Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with microorganisms EXCEPT A) lysozyme. B) trapping a bacterium against a rough surface. C) opsonization. D) complement. E) chemotaxis
A
Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity? A) macrophages B) eosinophils C) neutrophils D) basophils E) erythrocytes
A
Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages. B) Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses. C) Beta interferon attacks invading viruses. D) All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body. E) Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis
A
Which of the following is found normally in serum? A) histamine B) interferon C) leukocytosis-promoting factor D) complement E) TLRs
D
Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE? A) They are mature monocytes. B) They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. C) They are found in certain tissues and organs. D) They develop from neutrophils. E) They gather at sites of infection
D
All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT A) kinins. B) leukotrienes. C) histamine. D) prostaglandins. E) lysozymes.
E
All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT A) tears. B) multiple layers of cells. C) saliva. D) the "ciliary escalator." E) HCl
E
Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT A) opsonization. B) increased phagocytic activity. C) increased blood vessel permeability. D) bacterial cell lysis. E) interference with viral replication
E
Innate immunity A) provides increased susceptibility to disease. B) is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens. C) involves a memory component. D) involves T cells and B cells. E) is nonspecific and present at birth.
E
Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT A) inflammation. B) activation of complement. C) production of interferon. D) phagocytosis. E) production of antibody
E
A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes? A) lysozyme B) phagocytosis in the inflammatory response C) normal skin flora D) acidic skin secretions E) mucociliary escalator
B
A chill is a sign that A) the metabolic rate is decreasing. B) body temperature is rising. C) body temperature is not changing. D) blood vessels are dilating. E) body temperature is falling
B
All of the following are affects of histamine EXCEPT A) swelling. B) fever. C) pain. D) vasodilation. E) redness
B
The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by A) factors released from damaged tissues. B) antigen—antibody reactions. C) factors released from phagocytes. D) lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3. E) C5—C9.
B
Which of the following is mismatched? A) scab — dried blood clot over injured tissue B) chemotaxis — chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome C) abcess — a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus D) diapedesis — movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue E) pus — tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid
B
A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT A) the total number of white blood cells. B) leukopenia. C) the number of red blood cells. D) leukocytosis. E) the numbers of each type of white blood cell
C
All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT A) isolation of an injurious agent. B) removal of an injurious agent. C) production of antibodies. D) repair of damaged tissue. E) destruction of an injurious agent.
C
The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway beginning with the activation of A) C1. B) C2. C) C3. D) C5. E) C6.
C
The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid A) is lost as perspiration. B) is transported into macrophages. C) goes into lymph capillaries. D) returns to the blood. E) is excreted in urine
C
Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? A) cytolysis B) increased diapedesis of phagocytes C) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms D) increased margination of phagocytes E) inflammation
C
Margination refers to A) dilation of blood vessels. B) the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms. C) the chemotactic response of phagocytes. D) the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels. E) adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels
E
The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to A) remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract. B) propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the throat. C) remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. D) remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract. E) trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucous and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract
E