Microbiology Chapter 22

Diaper rash may be caused by

Candida albicans

Please select all of the statements that are TRUE of impetigo.

Causative organism can be Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The disease can be transmitted by both direct contact and indirect contact.

Which of the following statements about MRSA (the major cause of hair follicle infections) is FALSE?

Currently, MRSA strains are resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics.

Identify all the unfavorable effects that the normal microbiota of our skin can have.

They can produce a foul odor (body odor). They may cause disease opportunistically. They can "clog" sweat glands.

How do dermatophytes cause disease in humans?

They infect keratinized regions of the body.

A student complained of patches of scaly, lightened skin on his back. A skin scraping revealed the presence of both yeast and filamentous fungi. Based on this information, you can conclude that the student likely has ______ caused by ______.

Tinea versicolor; Malassezia furfur

Certain people must rely on herd immunity for protection against diseases such as measles and rubella.

True

RMSF should be suspected in family members exhibiting signs/symptoms similar to an individual diagnosed with the disease.

True

Roseola can be a frightening disease because

children with the disease may have a high fever that leads to convulsions.

Choose all the statements that describe superficial cutaneous mycoses.

Disease names often begin with "tinea." An example of a cutaneous mycosis is jock itch. Dermatophytes invade hair, nails, and the keratinized portion of skin.

Which of the following do you think means "blood clots within vessels throughout the body"?

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

A person who has never received the MMRV vaccine, and who is exposed to an individual with shingles, is at risk of contracting shingles as well.

False

All strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome.

False

It would be impossible to eliminate measles because the measles vaccine is only partly protective.

False

Mycoses that cause superficial skin infections usually require oral antifungal medications that must be taken for months.

False

All of the following diseases are characterized by the development of a rash. Which are NOT caused by herpesviruses?

Fifth disease Scarlet fever Rubella Rubeola Warts

A teenager develops large blisters filled with pus on his chest. These burst and after a few days, crust over. He has no fever although lymph nodes in the area enlarge and become tender. A culture reveals clusters of Gram-positive bacteria that are β-hemolytic on blood agar. Based on this information, you can conclude that he likely has

Impetigo

A man complains of headache, muscle and joint pain, and fever. He develops a rash characterized by faint, pink spots that starts on the palms of his hands, wrists, and the soles of his feet, and then spreads to his body. He recalls a recent tick bite but there does not appear to be any inflammation at that site. He is given doxycycline and recovers fully. Based on this information, you can conclude that he likely has ______.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Which of the following is/are transmitted by ticks?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Rubella - Koplik spots

Which of the following are transmitted via the respiratory route?

Rubella virus Rubeola virus Varicella-zoster virus Parvovirus B-19

Which of the following can affect a developing fetus?

Rubella virus Varicella zoster virus B-19 virus

Disease caused by which of the following leads to blistering and peeling of the epidermis?

Staphylococcus aureus

______ is a common resident on the skin surface but is relatively harmless. ______ is found mostly in the nostrils and may lead to serious hair follicle infections.

Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus

Please select all of the statements that apply to rash diseases such as measles, rubella, fifth disease, and roseola.

The causative agents of all the diseases listed above are viruses. Droplet contact or direct contact is the most common mode of transmission for these diseases.

Why were patients A and B not given antibiotics immediately?

Patients A and B were initially diagnosed with viral infections.

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is so called because

the outer epidermal layer blisters and peels, resembling a burn caused by hot water.

Vaccination to protect against rubella is essential because

viral infection can lead to development of significant fetal defects/abnormalities.

Which of the following is NOT caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Acne

Please select all the TRUE statements about staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

All strains of S. aureus can cause SSSS. SSSS can be treated with modified penicillins. Risks associated with SSSS are dehydration and secondary infections. SSSS causes blistering and peeling of the outer epidermal layers.

Please select all of the statements that illustrate examples of the first-line defenses present in the skin.

Antimicrobial peptides, which disrupt membranes of bacteria. Low pH of sebum, which makes skin inhospitable to most microbes. Lysozyme, which breaks down peptidoglycan. Keratin, which prevents microbe penetration. Sloughing of skin, which removes attached microbes.

Potential complications associated with measles and the measles vaccine include

Bacterial pnuemonia Earaches encephalitis Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Which of the following is a pyoderma?

Impetigo

Please choose the statement that best describes staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).

It is an exotoxin-mediated disease characterized by large fluid-filled blisters and peeling skin.

Identify the unusual characteristic of the RMSF rash.

It occurs on the palms and soles.

Which of the following virulence factors is/are associated with strains of Streptococcus pyogenes but not Staphylococcus aureus?

M protein Streptokinase

Which of the following best describes how papillomavirus infection leads to the development of warts?

Papillomaviruses replicate within the nucleus of infected cells, some of which grow abnormally, producing a "wart."

Treating hair follicle infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus can be challenging because

many strains of the organism are resistant to multiple antibiotics.

The MMRV vaccine is used to protect against

measles, mumps, German measles, chickenpox, and shingles