Microbiology-Chapter 22- Review

Autotrophic bacteria

-Produce 20 percent of earth's oxygen -Capable of converting inorganic carbon dioxide into the nutrients needed for photosynthesis. -Like plants, they use light and carbon dioxide to produce their own food - photosyntheis -Can convert atmospheric nitrogen into its organic form - necessary for survival. Cause swimmer's ear and participate in decomposition of human remains.

Three categories of Heterotrophic bacteria:

-Strict (obligate) saprophytes - survive on dead or decaying organic matter -Strict (obligate) parasites - survive on their living host -Facultative bacteria - adapt to differing sources of nutrition

Cynobacteria

-is one of the largest groups of autotrophic bacteria -They receive their name from their appearance as blue-green. -The red color of the Red Sea is due to this

________ capable of converting light into a food source; thrive in its presence.

Cyanobacteria

All life - maintaining life need

Food Oxygen Moisture Temperature pH Osmotic pressure

Human body has a pH of 7.4.

Human body has a pH of 7.4.

Parasitism

The host is harmed, while the parasite receives some benefit.

Antagonism

The inhibition of one microorganism's growth by the presence of another.

Osmotic pressure

The pressure required to prevent the net flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Mutualism

Two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each other.

Commensalism

When both organisms gain some benefit, such as protection or nourishment, and the host is not harmed.

Synergism

When the harmonious action of two microorganisms produces and effect that neither could produce alone. Can't work without the other.

Symbiosis

When two or more different species love together in close association.

_____ and _____ do not contain chlorophyll; tend to prefer dark areas

Yeasts and molds

Aerotolerant organisms

can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen

Obligate (strict) aerobes

can only live in the presence of oxygen

Obligate (strict) anaerobes

can only survive in an environment devoid of oxygen

Hypotonic solution

expands

Physiology

functions of bacteria

Facultative organisms

indifferent to oxygen

psychrophiles

prefer cold

thermophiles

prefer high

mesophiles

prefer moderate

Microaerophilic organisms

require little free oxygen to survive (2 to 10 percent)

Autotrophic

self-nourishing; pertaining to the ability of an organism to produce its own nutrients from inorganic compounds

Hypertonic solution

shrinks

Istonic solution

the same

Heterotrophic

- can't make their own food -The cause for many diseases in humans -Survival in over 90 different organic compounds