Microbiology Chapter 24

The first documented human disease to be eradicated was smallpox. A. True B. False

A. True

What type of pathogen causes papillomas? A. Viruses B. Bacteria C. Viroids D. Prions

A. Viruses

Is Grandfather Davis contagious? A. Yes. The twins would probably develop chicken pox 2 weeks after their visit with Grandfather Davis. B. No. The twins would probably develop measles 2 weeks after their visit with Grandfather Davis. C. Incorrect. Review the mode of transmission for the varicella-zoster virus. D. No. The twins would not develop chicken pox after their visit with Grandfather Davis.

A. Yes. The twins would probably develop chicken pox 2 weeks after their visit with Grandfather Davis.

Genital warts are transmitted by __________. A. autoinoculation B. airborne particles C. indirect contact D. a mosquito vector E. direct contact

A. autoinoculation C. indirect contact E. direct contact

Which nucleic acid is part of the varicella-zoster virion? A. dsDNA B. dsRNA C. ssDNA D. ssRNA

A. dsDNA

What disease does Duyen have? Assume that the desease is caused by DNA virus. A. hepatitis B B. Fasciola infection C. histoplasmosis D. hepatitis A

A. hepatitis B

Predict which of the following are reasonable outcomes of the cytokine storm during the 1918 flu pandemic. A. increased fluid in the lungs and labored breathing B. increased mortality in elderly people C, an enhanced immune response to influenza D. less severe symptoms associated with the infection E. an excessive inflammatory response leading to extensive tissue damage

A. increased fluid in the lungs and labored breathing E. an excessive inflammatory response leading to extensive tissue damage

What is the medical term for yellow discoloration of the sclera and mucous membranes? A. jaundice B. pyrexia C. malaise D. rhinitis

A. jaundice

The development of the poxvirus skin lesions develop in a characteristic order that allows for easy diagnosis of the disease. Choose the option that contains the stages in the correct order. A. macule, papule, vesicle, pustule B. papule, macule, vesicle, pustule C. vesicle, macule, papule, pustule D. macule, papule, pustule, vesicle

A. macule, papule, vesicle, pustule

A student notices that she always seems to have an outbreak of cold sores just before final exams. This is because HHV-1 infections can be related to which of the following? A. stress B. lack of sunlight C. close contact with other individuals D. seasonal changes in the weather

A. stress

The successful infection of a host, and subsequent spread to another, results from a specific sequence of events known as the replication cycle. Each of the statements below describes an important step in the replication cycle of influenza. Arrange the following statements in the order that best describes the sequence of events involved in the replication of influenza.

After gaining entry to the host respiratory system, influenza adheres to host cells. The virus then enters the cells and begins the process of hijacking host machinery in order to produce new viral particles. After all the components are synthesized, they are assembled, and the virus leaves via budding. The newly released particles then infect neighboring cells, perpetuating the infection.

Elizabeth needs to be sure that everyone realizes HPV is one of the most common STDs and that HPV infections can have serious consequences. She locates a nice graph on her favorite website for STD information: The Centers for Disease Control.Found on: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats10/figures/50.htm According to the CDC graph, __________ had one of the highest rates of initial doctor office visits for HPV. A. 1969 B. 1987 C. 1997 D. 2006

B. 1987

A new virus is discovered that has double stranded DNA and no envelope. The highly purified virions form large crystals. This new virus is most likely a member of which virus family? A. Papillomaviridae B. Adenoviridae C. Papillomarviridae D. Poxviridae E. Herpesviridae.

B. Adenoviridae

What term is associated with warts found on face? A. Seed warts B. Flat warts C. Condylomata acuminata D. Plantar warts

B. Flat warts

A 5-year-old girl arrives at her pediatrician's office with very red bloodshot eyes and a thick, yellow, and crusty discharge. Her eyes are itchy and burning. The doctor prescribes antibiotic drops, but after several days she still has symptoms. Why does she still have symptoms? A. She has conjunctivitis, or pinkeye, most likely caused by Adenovirus that is resistant to antibiotics. B. She has conjunctivitis, or pinkeye, most likely caused by Adenovirus. C. She is hypersensitive to the antibiotic. Severe allergies can mimic the pinkeye symptoms, making it seem as if she still had the pinkeye. D. She has a corneal ulcer, most likely caused by Adenovirus.

B. She has conjunctivitis, or pinkeye, most likely caused by Adenovirus.

Smallpox is a historically important disease. Which of the following events did NOT contribute to its historical importance? A. Eighty percent of the population of Europe contracted smallpox during the Middle Ages. B. Smallpox was used as a bioterrorism agent in the 2001 bioterrorist attacks. C. The smallpox vaccine is considered one of the first examples of immunization ever developed, by inoculation of individuals with a related virus, cowpox. D. Smallpox was introduced to North America when the first Europeans arrived, leading to the death of over 3.5 million Native Americans, who were susceptible to the virus.

B. Smallpox was used as a bioterrorism agent in the 2001 bioterrorist attacks.

What is the likelihood the average college freshman has been infected with HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)? A. 70% B. 16% C. 4% D. 40% E. 1%

A. 70%

What makes neonatal herpes a very serious condition? A. Central nervous system infection of the neonate. B. Development of lymphoma. C. HHV infection of the bone marrow. D. The potential for oncogenesis. E. The potential for life-long infection.

A. Central nervous system infection of the neonate.

Papillomas are typically spread through direct contact infected humans or __________. A. inherited genes B. fomites C. contaminated water sources D. contact with toads

B. fomites

During the initial epidemic at Camp Funston, the infection was characterized by several of the typical symptoms of influenza infection. A. diarrhea B. headache C. muscle pain D. fever

B. headache C. muscle pain D. fever

Where does human herpesvirus 4 (EBV) become latent? A. n oligodendrocytes B. in B lymphocytes C. in brachial ganglia D. in cytotoxic T lymphocytes E. in the dorsal root ganglion

B. in B lymphocytes

Characteristic features of the herpesvirus used for diagnosis include the A. presence of recurring lesions in the lip or genital regions. B. presence of recurring lesions in the lip or genital regions and syncytia in infected tissue. C. ability of the virus to be transmitted to neonates. D. presence of viruses intracellularly years after recovery from the infection. E. presence of syncytia in infected tissue.

B. presence of recurring lesions in the lip or genital regions and syncytia in infected tissue.

Smallpox (Orthopoxvirus variola) is the first human disease considered to be globally eradicated. All of the following factors played a huge role in its eradication EXCEPT for __________. A. the existence of an inexpensive, effective vaccine B. the removal of animal reservoirs in nature C. rapid diagnosis due to obvious signs and symptoms D. the fact that there are no asymptomatic carriers, so the disease is always diagnosable

B. the removal of animal reservoirs in nature

What is the recommended schedule for the first chicken pox vaccine in infants? A. 5 years of age B. 6 months of age C. 12 months of age D. 2 days of age

C. 12 months of age

Which of the following families of DNA viruses is the most prevalent in humans? A. Poxviridae B. Polyomaviridae C. Herpesviridae D. Adenoviridae E. Rhinoviridae

C. Herpesviridae

A concerned mother reports that her child has spent time playing with another child recovering from chickenpox. The child recovering from chickenpox exhibits dry, crusty lesions from the disease. Is the mother's concern warranted? A. Yes, because individuals with chickenpox are infectious as long as lesions are visible. B. Yes, because the virus that causes chickenpox exhibits latency. C. No, because dry chickenpox lesions are not infective. D. No, because chickenpox is not transmitted through skin lesions of any type.

C. No, because dry chickenpox lesions are not infective.

Genital warts are caused by __________. A. Chlamydia trachomatis B. Haemophilus ducreyi C. Papillomaviridae D. Trichomonas vaginalis E. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

C. Papillomaviridae

How could this disease be prevented? A. Eat only well-done steak. B. Take Chloroquine tablets daily. C. Receive a vaccination. E. Drink only bottled water

C. Receive a vaccination.

What are some of the current challenges to production of the influenza vaccine? A. The vaccine does not stimulate a strong antibody response because it is an intracellular pathogen. B. Production is difficult because the vaccine is composed of all important strains identified during the previous flu season. C. The virus undergoes antigenic changes on a regular basis. D. In order to yield a vaccine, the virus must be produced in eggs. E. The production of vaccine is a lengthy process.

C. The virus undergoes antigenic changes on a regular basis. D. In order to yield a vaccine, the virus must be produced in eggs

Which of the following statements regarding antigenic shift are true? A. Antigenic shift results in relatively minor changes in the neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) antigens. B. Antigenic shift results from frequent mutations that occur during replication of the RNA genome. C. Viral strains resulting from antigenic shift contain RNA segments from different species. D. Little immunity to virus strains resulting from antigenic shift exists in the population. E. Antigenic shift results in a major change in the genetic composition of the virus.

C. Viral strains resulting from antigenic shift contain RNA segments from different species. D. Little immunity to virus strains resulting from antigenic shift exists in the population. E. Antigenic shift results in a major change in the genetic composition of the virus.

Predict which of the following would be outcomes of treatment with Tamiflu. A. decreased production of the NA protein by the host cell B. decreased ability of influenza to attach to host cells C. an increase in the ability of the immune system to combat the infection D. a decrease in the release of viral particles from the cell E. overall decrease in the replication rate of influenza

C. an increase in the ability of the immune system to combat the infection D. a decrease in the release of viral particles from the cell E. overall decrease in the replication rate of influenza

What type of vaccine would be used to vaccinate the twins? A. subunit vaccine B. genetically engineered vaccine C. attenuated virus vaccine D. inactivated virus vaccine

C. attenuated virus vaccine

Which reason is LEAST likely to contribute to the transmission of Adenovirus? A. viral survival in improperly chlorinated drinking water B. aerosolization of the virus C. presence of a vector D. viral stability outside the body

C. presence of a vector

What are the complete hepatitis B virions called? A. spherical particles B. filamentous particles C. Negri bodies D. Dane particles

D. Dane particles

Which of the following forms of the hepatitis B virus is complete and cause an infection? A. "owl's eye" cells B. spherical particles C. filamentous particles D. Dane particles

D. Dane particles

How is this disease most likely to be transmitted? A. This disease is transmitted by unsanitary drinking water. B. This disease is transmitted by droplets released when coughing or sneezing. C. This disease is transmitted by food prepared by infected food handlers. D. Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease

D. Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease

Which of the following is a vaccine-preventable disease? A. fifth disease B. genital herpes C. roseola D. genital warts E. infectious mononucleosis

D. genital warts

Which of the following viruses is a DNA virus that infects liver cells? A. herpesviruses B. polyomaviruses C. poxviruses D. hepadnaviruses E. adenoviruses

D. hepadnaviruses

Many strains of HPV are _____ and can integrate into human chromosomes. A. acute B. avirulent C. lytic D. latent

D. latent

Warts may disappear over time without treatment. This is due to __________. A. the virus running out of host cells to attack B. HPV having the capability to replicate a maximum of 25 times C. being shed off with other skin cells D. the body's cell-mediated immunity

D. the body's cell-mediated immunity

Which virus is responsible for Grandfather Davis's shingles? A. Epstein-Barr virus B. papillomavirus C. orthopoxvirus D. varicella-zoster virus

D. varicella-zoster virus

Which of the following statements concerning genital warts is FALSE? A. They can travel to different locations on the same individual by autoinoculation. B. The virus may remain latent and cause lesions at a later time. C. They can be transmitted via fomites. D. They can be sexually transmitted. E. The incidence is relatively low because treatment is available.

E. The incidence is relatively low because treatment is available.

Which of the following characteristics are common to Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, and Hepadnaviridae? A. double-stranded DNA in the virion B. the presence of an envelope C. a complex capsid D. double-stranded DNA in the virion with a complex capsid E. double-stranded DNA in the virion and the presence of an envelope

E. double-stranded DNA in the virion and the presence of an envelope

What is unique about the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses? A. they contain RNA. B. they contain double-stranded RNA. C. they contain single-stranded DNA. D. they contain double-stranded DNA. E. they contain both single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA.

E. they contain both single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA.

Which of the following statements is FALSE about Adenovirus and the treatment of colds caused by it? There are no specific antiviral drugs designed for the treatment of adenoviral infections. Typically, Adenovirus infections are mild or asymptomatic and treatments and vaccines are not needed. It is impossible to develop a vaccine for Adenovirus. Most colds are not caused by Adenovirus.

It is impossible to develop a vaccine for Adenovirus.

Drag each one of the labels onto the figure to identify the function of each structure. During infection, the structure of influenza plays a vital role. Hemagglutinin (HA) mediates attachment to the host cells, after which the lipid envelope fuses with the host cell membrane. This allows the virus to be internalized, followed by release of the RNA genome from the capsid. Viral proteins will be produced, assembled, and released from the host cell. Release is mediated by neuraminidase (NA), and as the viral particles leave, they take part of the host membrane, thereby creating their envelope.

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Label the successive stages of skin lesions exemplified by smallpox. Numbers in boxes indicate the order of the lesions. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

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Shingles, or herpes zoster, is caused by the virus that also causes chickenpox. molluscum contagiosum. warts. smallpox. cold sores.

chickenpox.

Immunization with (chickenpox/cowpox/monkeypox) will provide protection against smallpox.

cowpox

Papillomaviruses are transmitted by (aerosols/direct contact/secretions).

direct contact

The condition in which athletes develop herpes lesions on their skin as a result of coming in contact with herpes lesions during wrestling is known as herpes (gladiatorum/whitlow/zoster).

gladiatorum

Which of the following is the only DNA virus that can cause viral hepatitis? hepatitis A virus hepatitis B virus hepatitis C virus hepatitis D virus hepatitis E virus

hepatitis B virus

Boys should receive the HPV vaccine because __________. it can prevent herpes it can prevent pregnancy it can prevent oropharyngeal cancer caused by having oral sex with a woman infected with HPV boys are much more susceptible to HPV infection than girls

it can prevent oropharyngeal cancer caused by having oral sex with a woman infected with HPV

An inflamed fluid-filled lesion on the finger caused by either HHV-1 or HHV-2 is known as a (blister/wart/whitlow).

whitlow

Which of the following statements regarding the association of hepatitis B with liver cancer is FALSE? Hepatic cancer cells typically express HBV antigen. The HBV genome has been found integrated into hepatic cancer cells. Chronic carriers of the virus are 200 times more likely to develop hepatic cancer. Vaccination does not provide protection against the development of hepatic cancer. Geographic areas with a high incidence of liver cancer also have a high prevalence of hepatitis B

Vaccination does not provide protection against the development of hepatic cancer.