Microbiology Chapter 24

Viral gastroenteritis in children and adults is most commonly caused by

Norwalk virus

Protozoal infections are typically spread by

The fecal-oral route

Flukes may have a digestive system while tapeworms typically do not.

True

Which of the following has shown some effectiveness in treating a herpes infection?

acyclovir

Part of the ability of S. mutans to produce dental caries depends on its ability to

convert sucrose to lactic acid

The most common infectious disease of humans is

dental caries

The most common helminth disease seen by American physicians is

enterobiasis.

The most virulent species of Shigella is

extensi

Viral gastroenteritis in infants and children is most commonly caused by

rotavirus

The primary treatment for cholera is

simply rehydration

The intestinal roundworm(s) that spends some time in the lungs is/are

A. lumbricoides & N. americanus

Most cases of Salmonella gastroenteritis have a(n)

ANIMAL SOURCE

V. cholera and most salmonellas are

KILLED BY ACID CONDITIONS

C. parvum may infect

a. dogs b. pigs c. cattle d. humans E. ALL OF THE ABOVE

A common source of cholera infection is

fecal contaminated material, especially water

Hepatitis A spreads via

the fecal-oral route

H. pylori appears to have some connection with

ulcers & stomach cancer

The important source(s) of tapeworm is/are

Beef, fish & pork

Which of these bacteria require a special medium and microaerophilic conditions?

C. jejuni

The food products most commonly contaminated with Salmonella strains are

EGGS AND POULTRY

Which of the following groups give rise to a disease similar to that caused by Shigella sp.?

ENTEROINVASIVE

A mysterious sequel to C. jejuni infections is

Guillian-Barré syndrome.

Which of the hepatitis diseases may be a candidate for elimination as a disease? Why?

Hepatitis A would be a good candidate for elimination. It has only a human reservoir, is antigenically simple and there exists an effective vaccine. (Maybe a similar case could be made for hepatitis B?)

The principal cause of dental caries is

S. mutans

Cyclospora cayetanensis has, so far, not been identified with an animal source.

True

H. pylori appears connected to stomach cancer and ulcers.

True

Sucrose is one of the major contributors to the development of dental caries.

True

Tapeworms are flat and can exceed 10 meters in length.

True

The bacteria primarily responsible for dental caries is Streptococcus mutans.

True

The infectious dose of cholera is much larger than that for Shigella.

True

The mumps virus initially infects the respiratory tract.

True

The saliva of asymptomatic carriers of herpes simplex is commonly infectious.

True

Virulent strains of shigella typically carry a large plasmid.

True

The most notorious typhoid carrier was

Typhoid Mary

The diarrhea of cholera has been described as

a rice water stool

Almost all bacterial intestinal infections may be attributed to

a. Vibrio spp. b. C. jejuni c. Salmonella spp. d. Escherichia spp. E. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which of the following groups contain diarrhea-causing E. coli?

a. enterotoxigenic b. enteroinvasive c. enteropathogenic d. enterohemorrhagic E. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Mumps is a good candidate for elimination from the population due to

a. the existence of an effective vaccine b. a human only reservoir c. the absence of a latent state d. a single serotype E. ALL OF THE ABOVE

The animal(s) often associated with Salmonella strains is/are

a. turtles b. iguanas c. baby chickens d. ducks E. ALL OF THE ABOVE

The passage from the mouth to the anus is termed the

alimentary canal

H. pylori is, in part, able to survive in the stomach by its ability to produce

ammonia from urea

The symptoms of cholera are due to the action of

an exotoxin

Giardiasis may be contracted from

another person, clean mountain streams, & chlorinated city water

Shigella

are themselves nonmotile & may be pushed from cell to cell by actin tails

HBV is mainly spread by

blood, blood products & semen

The animal(s) most often associated with C. jejuni is/are

chickens

Collections of bacteria that adhere to the surfaces of the teeth are called

dental plaque

Which group produces a toxin somewhat similar to that produced by Shigella dysenteriae?

enterohemorrhagic

This mineral, typically added to drinking water, makes enamel more resistant to dissolving in acid.

fluoride

The most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States is

giardiasis

A painful finger infection attributable to herpes virus is known as a(n)

herpetic withlow

Most North American outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis have been associated with

imported leafy vegetables and berries, especially raspberries

The toxins involved in intestinal infections typically

kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis & modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes

The viral disease that characteristically infects the parotid glands is

mumps

The chronic inflammatory process involving the gums and tissues around the teeth is called

periodontal disease

The initial attachment required for establishment of an intestinal infection is by

pili

Where in the body does the latent, non-infectious non-replicating, form of the herpes simplex virus persist?

sensory nerves

Cholera is the classic example of a(n)

very severe form of diarrhea