Microbiology EXAM ONE

What is the power of the occular lens on a modern compound microscope?

10X

The new tree of life contains 3 _____ and 5 ______.

3 Domains 5 Kingdoms

A contact lens wearer and a cat owner begins to experience problems with her eye. The eye is inflamed and painful, an examination of the eye reveals that the conjunctiva is ulcerating. Which of the fallowing parasites could be responsible?

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni

The tsetse fly is responsible for the spread of

African Sleeping Sickness

What is a Trypanosoma?

Animal like protisit that has a flagella and causes African Sleeping Sickness

Give the domains of the tree of life:

Archaea - primitive bacteria Bacteria - modern bacteria Eukarya - include 5 kingdoms

Who was the first to describe spontaneous generation?

Aristotle

What is the study bacteria called & what kingdom doe sit include?

Bacteriology / K. Monera

Who founded he science of taxonomy?

Carolus Linnaeus

What is the host called who carries the adult reproductive stage of a parasite?

Definitive Host

List the order of taxonomy names:

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (Doppy King Phillip Came Over For Good Sex)

What is Carl Woese known for?

Domain being erected before the Kingdom

Elephantiasis is caused by

Filarial roundworms

The only helminth disease of humans spread by an insect vector is

Filariasis

African sleeping sickness is caused by

Flagellated prorozoan

What does Giardia cause?

Giardiasis = infects the small intestine / diarreha

What is the study of parasitic worms called?

Helminthology

Why is snail fever a common name for infections with Schistosoma

Infection is contracted by contact with fresh water where the snail intermediate host occur.

What is Tricomonas?

It is a protozoa that can cause tricomonas

What is Balantidium coli?

It is the only ciliated protozoan that cause human disease. Humans get it from pig feces. (pigs are the resevior)

What kingdoms are included in the study of Phycology?

K. Protista K. Monera K. Planta

Which of the following is a dinoflagellate that occurs locally causing "Red Tide" and produces a toxin that causes respiratory distress to some beach goers and kills fish?

Karenia brevis (Gymnodinium breve)

Who laid the foundation of the Germ Theory of Disease?

Koch Koch's postulates

Who first discovered G. lamblia?

Leeuwenhoek

What does Leishmania cause?

Leishmaniasis or skin leisons / systemic disease with fever

The division Basidiomycota includes which of the fallowing types of fungi?

Mushrooms

List the characteristics of Prokaryotes :

NO nucleus / membrane enclosed structures single celled organisms all are bacteria

Which of the following organisms can colonize the nasal cavity and enter the brain to cause meningoencephalitis

Naegleria

Who re-proved spontaneous generation? and how?

Needham heated the broth and then covered it = a few days latter the animalcules can back. (made sure it had air/ life force)

What causes Malaria ?

Passed by mosquitoes, the Protista ... Plasmosium vivax

Who conducted the swan neck flask experiments and why?

Pasteur to dis-prove spontaneous generation

What is the scientific name for Chicken Colera?

Pasteurell multacida

Who first described anaerobic metabolism?

Pastuer / wine making

What is the study of Algea called?

Phycology

Which of the following infections was rare prior to the AIDS epidemic?

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Bacteria are ______ , and _______ are bacteria.

Prokaryotes

Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called

Prokaryotes

What is a Mastigophorans?

Protisit that has a flagela. Most live in symbiotic relationships with plants/animals

Which of the fallowing produces a hallucinogenic toxin?

Psilocybe cubensis

What did Needham do?

Re-proved spontaneous generation following Redi

All of the following individuals were involved in improving public health in the 19th century EXCEPT

Redi

What is Redi known for?

Refuting spontaneous generation by conducting a balanced experiment that Described the fly life cycle

The ability to see two items as seperate discrete units is called what

Resolution

What did Lister give us?

Rubber gloves hand washing, clean surgical instrumnets / environment

What is brewers yeast?

Saccharomyeces cerevisiae

Who gets credit for early canning techniques?

Spallazani with heat sealed flasks

What species of Trypanosoma cause trypanosomiasis?

T. brucei gambiense / rhodesiense

What is bacterium that causes Trichomoniasis?

T. vaginallis

Which of the following statements concerning Koch's postulates is FALSE

The suspected pathogen may NOT be present in all cases of the disease being studied

White patches on the surface of the tongue and the oral mucosa accompanied by inflammation and swelling are signs consistent with

Thrush

Which of the following is the most common parasitic disease in industrialized nations?

Trichomonas infection

Who gave an awareness of animacules?

Van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following questions largely stimulated the research of microbes during what is known as the Golden Age of Microbiology

What causes disease, and is spontaneous generation of microbes possible?

Who developed the 5 kingdowm system

Whitaker

Who developed the new tree of life?

Woese

What makes an intermediate host?

a host who harbours larval stage of aparasite

What must one have before designing and conducting experiments?

a hypothesis

Koch's Postulates can be applied to

an infectious disease

Pneumocystis jiroveci is

an obligate parasite that cannot survive outside the lungs

Microorganism synthesize

antibiotics

Microorganisms include = (4)

bacteria fungi protozoa algea

Cytoplasmic membranes of___________are composed of phospholipids with proteins

bacteria and eukaryotes

Plasma membranes of _______ are composed of phospholipids.

bacteria and eukaryotes

The protozoans known as apicomplexans (or slime molds or Sporozoans)

can be intracellular parasites like the causative agent of Malaria

Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

cilia

The encysted larva of the tapeworm is called a

cysticercus

Ringworm is caused by

dermatophytes growing in the outer dead tissue layers of the skin (epidermis)

Referring to the Heartworm Dirofilaria immitis, which of the pairs is mismatched

dog intermediate host

John Snow's research during cholera outbreak in London laid the foundation for which of the following branches of Microbiology

epidemiology and infection control

The study of the cause of disease is

etiology

Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE

fungi are photosynthetic

Severe watery diarrhea with a "rotten-egg" smell accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating, and fever are signs and symptoms consistent with

giardiasis

What is a scolex?

head of a tapeworm

Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host and therefore is not a biological vector but may be a mechanical vector that transmits germs or other pathogens physically on its legs

houseflies

What is scanning power ?

it is the power you start in when observing slides on a microscope = 4 X 10 = 40X

What do microorganisms do?

make nitrogen availbel for living plants decompose dead organism, industrial waste, waste from living organimsm

Which of the fallowing organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell?

mitochondrion

Which of the following pairs is mismatched

mosquito - candidiasis

Which of the following is the most important vector of human diseases?

mosquitoes

Which of the following pairs is mismatched

plasmodium - cilia

Which of the following contributes to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis

preexisting disease (chlamydia, for example)

What are the reproductive segments of a tapeworm called?

proglottids

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. What structure is it using for motility

pseudopodia

Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases

puerperal fever

The colonial morphology of Micrococcus luteus is

round and yellow

Give 3 reasons microorganisms are useful in research

simple unicellulare structure large #'s can be used to obtain statiscally reliable results reproduce quickly (espicially for genetic research)

Describe bacteria

single celled spherical, rod, or spiral shaped. some form filaments NO cell necleus NO membrane enclosed intracellulare structures absord nutrients from thier enviornment or synthesize thier own

A plasmodium might also be called a

slime mold

Linnaeus found what system?

taxonomy and the use of the binomial nomeclature (two name system) Genus & Species

What do Koch's postulates show?

the direct correclation between one germ / one disease (cause / effect)

What does the germ theory of disease state?

the germs cause disease

Humans become infected with Schistosoma by

the penetration of cercariae through the skin

In the case of Bubonic plague

the rat flea is the vector (all of the above)

Which of the following regarding all of the tapeworms that infect humans is true?

they all have non-human intermediate hosts

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE

they are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals

What do Taenia saginata, Entamoeba histolytica, and Enterobius vermicularis have in common

they live in the intestines of their definitive host

The easiest way to prevent Taenia infection in humans is to

thoroughly cook or freeze meat

Psilocybin is a

toxin that acts as a hallucinogen

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to

view microorganisms and record these observations

The first true vaccine created by Jenner, protected against a disease called smallpox, which is caused by a(n) _________ pathogen that he could not see or culture

viral