Microbiology Exam One

The type of immunity conferred after birth is called

Acquired

Vaccines bring about a type of immunity referred to as

Active

What carrier harbors and disseminates the causative agents of a disease for a long time following recovery from the disease?

Active

An enzyme that is produced in a bacterial cell, but retained inside the cell is

An endoenzyme

A bacterium that produces infection only when specific conditions arise is

An opportunistic pathogen

What substances are produced by the body in response to the entry of a foreign substance into the body?

Antibodies

Which of these terms is synonymous with bacteriostatic?

Antiseptic

The type of acquired immunity that results from the inoculation of immune serum is called

Artificially acquired passive

An organism that can utilize inorganic matter as food is called

Autotrophic

Rod-shaped bacteria are called

Bacilli

Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla are shapes of

Bacteria

Least likely to be a viral disease is

Bubonic plague

Which organism causes the disease known as thrush?

Candida

Oral and vaginal thrush are caused by

Candida albicans

Which structure functions to protect the organism and to enhance its virulence?

Capsule

Which structure interferes most with phagocytosis?

Capsules

Which enzyme causes blood plasma to clot?

Coagulase

Septic sore throat is caused by a

Coccus

Which of the following is an example of a fomite?

Coffee cup

The most often diagnosed viral infection is

Common cold

Attenuation affects a pathogen by

Decreasing virulence

Which of these is a causative agent of dysentery?

Entamoeba histolytica

What type of substance is secreted by a living cell that can bring about chemical changes in another substance without undergoing any substantive change themselves?

Enzymes

A communicable disease that attacks a large number of persons in a community at about the same time is termed

Epidemic

What infection is one in which the causative agents enter the body, from the outside, by entering through one of the portals of entry?

Exogenous

Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis are caused by

Fungi

Mycology is the study of

Fungi

An agent which destroys yeasts and molds is termed a/an

Fungicide

What is classified as viscerotropic?

Hepatitis

What would most likely transmit typhoid fever as a mechanical vector?

Housefly

Rabies is also called

Hydrophobia

A highly developed state of resistance to a specific disease is called

Immunity

What control process is used to destroy something of no value?

Incineration

Weil's disease is another name for

Infectious jaundice

Which of these is an example of a physiological defense mechanism of the body against infection?

Inflammation

Which substance produced by bacteria will destroy white blood cells?

Leucocidines

An infection which remains confined to a particular part of the body is termed

Local

What type of bacteria grows best between temperatures of 30 degrees celsius an 40 degrees celsius?

Mesophilic

The lowest temperature at which growth for a species will take place is the

Minimum temperature

What disease is also known as epidemic parotitis?

Mumps

Ophthalmia neonatorum is an infection caused by a species of bacteria which is a member of the genus

Neisseria

A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another is

Non-communicable

The cytoplasm of the typical eucaryotic cell is separated from the nucleus by the

Nuclear membrane

Microorganisms that produce disease only under favorable conditions are

Opportunists

The process of ingestion of bacteria by leukocytes is

Phagocytosis

Which of these chemical agents is described as a coal-tar derivative?

Phenol

What infection occurs in an individual who has no other active infection?

Primary

Those bacteria that grow best at a relatively low temperature are

Psychrophilic

Which disease is caused by rickettsia?

Q fever

What disease is caused by Francisella tularensis?

Rabbit fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by

Rickettsia rickettsii

What is the most common mode of transmission for gonorrhea?

Sexual conduct

The same virus that causes chickenpox will also cause a second infection in some individuals. This second infection is known as

Shingles

With what disease is Varicella Zoster identified?

Shingles

Which protozoan parasite does NOT have a method for locomotion?

Sporozoa

Local skin abscesses are infections usually caused by members of the genus

Staphylococcus

What is capable of producing an enterotoxin that will cause food poisoning?

Staphylococcus

Rod-shaped bacteria that form chain-like arrangements are

Streptobacilli

What organism is capable of forming capsules when living as parasites?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

The relationship between two organisms in which neither can survive independent of the other is

Symbiotic

Another name for the disease "lockjaw" is

Tetanus

The entrance into a host by means of a deep puncture wound may cause

Tetanus

Spores are most likely to form when

The conditions for reproduction are not favorable

What is NOT a factor influencing the occurrence of an infection?

The gram stain reaction of the microbe

What is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

They are obligate saprophytes

What is NOT a factor in the action of a chemical disinfectant?

Time of day

Parrot fever is

Transmitted by air

Rabbit fever is the common name for the disease

Tularemia

Which disease may be caused by the organisms responsible for infection entering the body through the unbroken skin?

Tularemia

Spore formation occurs in response to

Unsuitable living conditions

Which of these microbes is described as being "comma" shaped?

Vibrio cholera

A bacterium which has a high degree of pathogenicity is said to be very

Virulent

Where are spores formed?

Within the cell cytoplasm

A micrometer is equal to approximately

1/25000 of an inch

The autoclave usually generates a temperature of about

121 degrees F

A person who harbors a pathogenic microbe but does not exhibit any symptoms of the disease which it is known to cause is

A carrier

What body cell is known to perform the process of phagocytosis?

A leukocyte

The size of bacteria is measured in a special unit called

A micrometer

An infection that occurs after another infection is already present is

A secondary infection