Microbiology

On the pH scale, an acid is numbers

0-6

Cyanobacteria produce ______ of Earth's oxygen.

20%

The human body is up to _____ water.

60%

Who discovered penicillin?

Alexander Fleming

What microbe causes tetanus?

C. tetani

What is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen in the US?

Chlamydia trachomatis

Which bacterium causes tissue gas?

Clostridium perfringens

Which bacterium causes diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

In controlling microbes, heat _____ proteins while cold _____ growth

Denatures , inhibits

Name the levels of classification in order

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What virus is dangerous for a mother to contract in the first trimester and will result in birth defects?

Measles

The four kingdoms are

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

What are the names of the polio vaccines?

Sabin and Salk

The bacterium that causes bubonic plague is

Yersinia pestis

What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?

cowpox

The chickenpox virus can remain dormant in what part of the body?

dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

nflammation of the brain is called ________________.

encephalitis

A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions is the

endospore

A/n ____________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down.

endotoxin

Necrosis of tissue is called _____________.

gangrene

A sticky, gelatinous coating on bacteria that surrounds the cell wall is the

glycocalyx

The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue is

hyaluronidase

Another word for skin is

integument

Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are

interferons

Tetanus is also known as ____________.

lockjaw

The study of fungi is called

mycology

How many chromosomes do bacteria have?

one

The three arrangements of bacteria are

pairs, chains, clusters

Salmonella food poisoning comes from

poultry

The proper term for "blood poisoning" is

septicemia

The process bacteria use to produce the endospore is

sporulation

What can kill endospores?

sterilization

An organism that spreads disease is called a/n

vector

What are the three sources of the spread of disease?

Animals, or persons ill of the infection, Chronic animal or human carriers, The environment

The mosquito that causes malaria is

Anopheles mosquito

An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond.

Antigen

Lyme disease is caused by which bacterium?

Borrelia burgdorferi

What virus causes West Nile?

Flavivirus

What part of the body does hepatitis affect?

Liver

The pus from __________________ is blue.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What is the only disease that has been eradicated?

Smallpox

Which bacterium causes scarlet fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which bacterium causes strep throat?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is fecal-oral transmission?

The transmission of Shigella

When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell, that is known as

amphitrichous

Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients are

saprophytes

What is the only viral disease that has been eradicated from the world?

smallpox

Genetic material in a protein coat would describe a __________________.

virus

An area of dead tissue in cutaneous anthrax is _______________.

Eschar

An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n ___________________ infection.

Focal

Antimicrobial eye drops or silver nitrate placed in a baby's eyes on delivery because of the possibility of what disease?

Gonorreah

What is a local skin infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes that mostly infects children who scratch insect bites?

Impetigo

An exogenous infection is caused by microbes that

are not normally present in the body

The prefix staphyl- means

cluster

The three basic shapes of bacteria are

coccus, bacillus, spirilla

3 types of mycoses

cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic

The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta is

cytomegalovirus

What are the two modes of disease transmission?

direct and indirect

Ebola is a ____________________ disease.

epidemic

Picking at the bedclothes is an odd symptom of what disease?

epidemic typhus

The tongue is covered with a white or black fur and is rolled up in the disease ___________.

epidemic typhus

Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces is

fimbriae

An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted is a

fomite

Francisella tularensis causes tularemia, which is also called __________.

rabbit fever

In what disease is the tongue spotted with a strawberry-like appearance?

scarlet fever

What is a furuncle?

serious hair follicle infection called a boil

The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease is

virulence

Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products are

zoonoses

A virus that infects bacteria is

bacteriophage

Bacteria reproduce by a process called

binary fission

The most poisonous substance on Earth is _____________________.

botulinum toxin

What gases make up tissue gas?

carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas

Infection with ______________ can lead to shingles later in life.

chickenpox

Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. That enzyme is

fibrinolysin

Which muscles are first affected by tetanus?

jaw muscles

COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease.

pandemic

Mumps is the infection of the ___________

parotid gland

When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell, that is known as

peritrichous

The natural habitat of a pathogen is

reservoir

An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the

slime layer

Plasmids are

small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome

When was smallpox officially eradicated?

1980

On the pH scale, a base is numbers

8-14

______________ immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination.

acquired

Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens are

antibodies

Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it is

attenuation

Which bacterium is common in raw milk and causes bacterial sepsis and meningitis in newborns, and uterine infections in postpartum women?

Streptococcus agalactiae

What is the vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Ticks

Which bacterium causes childbirth fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes

The prefix strepto- means

chain

The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population is

smallpox

_________________ is when poisonous products of bacteria are distributed throughout the body.

Toxemia

Name the three categories of fungi:

Yeasts, Molds, Dimorphic fungi

What microbe causes bubonic plague?

Yersinia pestis

What disease in infants results from ingesting honey contaminated with C. botulinum spores?

Botulism

Which bacterium does not have a cell wall

Mycoplasma

The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea is

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Which bacterium causes a furuncle?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which bacterium causes toxic shock syndrome?

Staphylococcus aureus

The three levels in controlling microbial growth are?

Sterilization , Disinfection, Antisepsis