Microbiology Worksheet 9

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Which does not refer to the shape of a virus?

Bacillus

The nucleocapsid is composed of

DNA or RNA, and protein.

Which is a filamentous phage?

M13

What part of the attached bacteriophage enters through the host cell wall?

The nucleic acid.

Prions

are made of protein only.

The correct order for the stages of a phage infection is

attachment, penetration, transcription, replication of nucleic acid and protein, assembly, release.

Viruses that infect bacteria are referred to as

bacteriophages.

The shape of the virus is determined by its

capsid.

If the infecting phage lacks some critical pieces of DNA necessary for replication, it is called

defective.

The viral envelope closely resembles the

eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane.

The enveloped viruses typically obtain their envelope

from the host cytoplasmic membrane as they exit the host.

Enveloped viruses

have a lipid bilayer membrane containing various proteins.

Assembly of the T4 phage

may involve some self-assembly AND may involve the use of scaffolds.

Outside of living cells, viruses are

metabolically inert.

Using phages to treat a bacterial infection is an interesting idea because

of the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in pathogens.

A limiting factor for viral infection of animals cells is

presence of specific receptor molecules on the host cell.

Phage-encoded enzymes are

produced in a sequential manner AND are used to customize the cell for viral production.

The protein projections on the surface of a virus that are involved in attachment to the host cell are called

spikes.

Viroids characteristically are composed of

ssRNA.

Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called

temperate phages.

The integration of phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome occurs because of

the phage's ability to synthesize an enzyme that integrates its DNA into the host's chromosome.

Retroviruses are unique in that they

use RNA as a template to make DNA.

A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a

virulent or lytic phage.


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