MICROFINAL
The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized to pyruvate using the Entner-Doudoroff pathway is:
1
In the TCA cycle, two carbons in the form of __________ are released during the cycle.
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following groups of microorganisms is capable of oxygenic photosynthesis?
Cyanobacteria
The process of using nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration is called
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction
All prokaryotic phototrophic organisms are anoxygenic.
False
Fermentative microorganisms generate ATP ONLY via substrate level phosphorylation, while respiratory microorganisms generate ATP ONLY via oxidative phosphorylation.
False
Members of the genus Rhizobium infect broad-leaved plants and cause crown gall disease.
False
Members of the genus Caulobacter are
Oligotrophs
Bacterial genera beginning with the prefix nitroso-:
Oxidize ammonia to nitrite
Which of these compounds is an energy-rich intermediate in glycolysis?
Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)
Most members of the Creanarachaeota are
Thermoacidophiles
Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota are:
Three phyla within the domain Archaea
In the process of noncyclic (Acyclic) photophosphorylation
-Water is split to form oxygen gas -Electrons from water flow through electron transport chains resulting in synthesis of ATP and NADPH. -Photosystems I and II are both required.
The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized to pyruvate using Embden-Meyerhof (glycolysis) pathway is
2
In order to form a single molecule of glucose, it takes __________ turns through the reactions of the Calvin cycle.
6
The electron transport chain is:
A. A group of electron carriers that operate together to transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to a terminal electron acceptor
Hydrogenotrophic methanoges fix CO2 using
Acetyl CoA pathway
The proteome refers to
All of the proteins that an organism produces.
Most of the oligotrophic Proteobacteria are found in the
Alpha proteobacteria
Which of the following may be used as sources of energy by chemolithotrophs?
Ammonia Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen gas
ATP synthase is:
An enzyme that uses PMF down gradient to catalyze ATP synthesis
The Halobacteria are members of the
Archaea
The process of using nitrate as a source of nitrogen during anabolism is called
Assimilatory nitrate reduction
Within the F1 part of the ATP synthase (ATPase) enzyme, the active site, which is present in the _________ subunit undergoes three conformational changes resulting in the binding of ADP and Pi, the synthesis of ATP, and the eventual release of ATP.
Beta (β)
Fatty acids in triglycerides are degraded to acetyl CoA using the __________ pathway/cycle
Beta oxidation
The three phases of the Calvin cycle are the _____________, ______________ and _____________________ phases.
Carboxylation, reduction, and regeneration
The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the _____________________ hypothesis.
Chemiosmotic
The field of Microbial taxonomy encompasses the following disciplines
Classification Nomenclature Identification
Bacteroides in the human intestinal tract benefit the host by degrading
Complex carbohydrates in the host diet (e.g. Cellulose)
Burkholderia cepacia is:
Could cause nosocomial infections Capable of metabolizing >100 organic compounds Plant pathogen that can cause onion rot
Amino acids are catabolized first by the removal of the amino group through
Deamination or transamination
The core of the bacterial endospore is
Dehydrated Rich in small acid soluble (SASP) proteins Rich in calcium and dipicolinic acid
chemical reaction that requires an input of energy in order to proceed is
Endergonic/endothermic
Phylotyping is the identification of microbes by culturing them in novel media
False
Pyruvate is an energy rich intermediate during glycolysis
False
Sequencing the genome of a microorganism is technically impossible and has never been achieved
False
The terminal electron acceptor during aerobic respiration is sulfate.
False
Transfer of electrons is exergonic (exothermic, feasible) from a pair with more positive E0 to a pair of more negative one, but not the opposite.
False
When DG value of a chemical reaction is negative, the reaction is endothermic (energy requiring)
False
The citric acid cycle (Tricarboxylic acid cycle) generates energy that could be captured by converting
GDP to GTP
The motor powering rotation in the ATP synthase enzyme is the ........subunit
Gamma (γ)
Triglycerides are broken down by lipases (esterases) into
Glycerol and long chain fatty acids
A square/stamp shaped bacterium was discovered that belongs to the
Halobacteria
In the Calvin Cycle, carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the enzyme
In the Calvin Cycle, carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the enzyme
Chemotaxis is the process by which bacteria
Move toward a chemical attractant or away from a chemical repellent
The reduction of atmospheric nitrogen gas to ammonia is called
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation is mediated by the enzyme
Nitrogenase
A microorganism that acquires energy from light, carbon from carbon dioxide, and electrons from inorganic sources is called a ____________
Photolithoautotroph
___________ use light as a source of energy
Phototrophs
classification system based on evolutionary relationships is called a _________ classification.
Phylogenetic
The general order of classification below the domain or kingdom level is
Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
_____________ is an example of Genomic fingerprinting methods
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
Members of the genus Pseudomonas:
Some species are human, animal and plant pathogens Can cause food spoilage metabolically versatile
A population descending from a single pure culture isolate is called a
Strain
Fermentative organisms produce ATP using.
Substrate-level phosphorylation
____________ is an example of an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration
Sulfate (SO42-)
Organisms that use sulfate as an electron acceptor in the process of anaerobic respiration are celled
Sulfate-reducing bacteria
The ammonia oxidizing Archaea belong to the
Thaumarchaeota
Which of the following pathways is NOT a CO2 fixation pathway by autotrophs
The Calvin cycle
Alcohol (ethanol) is one of the products that could be formed by fermentation
True
Anaerobic nitrate respiration is a dissimilatory process
True
Keq (Equilibrium constant) value could be used to calculate the standard free energy change (DG) of a chemical reaction
True
Members of the genus Hypomicrobium is an oligotrophic facultative methylotrophic microorganisms
True
Microarray technology can be used to simultaneously monitor the level of expression of every gene in a cell.
True
The equilibrium constant for a redox reaction is called the standard redox (or reduction) potential.
True
The genus Myxobacteria is capable of forming spores called Myxospores
True
The mole % (G + C) of a DNA sample can be estimated from its TM (melting temperature) of a DNA.
True
The result of six Calvin cycles is that six CO2 molecules are fixed to produce one C6 compound (glucose) for biosynthesis.
True
To identify a gene within a sequenced genome, you must have a start codon, a stop codon, a minimal length of 100 aa, and a ribosomal binding site
True
Members of the genus Thiobacillus are:
True Chemolithotrophs that oxidize sulfur compounds
During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed ______________ at a time as ___________
Two; acetyl-CoA
Primary active transport using ABC transporters
Uses ATP hydrolysis as a source of energy to power transport across the membrane
Members of the genus Methylococcus
Utilize methane as a carbon source
All members of the genus Bacillus are gram positive, strict anaerobic fermentative spore forming organisms
false
All members of the genus Clostridium are human pathogens
false
Although discussed with the bacteria, Rickettsia are small obligate intracellular parasites and are therefore, more properly classified as viruses.
false
Anaerobic respiration of nitrate is also called assimilatory nitrate reduction
false
Cyclic electron flow in oxygenic photosynthesis generates oxygen.
false
Fatty acids are catabolized in bacteria through the calvin cycle/pathway
false
Members of the genus Rickettsia reproduce in the phagosome
false
Members of the genus Thiobacillus are phototrophic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms
false
Members of the phylum Thermotoga have no cell walls.
false
Nitrifying bacteria require reverse electron transport for NADPH generation while sulfide-oxidizing bacteria do not
false
Rickettsia and Coxiella are examples of oligotrophoc microorganisms
false
Secondary transport in bacteria e.g. symport and antiport requires energy and is powered by ATP hydrolysis
false
Sulfate reduction is only observed in members of the Bacteria and never in the Archaea
false
The actinobacteria are gram-negative soil-dwelling microorganisms
false
The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that some carriers within the chain accept electron and protons while others accepts protons only and pump the electron outside the plasma membrane.
false
The genus Myxobacteria form fruiting bodies under conditions where food is abundant.
false
The sulfate-reducing bacteria thrive in aerobic environments
false
The terminal electron acceptor during aerobic respiration is water.
false
Which of these is not part of a typical flagellar structure
glycolipid
The process of carbon dioxide fixation refers to
reduction of carbon dioxide and incorporation into organic molecules that are assimilated
Microorganisms use special molecules called _______________ to assist them in the uptake of iron.
siderophores
ATP is the energy currency of the cell
true
Actinomycetes are gram positive bacteria, many of which produce antibiotics and/or bioactive metabolites
true
Catabolic processes are overall oxidative and generate energy and electrons, while anabolic processes are usually reductive and require energy and electrons
true
Cyanobacteria are abundant in the open ocean waters where they contribute to global carbon dioxide fixation and oxygen production
true
Cyanobacteria are frequently the photosynthetic partner in lichen associations.
true
Electron transport chain is the process of generation of proton gradient across the membrane by pumping protons to the outside of the cell.
true
Facilitated diffusion and active transport requires carrier molecules (permeases) and hence exhibit carrier saturation effect, while passive diffusion does not
true
Fermentative organisms have no respiratory chain/ and hence produce ATP only via substrate level phosphorylation.
true
In the absence of salt (NaCl), the cell walls of the extreme halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum will disintegrate.
true
Members of the Thermatoga have acquired multiple genes in their genome from the archaea via horizontal gene transfer
true
Members of the genus Aquifex are chemolithoautotrophs
true
Methanogens are oxygen sensitive microorganisms and hence thrive in environments devoid of oxygen e.g. cow rumen
true
Nitrification is the process of oxidation of ammonia to nitrate.
true
Nitrogen fixation is an energy intensive process that requires ATP input.
true
The differences in absorption spectra of chlorophyll pigments each phototrophic bacterial group possess correlates with the group's ecological distribution
true
The genus Rickettsia belongs to the Alpha Proteobacteria
true
Two dimensional gel electrophoresis could be used in proteomic studies to identify cellular proteins within a microorganism
true
Type VI secretion system is used by Vibrio cholera to attack other cells
true
When used for anabolic biosynthetic purposes, the Pentose Phosphate pathway completely oxidizes one molecule of glucose 6 phosphate to six molecules of CO2
true
Type IV pili are utilized by some microorganisms for
twitching motility