Mid-Level Math
diagonal
(geometry) a straight line connecting any two vertices of a polygon that are not adjacent.
minimum
(n.) the smallest possible amount; (adj.) the lowest permissible or possible
polygon
A closed geometric figure in a plane formed by connecting line segments endpoint to endpoint with each segment intersecting exactly two others. Polygons are classified by the number of sides they have, such as a triangle has three sides, a quadrilateral has four sides, and a pentagon has five sides. [6.G.1,3; 7.G.6]
standard form
A common or usual way of writing a number using digits.
rate
A comparison of two different units, such as distance and time, or two different things measured with the same unit. [6.RP.2,3,3b,c; 7.RP.1,2b,d]
ratio
A comparison of two quantities; ratios can be written as fractions (indicating a quotient), or using the word "to," or using a colon (:).[6.RP.1-3; 7.RP.1-3]
unit cube
A cube whose edges are 1 unit long; it is the basic unit of measurement for capacity or volume. [6.G.2]
cup
A customary unit of capacity. 1 cup = 8 fluid ounces
gallon (gal)
A customary unit of capacity. 1 gallon = 4 quarts
pint (pt)
A customary unit of capacity. 1 pint = 2 cups
quart (qt)
A customary unit of capacity. 1 quart = 2 pints or 1 quart = 4 cups
inch (in)
A customary unit of length, 12 inches = 1 foot.
repeating decimal
A decimal that has one or more digits following the decimal point that repeat endlessly.
box plot
A diagram or graph using a number line to show the distribution of a set of data. [6.SP.4]
line plot
A diagram showing frequency of data on a number line where each data value is shown as a dot or mark above the number line. Also known as a dot plot.
time interval
A duration of a segment of time.
variable expense
A expense that changes-or varies-over time.
lateral face
A face of a solid that is not one of the bases.
geometric figure
A figure formed by any combination of points, lines, planes, curves or surfaces in one, two, or three dimensions. [7.G.1,2]
unit fraction
A fraction that has 1 as its numerator. [6.G.2]
decimal fraction
A fractional number with a denominator of 10 or a power of 10. Usually written with a decimal point
scatter plot
A graph of plotted points that show the relationship between two sets of data.
double number line diagram
A graphic diagram that shows a proportional relationship between two quantities. [6.RP.3]
tree diagram
A graphic organizer for listing the possible outcomes of an experiment. [7.SP.8,8b]
fact family
A group of related facts that use the same numbers. Also called related facts.
variable
A letter or symbol that represents a number. [6.EE.2c,6,9; 7.EE.4]
symmetry
A line on which a figure can be folded into two parts that are congruent mirror images of each other.
asymptote
A line that a graph gets closer and closer to, but never touches or crosses.
line of symmetry
A line that divides a figure into two congruent halves that are mirror images of each other
algebraic equation
A math sentence with variables, numbers, at least one operation and an equal sign.
exponent
A mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself. [6.EE.1,2c]
expression
A mathematical phrase without an equal sign. [6.EE.1-4,6; 7.EE.1-2]
equation
A mathematical sentence with an equals sign. The amount on one side of the equals sign has the same value as the amount on the other side, such as 4 + 3 = 7 or x + 5 = 9. [6.RP.3; 6. NS.1; 6.EE.3,4; 7.Rp.2b,2c; 7.EE.4,4a; 7.G.5]
inequality
A mathematical statement that compares two expressions by using one of the following symbols:>,<,≥,≤,or≠. [6.EE.5,8; 7.EE.4,4b]
dimension
A measure in one direction (e.g., length, width, height, or depth.)
median
A measure of center in a set of numerical data. The median of a list of values is the value appearing at the center of a sorted version of the list - or the mean of the two central values if the list contains an even number of values. [6.SP.5c]
measure of variation
A measure of how much a collection of data is spread out. Commonly used types include MAD, range and quartiles. (Also known as spread or dispersion.) [6.SP.3; 7.SP.2]
mean absolute deviation (MAD)
A measure of variation in a set of numerical data. The average distance between each data value and the mean. Computed by adding the distances between each data value and the mean, then dividing by the number of data values. [6.SP.5c; 7.SP.3]
survey
A method of collecting a sample data by asking people questions. [7.SP.2]
simple interest
A method of computing interest based on the original principle only, no matter how much money has accrued. [7.RP.3]
stem and leaf plot
A method of graphing a collection of numbers by placing the "stem" digits (or initial digits) in one column and the "leaf" digits (or remaining digits) out to the right.
additive inverses
A number and it's opposite whose sum is 0; ex. -4 and 4=0. [7.NS.1b,1c]
coefficient
A number by which a variable is multiplied; for example in the term 6x, this is 6. [6.EE.2b; 7.EE.1; 8.EE.7b]
ordinal number
A number defining a thing's position in a series, such as "first," "second," or "third." Ordinal numbers are used as adjectives, nouns, and pronouns.
composite number
A number greater than 0 that has more than two different factors
subtrahend
A number or quantity to be subtracted from another.
mixed number
A number that has a whole number (not 0) and a fraction.
common factor
A number that is a factor of two or more numbers. A common factor of 9 and 6 is 3. [6.NS.4]
common multiple
A number that is a multiple of two or more other number. [6.NS.4]
dividend
A number that is divided by another number.
square root
A number that is multiplied by itself to form a product; the inverse of squaring a number.
decimal
A number with one or more digits to the right of a decimal point. [6.NS.3; 7.NS.2d; 7.EE.3]
spread
A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the "center". [6.SP.2]
sample statistic
A numerical value that is calculated using data from a sample.
vertical angles
A pair of angles formed by two intersecting lines; these share a common vertex but no common sides. [7.G.5]
coordinate
A pair of numbers used to determine the position of a point on a graph. [6.NS.6,8; 6.G.3; 7.RP2a]
square
A parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles.
rectangle
A parallelogram with four right angles. Diagonals are congruent. [6.G.1,4]
ray
A part of a line that has one endpoint and goes on forever in one direction.
line segment
A part of a line with two endpoints
circle
A plane figure with all points the same distance from a fixed point called a center
coordinate plane
A plane formed by a horizontal number line called the x-axis and a vertical number line called the y-axis. [6.RP.3a; 6.NS.6b,c,8; 6.G.3; 7.RP.2a]
trapezoid
A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
vector
A quantity ,drawn as an arrow, that has magnitude and direction.
unit rate
A rate in which one of the quantities represented has a value of one; for example, a rate of 25 miles per gallon is a unit rate that can be written as 25 miles/1 gallon. [6.RP.2,3b; 7.RP.1,2b,d]
relative frequency
A ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations. [7.SP.6]
conversion factor
A ratio relating a number of units to a unit measure; for example, the ratio 12 to 1 is this relating inches to feet, and 1 to 12 is this relating feet to inches
percent
A ratio that compares a number to 100 and uses the % symbol. [6.RP.3c; 7.RP.3]
constant rate of change
A ratio when the dependent, y-value, changes at a constant rate for each independent, x-value.
markdowns
A reduction in price used to stimulate sales, dispose of slow moving merchandise or meet the competitors price. [7.RP.3]
discount
A reduction in price.
proportional relationship
A relationship between variables in a problem that is characterized by three things: 1) there is a constant rate of change between the variables: y/x is constant for any ordered pair, 2) the graph goes through the origin, and 3) the equation for the function has the form y = kx where k is the constant of proportionality, y/x [6.RP; 7.RP.2-3]
function
A relationship from one set (called the domain or input) to another set (called the range or output) that assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range.
pattern
A repeating or growing sequence or design. An ordered set of numbers or shapes arranged according to a rule.
axiom
A rule or a statement that is accepted as true without proof.
formula
A rule that is written using symbols, usually as an equation describing a certain relationship between quantities. [6.EE.2c; 6.G.2; 7.G.4]
rebate
A sales promotion used as an incentive to get buyers to purchase a specific product.
line
A set of connected points continuing without end in both directions
coordinate axes
A set of lines or curves used to define a coordinate system. [6.NS.6]
sequence
A set of numbers arranged in a special order or pattern.
population
A set of numbers for which data are to be collected and analyzed with the purpose of drawing some conclusions about some feature of this. [7.SP.1-4]
Order of Operations
A set of rules for evaluating expressions with more than one operation; the order is: do calculations inside parentheses, evaluate expressions with exponents, multiply or divide from left to right, add or subtract from left to right. [6.EE.2c]
factor pairs
A set of two whole numbers when multiplied, will result in a given product.
subset
A set whose elements are all in another set; every set is this of itself.
term
A single number, or a variable, or numbers and variables multiplied together.
sample
A small representative group chosen from a population; a good one of these can be used to make predictions about the larger population,
representative sample
A small sample of something that accurately represents an entire group. [7.SP.1]
prism
A solid with parallel congruent bases that are both polygons; the sides (faces) of this are all parallelograms or rectangles; these are named according to the shape of its bases. [6.G.2; 7.G.3,6]
monetary incentive
A special offer that reduces the total cost of one or more items, such as "buy one, get one free."
coordinate system
A standard grid, composed of lines of latitude and longitude, used to determine the absolute location of any object, place, or feature on the earth's surface.
meter (m)
A standard unit of length in the metric system.
postulate
A statement accepted as true without proof; an axiom
algorithm (or standard algorithm)
A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. [6.NS.2, .3]
census
A study that gains information about every number of a population.
metric system
A system of measurement based on tens. The basic unit of capacity is the liter. The basic unit of length is the meter. The basic unit of mass is the gram.
customary system
A system of measurement used in the U.S. The system includes units for measuring length, capacity (volume), and weight
function table
A table that lists pairs of numbers that follow a rule.
property tax
A tax paid on real estate which is based on the value of the property, including land.
improper fraction
A term for a fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator.
constant
A term in an expression that does not change in value because it does not contain a variable; for example, this in the expression 3n + 6 is 6 is constant.
rectangular prism
A three-dimensional figure (polyhedron) with congruent rectangular parallel bases and lateral faces that are parallelograms. [6.G.2; 7.G.3]
pyramid
A three-dimensional figure whose base is a polygon and whose other faces are triangles that share a common vertex. [7.G.3,6]
protractor
A tool used to measure and draw angles. [7.G.2]
translation
A transformation in which every point in a figure is moved in the same direction and by the same distance. Also called a slide.
right triangle
A triangle that has one 90º angle. [6.G.1,4]
scalene triangle
A triangle that has sides of different lengths and three different angles.
isosceles triangle
A triangle with at least 2 equal sides and 2 equal angles.
obtuse triangle
A triangle with one obtuse angle.
equilateral triangle
A triangle with three congruent sides.
net
A two-dimensional drawing used to represent or form a three-dimensional object or solid. [6.G.4]
plane figure
A two-dimensional figure.
degree (angle measure)
A unit for measuring angles. Based on dividing one complete circle into 360 equal parts
degree (temperature)
A unit for measuring temperature.
hour (hr)
A unit of time. 1 hour = 60 minutes. 24 hours = 1 day.
square unit
A unit, such as square centimeter, square foot, square mile or square inch, used to measure area.
outlier
A value that "lies outside" (is much smaller or larger than) most of the other values in a set of data.
independent variable
A variable in an equation that may have its value freely chosen regardless the values of any other variable. [6.EE.9]
diagram
A visual representation of data to help readers better understand relationships among data, such as an organizational chart, venn diagram, and pyramids. [7.RP.2b]
bar chart/graph
A way of displaying categorical data (for example, colors, types, qualities); each bar represents a different category; the vertical scale for the bar heights is labeled with the count or percent for each category.
word form
A way of using words to write a number.
fraction
A way to describe a part of a whole or a part of a group by using equal parts. [6.NS.1; 6.G.2; 7.RP.1; 7.NS.2,2a]
expanded form
A way to write numbers that shows the place value of each digit
prime number
A whole number greater than 0 that has exactly two different factors, 1 and itself.
radius
Aa line segment with one endpoint at the center of a circle and the other endpoint on the circle.
integers
All natural numbers and their opposites (both positive and negative) and zero. [6.NS.6c; 7.NS.2b]
Real Number
All the numbers that can be represented by points on a number line. Real Numbers are made up of all the rational and irrational numbers.
region
All the points inside a closed shape together with all the points on the edge of the shape.
binomial
An algebraic expression (or a polynomial) containing two terms that are not like terms.
markup
An amount added to the original cost of an item to find the selling price. [7.RP.3]
gratuities
An amount given to employees by customers for services rendered, also known as a tip. [7.RP.3]
semicircle
An arc whose measure is half of a circle; the area of this is half of the area of a circle with the same radius.
array
An arrangement of objects in equal rows.
simulation
An artificial process for generating an outcome instead of using a probability experiment.
theorem
An assertion tat can be proved true using the rules of logic.
algebraic statement
An equation or inequality that contains variables, such as (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
budget
An estimate of expected income and expenses, with each type of income and expense identified by amount.
fixed expense
An expense that does not change over a period of time.
numerical expression
An expression that contains numbers and operations; for example, 12 + 0 and (10 x 5) x 3 are expressions that contain numbers and operations. [6.EE.1]
subtract
An operation that gives the difference between two numbers. Subtraction can be used to compare two numbers, or to find out how much is left after some is taken away.
tip
An optional payment-in addition to the cost of the bill-to someone who provides good service.
equally likely outcome
An outcome of a probability experiment in which every different outcome has the same chance of occurring.
numerical statement
An sentence that compares two expressions using equality statements; for example 20 x 4 = 4 x 20
conjecture
An unproved statement that seems to be true.
solution
Answer to a problem. [6.EE.8]
solution set
Any and all value(s) of the variable(s) that satisfies an equation, inequality, system of equations,or system of inequalities. [7.EE.4b]
addend
Any number being added.
rational number
Any number that can be written as the ratio of two integers where the divisor is not zero; for example, 8, 1.5, 2/5, - 3, .25/.75. [6.NS.6,6c,7, 7b,c; 6.EE.7; 7.NS.1-3; 7.EE.3,4a,b]
factor (noun)
Any of the numbers or symbols that when multiplied together form a product. [6.NS.4; 6.EE.2b; 7.EE.1]
digit
Any of the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 used to write numbers. [6.NS.2,3]
capacity
Capacity refers to the amount of liquid a container can hold.
sampling
Choosing a portion of the population to study which resembles the entire population.
selected at random
Choosing in a way that gives each member of the group the same chance of being chosen.
circumcenter
Circumcenter of a triangle is the point of intersection of all the three perpendicular bisectors of the triangle.
multiplicative comparison
Compare by asking or telling how many times more one amount is as another. For example, 4 times greater than.
length
How long something is. The distance from one point to another. Length is measured in units such as inches, feet, centimeters, etc
Identity Property of Multiplication
If you multiply a number by one, the product is the same as that number.
center
In a circle, a given point from which the set of points in the same plane are an equal distance.
period
In a large number, periods are groups of 3 digits separated by commas or by spaces.
cosine
In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse.
quadratic
In math a quadratic equation is a polynomial equation of the second degree. Its general format is ax2 + bx + c = 0, where x represents a variable and a, b, and c represent coefficients and constants, where a ≠ 0 (If a = 0, the equation becomes a linear equation.). The constants a, b, and c are called the quadratic coefficient, the linear coefficient and the constant term or free term respectively. The term quadratic comes from quadratus, which is Latin for "square."
property
In mathematics, a property is a rule or statement that is always true.
hundredths
In the decimal numeration system, hundredths is the name of the next place to the right of tenths.
complex solid
In three-dimensional geometry, the result of putting two or more solids together.
complement of an event
Includes all possible outcomes of a probability experiment that are not outcomes of the event
compound interest
Interest calculated on the total principle plus the interest earned or owed during the previous time period.
estimated probability
Is calculated by observing the outcome of a probability experiment many times; sometimes called empirical probabilities
assets
Items that one owns.
less than
Less than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is smaller than the second number
parallel lines
Lines that are always the same distance apart. They do not intersect.
intersecting lines
Lines that cross at a point.
plot
Locating and marking a point when given its coordinates. [6.RP.3a; 6.SP.4]
inferences
Logical conclusion drawn from available evidence and prior knowledge made from observations. [7.SP.1-4]
mode
Measure of central tendency that uses most frequently occurring number or numbers in a set of data.
third quartile
Median of the upper half of a collection of data; 75th percentile.
approximate
Not exact, but close enough to be reasonably correct. ≈ [7.SP.6, 7b, 8c]
negative numbers
Numbers that are less than 0. [6.NS.5,6,7c]
statistical
Of, relating to, or employing the principles of statistics. [6.SP.1,2]
reciprocal
One of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2.
tenth
One of the equal parts when a whole is divided into 10 equal parts.
hundredth
One of the equal parts when a whole is divided into 100 equal parts.
outcome
One of the possible result of a probability experiment. [8.SP.7a-b,8a-b]
cube root
One of three equal factors of a number, the cube root of 8 is 2 because 2x2x2=8. (³√)
second (sec)
One sixtieth of a minute. There are 60 seconds in a minute.
minute (min)
One sixtieth of an hour or 60 seconds.
inverse operations
Operations that undo each other.
horizontal
Parallel to, or in the plane of the horizon. [6.NS.6c; 7.NS.1]
arc
Part of a circle between any two of its points.
apothem
Perpendicular segment that connects the center of a regular polygon to the midpoint of a side.
vertical
Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. [7.NS.1]
additive comparison
Problems that ask how much more or less one amount is than another.
proportion
Proportion: An equation stating that two ratios are equal. Proportional: When two quantities always have the same relative size.
equivalent ratio
Ratios that have the same value. [6.RP.3, 3a; 7.R.2a]
irrational numbers
Real numbers that cannot be written as a simple fraction- the decimal goes on forever without repeating.
statistical variability
Refers to the extent to which data points differ from each other. There are four commonly used measures of variability; range, mean, variance and standard deviation. [6.SP.1-3]
3-dimensional
Solid shapes; having points or sides that are not all on one plane. Having height, width, and depth (3-D). [6.G.4; 7.G.3, 6]
annual
Something that happens once per year.
long division
Standard procedure suitable for dividing simple or complex multi-digit numbers. It breaks down a division problem into a series of easier steps. [7.NS.2d]
Roman numeral
The Roman system of numbering where numbers are represented by letters.
remainder
The amount left over when one number is divided by another.
percent error
The amount of error between the assumed value and the actual value. [7.RP.3]
mass
The amount of matter in an object. Usually measured by comparing with an object of known mass. While gravity influences weight, it does not affect mass.
take-home pay
The amount of money an employee receives in a paycheck after amounts are withheld for taxes, health insurance, or contributions to retirement savings.
difference
The amount that remains after one quantity is subtracted from another.
quotient
The answer to a division problem. [6.NS.1; 6.EE.2b; 7.NS.2b]
product
The answer to a multiplication problem. [6.EE.2b; 7.NS.2a]
sum
The answer to an addition problem.
mean
The arithmetic average of a data set; the sum of all the values divided by the number of values, x̄ = (Σxi)/n. [6.SP.5c; 7.SP.2,3]
plus
The arithmetic operation of adding
sample mean
The average of the data values for a sample.
population mean
The average of the data values for the whole population; if the sample is selected in the reasonable way, the sample mean can be used as an estimate of this.
liter (L)
The basic unit of capacity in the metric system. 1 liter = 1,000 milliliters
range
The difference between the greatest number and the least number in a set of data.
net worth
The difference between what is owned and what is owed.
circumference
The distance around a circle. The formula is C=πd (pi, diameter). [7.G.4]
perimeter
The distance around the outside of a figure.
absolute value
The distance of a number from zero on a number line; distance or this is always positive; for example the answer for 6 and -6 are both 6. [6.NS.7c, 7d, 8; 7.NS.1c]
point
The exact location in space represented by a dot.
prime factorization
The expression of a number as the product of prime factors.
greatest common factor (GCF)
The greatest number that is a factor of two or more numbers. [6.NS.4]
slant height of the pyramid
The height of a triangular face of a pyramid.
axis
The horizontal and vertical number lines used in a coordinate plane system. [6.NS.6, 6b; 8.EE.6]
x-axis
The horizontal number line on a Cartesian Coordinate System.
cross section
The intersection of a solid figure and a plane
sine
The length of the opposite side divided by te length of the hypotenuse.
tangent
The length of the opposite side divided by the length of the adjacent side. Also, a line the plane of a circle that intersects the circle in exactly one point.
operation
The math processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The operators are +, -, *, /. [6.NS.2,3; 6.EE.2a,c,3; 7.NS.1d,2a,c,3; 7.EE.1,3,4a]
weight
The measure of how heavy something is.
area of a circle
The measure of the interior surface of a circle. The formula is A=πr² (pi, radius squared) [7.G.4]
area of a quadrilateral
The measure of the interior surface of a quadrilateral. The formula is A=bh (base, height) [6.G.1; 7.G.6]
area of a regular polygon
The measure of the interior surface of a regular polygon. The formula is A=1/2 ap (apothem, perimeter). [6.g.1; 7.G.6]
probability
The measurement of the likelihood that an event will occur. [6.SP; 7.SP.5-8]
first quartile
The median of the lower half of a data set.
interquartile range (IQR)
The middle 50% of the data, that is, the 75th to 25th percentile. It is typically reported when a median value is used for the measure of central tendency. The IQR is appropriate for ordinal-, interval-, and ratio-level variables. [6.SP.5c]
divisor
The number by which another number is divided. [7.NS.2b
minuend
The number from which the subtrahend is taken.
volume (liquid)
The number of cubic units it takes to fill a figure. The measure of the space occupied by a three-dimensional figure; this is measure in cubic units as cubic inches (inches cubed). [6.EE.2c; 6.G.2; 7.G.6]
frequency
The number of times a particular item appears in a set of data.
numerator
The number written above the line in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are described in the fraction.
multiples
The numbers that result from multiplying a whole number by the set of whole numbers. [6.NS.4]
multiply
The operation of repeated addition of the same number.
percent increase/decrease
The percent by which an original amount is increased or decreased; this is determined by dividing the change by the original amount. [7.RP.3]
interest
The percentage of a loan amount charged by the lender; rates are stated as a percentage. [7.RP.3]
vertex (vertices)
The point at which two line segments, lines, or rays meet to form an angle. [6.G.3]
origin
The point of intersection of the x- and y- axes in the Cartesian Coordinate System, where the x-coordinate and y-coordinate are both zero. (0,0) [7.RP.2a]
factor (verb)
The process of finding the factors that form a product.
probability experiment
The process of observing an outcome when there is chance involved, which means that the outcome is not known prior to doing the experiment.
Zero Property of Multiplication
The product of any number and zero is zero.
reflexive
The property of equality that states anything is equal to itself.
Multiplicative Identity Property of 1
The property that states that when you multiply a number by 1, the product is that number.
denominator
The quantity below the line in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are in the whole
Pi
The ratio of a circles circumference to it's diameter.
rate of change
The ratio of output values to corresponding input values.
constant of proportionality
The ratio of output values to input values in a relationship which is directly proportional.
theoretical probability
The ratio of the number of outcomes in which the event can occur to the total number of outcomes in the probability experiment.
experimental probability
The ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials, or times that the activity is performed.
relative size
The relationship between two items showing how the size of one item is larger or smaller than the other item.
zero pair
The result when one positive number is paired with one negative number. Ex. -3+3=0.
additive Identity Property of 0
The rule that states that any number plus 0 is equal to that number.
sample space
The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. [7.SP.8a,b]
domain (of a relationship)
The set of all x-coordinates of the ordered pairs of that relation.
surface area
The sum of the areas of the faces of a solid figure. [6.G.4; 7.G.6]
lateral area
The sum of the areas of the lateral faces of a solid.
angle
The union of two rays with a common endpoint (vertex). [7.G.2, 5; 8.G.1b,5]
place value
The value of the place of a digit in a number.
x-coordinate
The value on the x-axis used to locate a point on the coordinate graph. It is the first value in an ordered pair.
y-coordinate
The value on the y-axis used to locate a point on the coordinate graph. It is the second value in an ordered pair. [6.NS.8]
sampling variability
The variability in the values of a sample statistic that occurs when random samples are selected from a population because different samples include different individuals.
dependent variable
The variable in a relation with a value that depends on the value of the independent variable. [6.EE.9]
media
The various ways by which news and information are communicated to the public; for example, through television, radio, and newspapers.
orientation
The way in which a figure is positioned.
quadrant
The x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane into four regions. Each region is called a quadrant. [6.NS.6b,8]
collinear
Three or more points lie on the same straight line.
critique
To analyze and discuss the details of something.
convert
To change something from one form to another. [6.RP.3d; 7.NS.2d; 7.EE.3]
add
To combine, to put together two or more quantities. The answer is the sum.
compare
To decide if one number is greater than, less than, or equal to; or find out how things are different or the same.
simplify
To express a fraction in simplest form. The process of converting a fraction or mixed number to an equivalent fraction or mixed number, in which the greatest common factor of the numerator and the denominator of the fraction is one.
estimate
To find a number close to an exact amount, an estimate tells about how much or about how many
determine
To find or figure out.
round a whole number
To find the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, (and so on).
evaluate
To find the value of a mathematical expression
predict or prediction
To make a reasonable guess about something that will happen, often but not always based on experience or knowledge. [7.SP.2,6]
ascend
To move upward.
compose
To put together components or basic elements.
substitution
To replace the variables in an equation with numbers. [6.EE.5]
decompose
To separate into components or basic elements
divide
To separate into equal groups and find the number in each group or the number of groups. [6.RP.3d; 6.NS.1-3; 7.NS.2,2b,2c,2d]
compute
To solve problems that use numbers.
classify
To sort into categories or to arrange into groups by attributes
prove
To verify
supplementary angles
Two angles whose measures have a sum of 180 degrees. [7.G.5]
complementary angles
Two angles whose measures have a sum of ninety degrees.[7.G.5]
perpendicular lines
Two intersecting lines that form right angles when they cross (90 degrees).
equivalent expression
Two or more expressions that may look different, but represent the same quantity or have equal values when evaluated; for example, the expression 2x + 4x and the expression 6x are this. [6.EE.3,4; 7.EE]
parentheses
Used in mathematics as grouping symbols for operations. When simplifying an expression, the operations within the parentheses are performed first.
comparison bars
Used to represent larger and smaller amounts in a comparison situation. Can be used to represent all four operations. Different lengths of bars are drawn to represent each number
histogram
Used with univariate data, frequencies are shown on the vertical axis, and intervals or bins define the values on the horizontal axis. [6.SP.4[
lowest terms
When a fraction is expressed with the fewest possible pieces, it is in lowest terms. (Also called simplest form.)
simplest form
When a fraction is expressed with the fewest possible pieces, it is in simplest form. (Also called lowest terms.)
negative exponent
When a number has a negative exponent, the exponent becomes positive by changing the base to its reciprocal.
Distributive Property
When one of the factors of a product is a sum, multiplying each addend before adding does not change the product. [6.NS.4; 6.EE.3; 7.NS.2a]
similar figures
figures in which the lengths of the corresponding sides are in proportion and the corresponding angles are congruent
decompose the figure
in geometry, when you divide a composite figure into smaller figures, this phrase is sometimes used
descend
to move downward
multiplicative inverses
two numbers that when multiplied together equal 1. For every nonzero number a/b, where a, b don't equal zero, there is exactly one number b/a such that a/b x b/a = 1
x-intercept
x-coordinate of a point on a line that crosses the x-axis; when y = 0 (ex: (3,0))
y-intercept
y-coordinate of a point on a line that crosses the y-axis; when x = 0 (ex: (0,3))
unique
"only" or "single" in geometry, a triangle that can be drawn in only one way.
statistics
A branch of applied mathematics concerned with collecting, organizing, and interpreting data. [6.SP; 7.SP]
transformation
A change in the size, shape, or position of a figure. [6.RP.3d]
attribute
A characteristic of an object, such as color, shape, size, etc. [6.SP.5.b]
data
A collection of information gathered for a purpose. Data may be in the form of either words or numbers. [6.SP.1-5; 7.SP.2-7]
mile
A customary unit of length. 1 mile = 5,280 feet
foot (ft)
A customary unit of length. 1 foot = 12 inches.
yard (yd)
A customary unit of length. 1 yard = 3 feet or 36 inches.
ounce (oz)
A customary unit of weight equal to one sixteenth of a pound. 16 ounces = 1 pound
pound (lb)
A customary unit of weight. 1 pound = 16 ounces.
terminating decimal
A decimal that has a finite or limited number of digits following the decimal point.
proof
A demonstration of truth of a mathematical statement.
number line
A diagram that represents numbers as points on a line. [6.RP.3; 6.NS.6-7; 6.EE.8; 6.SP.4; 7.NS.1,1c]
coupon
A document offering a reduction in price on a specific item, such as a box of cereal.
decimal point
A dot (.) separating the whole number from the fraction in decimal notation
tape diagram
A drawing that looks like a segment of tape, used to illustrate number relationships. also known as a strip diagram, bar model, fraction strip, or length model. [6.RP.3]
scale drawing
A drawing that represents an object as an enlargement or reduction of the size of an actual object; the scale factor defines the amount of enlargement or reduction. [7.G.1]
plane
A flat surface that extends infinitely in all directions; a parallelogram is used to model this in two dimensions.
reflection
A flip of a flat figure across a line that creates a mirror image. [6.NS.6b]
scientific notation
A mathematical abbreviation using powers of ten for writing very large (34,200,000) or very small (0.0000029) numbers using powers of 10. It is written as the product of two factors in the form of a x 10^n where n is an integer and a = {1.. < 10]
milliliter (mL)
A metric unit of capacity (volume). 1,000 milliliters = 1 liter
centimeter
A metric unit of length equal to 0.01 of a meter
kilometer (km)
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 meters.
millimeter (mm)
A metric unit of length. 1,000 millimeters = 1 meter
kilogram (kg)
A metric unit of mass equal to 1000 grams.
area model
A model of multiplication that shows each place value product.
decimal notation
A number containing a decimal point
signed number
A number preceded by either a plus or minus sign. If a sign (+ or -) is not given, the plus sign is assumed. [7.NS.2a]
tessellation
A pattern of identical shapes that do not overlap or have any gaps.
income tax
A percent of earnings paid to federal, state, or local governments as a tax.
tax
A percentage of money paid to the government. [7.RP.3]
sales tax
A percentage of the cost of a purchase paid as a tax.
endpoint
A point at either end of a line segment, or a point at one end of a ray.
ordered pair
A point on the coordinate plane. It denotes the x-coordinate (position of a point along the horizontal axis) and y-coordinate (position of the point along the vertical axis) on a graph, written (x,y). [6.EE.9; 6.NS.6b]
quadrilateral
A polygon with 4 sides and 4 angles. [6.G.1; 7.G.6]
regular polygon
A polygon with all sides congruent and all angles congruent.
triangular prism
A prism composed of two triangular bases and three rectangular sides.
right prism
A prism on which the bases are directly above each other, making the lateral faces perpendicular to the bases. Named by their base triangular, rectangular... [6.G.2; 7.G.3,6]
Real-world Problem
A problem that is an application of a real-life situation involving mathematics. [6.RP.3; 6.NS.5,7b,c,8; 6.EE.2c,6-9, 6.G.1-4; 7.RP; 7.NS.1-3; 7.EE.4; 7.G.6]
multiple
A product of a given whole number and any other whole number.
triangular pyramid
A pyramid that has a triangle at its base, all the other sides are also triangles. The triangles taper to a vertex (or apex).
regular pyramid
A pyramid with a base that is a regular polygon.
parrallelogram
A quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
random sample
A sample that is formed by selecting individuals from the population at random. [7.SP.1,2,4]
arithmetic progression
A sequence of numbers where the difference between the consecutive terms is constant.
acute triangle
A triangle wit three acute angles.
measure of central tendency
A type of descriptive statistic that is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data. These measures include mean, median, and mode.
palindrome
A word, phrase, or sequence that reads the same backward or forward; for example, the words tot and race car are these.
bill
A written statement of how much money is owed for items purchased or services provided.
commission
An amount paid to an employee based on a percentage of the employee's sales. [7.RP.3]
included angle
An angle formed by two sides of a triangle.
right angle
An angle that measures exactly 90º.
obtuse angle
An angle with a measure greater than 90º but less than 180º.
acute angle
An angle with a measure less than 90 degrees
straight angle
An angle with a measure of 180º.
reasonableness
An answer that is based on good number sense.
algebra
An area of mathematics where letters represent unknown numbers.
percent equation
An equation showing the relationship between the whole and a part; this equation is written as: whole x percent = part.
linear equation
An equation that makes a straight line when it is graphed. Standard Form: Ax+By=C. Point-Slope Form: y-y1=m(x-x1). Slope-Intercept Form: y=mx+b. Proportional Form: y=kx.
event
Any outcome or group of outcomes from a probability experiment
Associative Property of Multiplication
Changing the grouping of three or more factors does not change the product for all Real numbers. [6.EE.3; 7.NS.2a,2c; 7.EE.1,3]
Commutative Property of Addition
Changing the order of the addends does not change the sum. [6.EE.3; 7.NS.1d; 7.EE.1]
bivariate measurement data
Data for two variables. [8.SP.1,3,4]
like denominators
Denominators in two or more fractions that are the same
unlike denominators
Denominators that are not equal.
compound events
Describes the probability resulting from two or more simple events. [7.SP.8,8a,b,c]
data displays / graphs
Different ways of displaying data in charts, tables, or graphs; including pictographs, single- or double- bar graphs, line graphs, line plots, or Venn diagrams. [6.SP.4]
random digits
Digits (0, 1, 2,...8, 9) arranged in a random order.
interval
Distance between two points; or amount of time between two events.
analyze
Examining parts to understand how the work together.
line symmetric figures
Figures that can be folded in half and its two parts match exactly
computation
Finding an answer by using mathematics or logic. [7.EE.3]
common denominator
For two or more fractions, a common denominator is a common multiple of the denominators
benchmark fractions
Fractions that are commonly used for estimation.
equivalent fractions
Fractions that have the same value
midpoint formula
Given two points, (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), the midpoint is an ordered pair given by M = ( (X2+X1)/2 , (Y2+Y1)/2 )
positive
Greater than 0. [6.NS.5,7c; 7.EE.3]
greater than
Greater than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is larger than the second number
congruent
Having exactly the same size and shape
two-dimensional
Having length and width. Having area, but not volume. Also called a plane figure.
infinite
Having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude; endless. [6.EE.8]
equal
Having the same value.
Identity Property of Addition
If you add zero to a number, the sum is the same as that number.
related facts
Related addition and subtraction facts or related multiplication and division facts. Also called fact family.
elevation
The height of an object above sea level. [6.NS.5]
corresponding parts
The sides and angles of similar figures that are in the same relative positions in the figures.
least common multiple (LCM)
The smallest multiple (other than zero) that two or more numbers have in common. [6.NS.4]
gram (g)
The standard unit of mass in the metric system. 1,000 grams = 1 kilogram.
slope
The steepness of a graph line; the ratio of the vertical change (the rise) to the horizontal change (the run).
y-axis
The vertical number line on the Cartesian Coordinate system.
whole numbers
Whole numbers are zero and the counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on. If a number has a negative sign, a decimal point, or a part that's a fraction, it is NOT a whole number. [6.NS.4; 6.G.2]
base (of a solid figure)
a flat surface of a solid figure by which the figure is measured or classified.
dot plot
a graphical device that summarizes data by the number of dots above each data value on the horizontal axis. [6.SP.4]
chord
a straight line connecting two points on a circle... can never be longer than the diameter
liabilities
amounts owed; debts
polynomial
an expression consisting of variables and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents.
diameter
any line segment through the center of a circle with endpoints on the circle
cardinal number
are numbers that say how many of something there are, such as one, two, three, four, five. Answers the question "How Many?"
cube
A box shaped solid having six congruent square faces. A 3 dimensional shape with 12 edges, 6 faces, and 8 vertices. [6.EE.2c; 6.G.2; 7.G.6]
composite figure
A figure made up of two or more figures.
2-dimensional figure
A flat shape that only has length and height, but not width or depth (2-D). [7.G.3; 8.G.2-4]
circumscribed
A geometric figure that is drawn around another geometric figure so as to touch all its vertices.
cluster
A grouping of a number of similar things. [8.SP.1]
algebraic expression
A mathematical phrase that contains one or more numbers, one or more variables, and one or more arithmetic operations; for example, 4a+7. [6.EE; 8.F.2]
adjacent angles
Angles that have a common side, but no common interior. [7.G.4]
Associative Property of Addition
Changing the grouping of three or more addends does not change the sum for all Real numbers. [6.EE.3; 7.NS.1d; 7EE.1]
Commutative Property of Multiplication
Changing the order of the factors does not change the product. [6.EE.3]
angle of elevation
The angle between the horizontal and the line of sight to an object above the horizontal.
area of a triangle
The measure of the interior surface of a triangle. The formula is A=1/2bh (base, height). [6.G.1,4; 7.G.6]
angle measure
The measure of the size of an angle. It tells how far one side is turned from the other side. A one degree angle turns through 1/360 of a full circle.
area
The measure, in square units, of the inside of a plane figure. [6.EE.2c, 6.G.1,4; 7.RP.1]