Midlife elder years Test 2 UGA

Glaucoma

A buildup of pressure within the eyeball is involved in which form of blindness that affects older adults?

Arthritis

Depressive symptoms can place the older adult at risk for developing which other diseases or conditions?

Elastic of Alveoli

Destruction of the ______________ is a consequence of emphysema.

Can be traced back to abnormal functions of the pancreas

Diabetes can be traced to the abnormal functioning of which bodily organ?

overuse of earphones

Experts worry that future generations of older adults will experience more age-related hearing loss due to which preventable behavior?

Lung Cancer

Exposure to the asbestos increases an individual's risk of developing _______ cancer.

depression is a natural consequence of growing hair

Found to contribute to major depressive disorder in older adults, which condition might be overlooked by psychologists conducting an assessment?

-Medication -Sodium hyaluronate injection -Exercise -Healthy diet

Health professionals treating older adults with osteoarthritis are most likely to recommend which of the following approaches as a long-term strategy, particularly for individuals with mild symptoms?

presbyopia

Middle-aged and older adults wear bifocals to correct for which age-related change in the eyes?

circadian rhythms

Older adults may be more alert in the morning, and younger adults in the evening, reflecting age differences in:

Alveoli

One of the primary causes of aging of the respiratory system involves changes in the air sacs known as the:

osteoporosis

One of the reasons that gerontologists are concerned about falls in older adults causing serious fractures is that bone loss is typically most likely to occur in the:

DHEA

The adrenopause observed in older adults reflects age-related changes in which hormone?

thyroid hormones

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is controlled by which set of hormones in the endocrine system?

- Obesity -Harmful alcohol use

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:

remaining neurons take over functions of dying neurons

The concept of plasticity in the nervous system refers to the fact that:

Alzheimer's Disease

The condition known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is used in cases involving:

COPD

The increased release of elastase stimulated by cigarette smoking is thought to be a cause of which disease?

16.6%

The lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder is estimated to be ____%.

Kidney

The nephron is the cell responsible for the efficiency of which organ in the body?

Beta Amyloid

The plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease are made up of which substance?

moderate to vigorous level of physical activities

The results of Dr. Emerson's study propose what physical activity recommendations for older adults?

growth hormone

The somatopause of aging involves changes in which hormones?

fear looking embarrassed

The symptoms of social anxiety disorder involve, specifically, which types of thoughts and feelings?

eat a diet that includes a balance among foods containing protein, complex carbohydrates, and fats

The text recommends that the best advice for an older adult trying to maintain his or her digestive functioning is to:

Strategies to increase physical activity among older adults include providing social support and beginning an activity programat a low intensity and gradually working up to a moderate intensity

What is one proposed strategy for increasing physical activity levels among older adults?

Hispanics live longer than caucasians and blacks

What is the Hispanic paradox?

36%

What is the approximate percent of adults 50 to 54 who use illicit drugs?

A doctor may be the only person they have t talk to and to feel less lonely.

What may be a reason as to why older adults who report loneliness are more likely to seek out medical assistance?

Mental health benefits

When mental health parity for Medicare was passed in 2008 by the U.S. Congress, this meant that older adults could receive which benefit?

Mexican American?

Within Dr. Emerson's study on physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk, which group of people were at highest risk for cardiovascular disease?

Fear of being trapped or stranded during a panic attack-- 20% had a panic attack so it led to them having agoraphobia

people who have the anxiety disorder known as agoraphobia fear what type of situation?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A 45-year-old man Is concerned because his 70-year-old mother seems unusually restless, tense, irritable, and prone to worrying. It is possible that his mother has developed which psychological disorder?

hair loss

A 55-year-old man has a common age-related condition known as androgenic alopecia. This means that he is experiencing:

COPD

A 65-year-old man smoked all his life and now has ________, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

The maturation hypothesis proposes that older adults show lower prevalence of immature and higher prevalence of mature personality disorders.

A 67-year-old former embezzler out on parole sees a court-ordered therapist each week. The therapist observes in her notes that he seems to be a good example of the maturation hypothesis. This means that the former convict shows which behavior?

OCD

A 67-year-old woman is constantly organizing and reorganizing her kitchen cabinets, wanting every cup, plate, glass, and utensil to be in exactly the "right" place. Her behavior causes her distress, and although she would like to stop, she can't help herself. This behavior would be:

Osteoarthritis: most common form in older adults

A 72-year-old woman has been told by her physician that, because she is obese, she is putting increased weight on her joints, thus increasing her risk of developing the musculoskeletal disease known as:

overweight: 25-29.9 ** Healthy range: 18.5>25 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obese: 30+

A BMI in the range of 25-29.9 places the individual in the category of:

Neurocognitive disorder??? (pg 109 +)

A mental health clinician is evaluating an older adult patient referred for neuropsychological testing. The clinician recognizes that small changes in cognitive functioning, occurring in stepwise manner, may most likely be due to which condition?

She is an older woman and woman are more prone to developing Osteoporosis.

A middle-aged man is worried that his 83-year-old mother may develop osteoporosis, a reasonable concern because she:

Immune senescence( from google, not text)

A natural shrinking with age of the thymus gland contributes to the process known as:

Low amounts of dairy and red meat

A true Mediterranean diet would include relatively little of which type of food?

flexibility training

An 80-year-old woman is suffering from limited range of motion due to degenerative changes in her knees, shoulders, and wrists. If you were her physical therapist, you might suggest that she offset these changes by engaging primarily in:

40%-50%

Around what percentage of the oldest old (those aged 80 years and older) report being lonely?

25

Based on prevalence data, older adults with bipolar disorder were most likely to have developed it by the time they reached the age of about:

-Activities of daily living (ADL): tasks of bathing, dressing, transferring, using the toilet, and eating -Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL): ability to use the telephone, go shopping, prepare meals, complete housekeeping tasks, do laundry, use private or public transportation, take medications, and handle finances

Because it focuses on the degree of independence an older adult is able to maintain, it is important to healthcare practitioners to measure instrumental activities of daily living. This measure includes which type of criteria?

neuronal fallout

Because neurons do not replace themselves when they die, proponents of the _________ ________ model believe that aging inevitably involves declines in brain structures and functions.

Collagen

Changes with age in the dermis layer of the skin are associated with age-related alterations in which protein, also found in connective tissue throughout the body?

-COPD cause not officially known, most agree toxins from cigarette smoking -Cigarette smoking triggers the over production of enzyme elastase

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is almost always caused by:

other disorders that look like Alzheimer's may be reversible if treated early on

Clinicians seek to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other neurocognitive disorders as soon as possible in their patients primarily because:

Causes twisting of microtubules in the neurons within the brain

In Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles cause what changes to occur within the brain?

_Parkinson's_

In ____________ disease, the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning, including having tremors, shuffling gait, and difficulties maintaining balance.

Breast self-examination and mammograms for women, prostate examinations for men, and colon cancer screenings for both men and women

In general, guidelines for receiving cancer screening recommend that patients undergo systematic tests:

Congestive Heart Failure

In the disease known as ______________, the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach the major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.

Hoarding

In the disorder known as _________, individuals continually collect objects that they don't need, are unable to throw out those objects, and may clutter up their homes to the point of being almost unlivable.

drowsiness

Melatonin supplements, occasionally used by older adults to offset changes with age, may have unwanted effects such as:

-Criteria for the Metabolic Syndrome (three of these criteria must be present for the person to be considered to have metabolic syndrome): -Risk Factor & Defining levels -Abdominal obesity -Men: >40 in -Women: >35 in -Triglycerides: >=150 mg /dL -HDL cholesterol (the good kind) -Men: <40 mg/dL -Women: <50 mg/dL -Blood pressure -Systolic BP> 130 -Diastolic >85 Hg mercury -Fasting glucose: >100 mg/dL

Metabolic syndrome, a condition that places an individual at risk for heart disease and diabetes, involves which of the following criteria for women?

presbyopia

Normal age-related changes in the lens of the eye results in which condition that afflicts all older adults?

Arteries

Normal changes in the ___________of the heart seem to play a central role in the aging of the cardiovascular system.

Aerobic capacity

Normal changes in the cardiovascular system with age in adulthood are reflected in a lowering of which measure?

two most common: heights and animals

Of all forms of specific phobia, which of the following is most prevalent in the adult population?

Anxiety

Of the following, which category of disorders has the highest lifetime prevalence?

--Early Stage: Forgetting familiar words, losing everyday objects, trouble remembering names, greater difficulty performing tasks, forgetting material just read, increasing trouble with planning / organizing --Middle Stage: Forgetfulness of personal history, Confusion about place or time, Need for help with bathing, toileting, dressing or changes in sleep patterns, Increased risk of wandering, and Personality and behavioral changes --Late Stage: Loss of awareness of recent experiences and surrounding, and changes in physical abilities (walking, sitting, swallowing)

Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimer's disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?

-It is just medical (physical) and not psychological?? Notes: -Older adults may not be correctly diagnosed for major depressive disorder. ▪ Healthcare less likely to pay for psychological diagnoses Healthcare professionals may not be trained in diagnosis of older adults ▪ Medical (physical symptoms) and psychological symptoms may co-occur

Psychologists may fail to recognize the symptoms of major depressive disorder in an older adult because they mistakenly assume that:

Stress generation?

Researchers studying borderline personality disorder tendencies in older adults found those high in neuroticism to be more likely to show ______________ in which they create more problems in their lives

Loneliness

Results from Dr. Emerson suggested that loneliness that was reported ____________ was significantly associated with increased number of doctor visits

muscles

Sarcopenia is associated with age-related changes in the?

Physical Pain

Symptoms of depression in persons over the age of 65 are more likely to take which form compared to symptoms shown in younger adults?

-Stroke rates are elevated for the stroke belt-- particularly high for Blacks -Includes the 8-12 states in the southeastern US that represent the population most likely to experience all four risk factors of heart disease: tobacco smoking, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, high intake of alcohol

The "stroke" belt received its name because people living in this region tend to:

If one hemisphere experiences deficits the other will take over

The HAROLD model of plasticity and brain aging proposes that older adults show which pattern when completing cognitive tasks compared to younger adults?

-**Arthritis (Highest percentage of Chronic Conditions to least) -Arthritis -Heart Disease -Cancer -Coronary Heart Disease -Diabetes -Heart Attack -Stroke

The training of health professionals to work with the older population should, based on trends in chronic disease prevalence, involve knowledge about coping with which type of illness?

a sudden onset direct following a stroke whereas alzheimer's is a more progressive , overtime disease.??

Unlike memory loss caused by Alzheimer's disease, the symptoms of vascular dementia may be:

All medical illnesses INCLUDING Psychological diseases.

Unlike the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), the International Classification of Diseases makes possible diagnosis of which conditions?

Alzheimer's Disease

Which disorder is thought to be caused in part by malfunction of the APP gene?

-Women are at higher risk than men (lower bone mass in general) -Being underweight or having smaller bone structure increases risk

Which group in the population is at particularly high risk for developing osteoporosis?

acetylcholine

Which neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in the memory loss of Alzheimer's disease?

reading small print in the dark

Which of the following is a documented risk factor for developing cataracts?

People who were lonely were more likely to be female, not married, and to have more health problems.

Within Dr. Emerson's study on loneliness, who in the sample was more likely to report being lonely?

Thickening and hardening of arteries

You're the health care professional treating a 72-year-old woman who you determine suffers from arteriosclerosis. In explaining this condition to her, you inform her that this condition specifically is defined as involving:

the moderate or middle stage

he family of an 83-year-old woman is distressed to learn that her recent development of the inability to get herself dressed, along with other memory problems, suggests that she is in which stage of Alzheimer's disease?

complete physical, mental and social well-being

the World Health Organization as having which qualities?