Midterm #1 (Lecture 1)

Impact

A measure of the ultimate loss and harm of an incident

Safety

strategy for accident prevention

Societal Risk

A group of people exposed to one or more hazards. Hazard and group must be carefully defined.

Risk

A measure of human injury, environmental damage, or economic loss in terms of both the incident likelihood and the magnitude of the loss or injury. A function of two important things: 1. Probability 2. Consequence

Consequence

A measure of the expected effects of a specific incident outcome

Likelihood

A measure of the expected probability or frequency of occurrence of an event. For chemical plants, the frequency is most commonly used.

Hazard

An inherent chemical or physical characteristic that has the potential for causing damage to people, property, or the environment. Hazards are typically always present.

Accident

An unplanned event or sequence of events that results in an undesirable consequence

Driving a car, Riding a motorcycle, Mountain climbing, Skiing

Describe some involuntary risks

Living in the vicinity of a chemical plant, Visiting a mall. Buying coffee in Starbucks

Describe some involuntary risks

Individual Risk

One person exposed to one or more hazards. Usually location dependent

Voluntary Risk

Risk that is consciously tolerated by someone seeking to obtain the benefits of the activity that poses the risk

Involuntary Risk

Risk that is imposed on someone who does not directly benefit from the activity that poses the risk

Incident

The basic description of an event or series of events, resulting in one or more undesirable consequences, such as harm to people, damage to the environment, or asset / business losses. For chemical plants, this includes fires / explosions and releases of toxic or harmful substances.

Lagging Indicators

These are safety indicators that are based on the accidents that occurred Examples include first aid incidents, loss of primary containment (LOPC) incidents, property damage, injury, and fatality

Leading Indicators

These are safety indicators that can anticipate a safety incident Examples include overdue training, updates to operating procedures, work order backlog

Management systems

This part of the hierarchy of safety programs is described as "Job Safety Assessment (JSA), lock-out / tag-out, etc."

No safety program

This part of the hierarchy of safety programs is described as "having no safety measures and even a disdain for safety"

Reacting

This part of the hierarchy of safety programs is described as "responding to accidents as they occur"

Adapting

This part of the hierarchy of safety programs is described as "safety is a core value of the organization and a primary driver for successful enterprise"

Complying

This part of the hierarchy of safety programs is described as "the rules and regulations"

Performance monitoring

This part of the hierarchy of safety programs is described as "using statistics to drive continuous improvement"

Personal safety - prevention of high frequency, low consequence events Process Safety - prevention of high consequence, low frequency events

What is the difference between process and personal safety?

Adapting Performance Management Systems Complying Reacting No safety program

What is the hierarchy of safety programs?

lagging

What type of indicator are accident statistics?

Lagging metrics

data collected after an incident has occurred

Leading metrics

data collected before an incident has occurred