MIDTERM 2 QUIZ
Ch. 10. What is the difference between a one-way tabulation and a cross-tabulation?
-One-way tabulation shows responses for a single variable: the number of respondents who answer each question on a questionnaire -Cross-tabulation simultaneously compares two or more variables in the study: indicates the number of respondents who have responded to two or more questions
Ch. 7. What type of a scale asks respondents to state their agreement or disagreement with a series of statements by using a scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree? A. Likert scale B. Semantic differential scale C. Paired-comparison scale D. Constant sum scale E. Numerical scale
A. Likert scale
Ch. 8. While filling out a survey, a respondent comes across a question that asks for annual income. There are five answer options and each option includes a range (e.g., $20,000 to $40,000; 40,000-60,000). What is this question format called? A. Structured question B. Unstructured question C. Restricted options question D. Unrestricted response question E. Categorical question
A. Structured question
Ch. 10. A researcher decides to assign a value of 1 if the respondent is male and a value of 2 if the respondent is a female. By assigning numbers to different genders, the researcher is engaged in the process of: A. coding. B. editing. C. validation. D. data summarization. E. data tabulation.
A. coding.
Ch. 10. In the Data View, each row represents: A. each respondent B. each question C. each variable D. each analysis E. none of the above
A. each respondent
Ch. 7. What type of scale structure is being used in a question that asks the respondent to check either Male or Female? A. Ordinal B. Nominal C. Ratio D. Interval E. Behavioral Intention
B. Nominal
Ch. 6. Which one of the following is a nonprobability sampling method? A. Simple random sampling B. Cluster sampling C. Snowball sampling D. Systematic random sampling E. Stratified random sampling
C. Snowball sampling
Ch. 6. A researcher divides all the current students listed into 4 groups based on their class level (freshmen, sophomores, juniors, seniors). Then, she draws a sample of 10 students from each of these groups (40 in total) to create a representative sample of the entire student body in the School. The researcher is practicing which of the following sampling methods? A. Simple random sampling B. Systematic random sampling C. Stratified random sampling D. Cluster sampling E. Snowball sampling
C. Stratified random sampling
Ch. 8. On a survey, a student comes across a question that asks, "To what extent did you find marketing and accounting courses useful?" This question is (most closely) an example of a(n): A. incomprehensible question. B. unanswerable question. C. leading question. D. loaded question. E. double-barreled question.
E. double-barreled question.
Ch. 6. Sampling errors are caused by measurement error, response errors, or coding errors; whereas nonsampling errors relate to mistakes in either drawing a sample or determining the sample size. True False
False
Ch. 6. What is the difference between probability and nonprobability sampling? Explain one of the four probability sampling methods. Explain one of the four nonprobability sampling methods.
Forms of Probability Sampling: a) Simple random sampling : every unit has an equal "nonzero" chance of being selected from the target population. b) Systematic random sampling: the defined target population is ordered and the sample is selected according to position using a skip interval. c) Stratified random sampling: population is divided into different subgroups and sample units are selected from each subgroup. d) Cluster sampling: population is divided into different subgroups called clusters and one group is chosen, then simple random is used to select sampling units out of this one group only. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Nonprobability Sampling Methods: a) Convenience sampling -convenience and access. b) Judgment sampling-belief that participants fit characteristics. c) Quota sampling-representation of specific characteristics. d) Snowball sampling -referrals of others with like characteristics.
Ch. 7. Explain the "semantic differential scales." Give an example and state the risks of using these scales. It is a bipolar scale format that captures a respondent's attitudes or feelings. It uses bipolar adjectives as endpoints. Example: Unreliable / Reliable or Bad / Good The two ends of the scale should be true bipolar ends. Respondents may not always truly understand the magnitude of the answers between the two endpoints.
It is a bipolar scale format that captures a respondent's attitudes or feelings. It uses bipolar adjectives as endpoints. Example: Unreliable / Reliable or Bad / Good The two ends of the scale should be true bipolar ends. Respondents may not always truly understand the magnitude of the answers between the two endpoints.
Ch. 10. "Data validation" is the process of determining whether the interviews, surveys or observations were correctly conducted and are free of fraud or bias. True False
True
Ch. 6. A defined target population consists of the complete set of elements that are identified for investigation based on the objectives of the research project. True False
True
Ch. 7. A scale has four response options such as "Strongly agree," "Somewhat agree," "Somewhat disagree," "Strongly disagree." This scale is more likely to be a forced-choice scale. True False
True
Ch. 8. One should avoid asking questions using a different measurement format in the same section of the questionnaire. True False
True
Ch. 8. Explain two of the additional documents (other than the survey itself) that may be used in collecting primary data. 1) Cover letter 2) Supervisor instructions 3) Interviewer instructions 4) Screening forms 5) Quota sheets 6) Call record sheets
i.Cover Letters: -The primary role: obtain the respondent's cooperation and willingness to participate in the project, +Initial Contacting Device +Encourage Participation +Provide Study Information +Communicate Study's Legitimacy +Improve Response Rates ii.Supervisor instructions: +Blueprint for training people (standardized) +Outlines the process of conducting a personal or telephone interviews +Nature of the study, location, number of interviews required, equipment requirements iii. Interviewer instructions: +Show interviewers how to select a respondent and how to conduct the actual interview +Guidelines for asking questions, use of rating cards, recording responses iv. Screening forms: +Aim: To ensure that respondents are representative of the target population and to confirm eligibility +e.g. occupation v. Quota sheets: +Aim: To ensure that subgroups are represented in the sample as specified +Once a quota is reached, others will be excluded vi. Call Record Sheet: +Record the number of attempts to contact a respondent, length of interview, reasons to terminate