Midterm #3 practice questions 106
Choose ALL the answers that are examples of adaptation
-Building sea walls -Improving public health infrastructure -Carbon capture and storage -Changing agricultural practices -Introducing a carbon tax
In which way(s) will global warming affect air temperature?
-Decrease the difference in temperature between the equator and the poles -Decrease the difference in temperature between winter and summer -Decrease the difference in temperature between day and night
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding policy choices related to cap-and-trade systems?
-Governments must regulate the price at which emitters but and sell permits -(meaning they cannot do this)
How could agriculture adapt to a warmer world?
-Grow different crops -Breed drought resistant varieties -Increase irrigation
Which of the following extreme events become more frequent in a warmer future? Choose all that are correct
-Heat waves -Floods -Droughts
Which would decrease our energy intensity?
-Higher mileage cars -More efficient lighting -Better insulation (all of the above)
How should we solve the Tragedy of the Commons problem for grazing?
-Regulate # of animals each herder can have -Divide commons into private property and give each herder their own piece -Assess each herder a tax per animal and use the money to maintain the commons -Determine the carrying capacity of the commons and sell the grazing rights for exactly that number of animals
Examples of mitigation
-Switching from coal energy to wind, nuclear, or solar -Increasing the energy efficiency of cars and appliances -Introducing "polluter pays" regulations
A good rule of thumb for changes in precipitation is:
-Wet places get wetter -dry places get dryer
What do we mean by the phrase "novel climate"?
A climate that a region has never experienced before
If we inject sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere, how long do they stay up there?
A couple years
Which best describes an emission scenario?
A time series of future CO2 emissions based on population, wealth, and technology
How did the drought affect me here in Buffalo?
About half of USA's fruit and vegetables come from California, so I paid more $ due to shortages
Which is the best description of what we mean by "climate change mitigation"?
Actions and policies that prevent global warming from happening
an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure". Adaptation is __ and mitigation is __
Adaptation-cure Mitigation- prevention
Which is NOT something that makes a heatwave more dangerous?
Big swings from hot days to cold nights
Switching to renewable energy sources affects which part of an emissions scenario?
Carbon Intensity
Increased likelihood of both floods and droughts in the same place is...
Definitely possible
What is most dangerous in a heat wave?
Duration without cooling down
A switch from incandescent light bulbs to LED bulbs affects which of the following:
Energy intensity
True or False: our energy system is likely to convert to carbon-free energy without new government policies.
False
Which geoengineering strategy is a type of carbon dioxide management (CDM)?
Fertilizing the ocean
Which is the best description of global warming's relationship to heat waves?
Global warming makes heat waves more frequent and more intense
A coastal city that's built on land that's subsiding will experience...
Greater than average sea level rise
Which is NOT an example of mitigation?
Improving public health capacities
Which is NOT an example of adaptation?
Improving vehicle gas mileage
Which is NOT a cause of sea level rise?
Increased rainfall
Which is an example of solar radiation management?
Increasing the albedo of Earth
What is one of the disadvantages that Dessler points out about the command-and-control approach to carbon emissions?
Ir provides no incentive to reduce emissions below a given target
Which geoengineering strategy is an example of solar radiation management (SRM)?
Making clouds brighter
Which is NOT an example of climate change mitigation?
Making the Earth more reflective
Consider Figure 8.6. After decreasing carbon emissions to zero, how long does it take for global temperatures to return to the temperature of the year 2000?
More than a 1000 years
My tomato plants were still producing tomatoes in October. Is this evidence of climate change?
No, but if your tomato plants were growing for longer every year then it would be
Did global warming cause the 2003 and 2010 heat waves?
No, but it increased the likelihood and intensity of the heat waves
What do we mean by "nuisance flooding?"
Normal high tides flooding coastal cities
Which is NOT a cause of sea level rise??
Ocean acidification
Which of the following does Dessler classify as a carbon offset?
Planting a forest that would not otherwise exist
Which emissions scenario assumes humanity makes no effort to reduce its emissions?
RCP 8.5
Which scenario represents "business as usual", i.e. no attempts to prevent climate change?
RCP 8.5
Rising air rains because...
Rising air cools and can't hold as much water
When predicting future temperature, which is a greater source of uncertainty?
Societal choices (people are unpredictable)
Improving car mileage and increasing solar energy are both examples of ways to change which part of the IPAT equation?
Technology
How will sea level rise affect Buffalo?
Through commerce and trade
True or false: relying entirely on climate change adaptation is widely seen as morally problematic because poorer people will tend to suffer more, despite being relatively less responsible for causing climate change.
True
Lots of different climate models exist; what's the most accurate way to make predictions?
Use the average of the models
Which of the following is NOT a market-based policy solution?
Voluntary reductions
Increased heavy rain in the future will lead to more flooding. Why will there be more heavy rain?
Warmer air carries more water
Why will extreme rainfall become more intense in a warmer world?
Warmer air holds more water
Generally speaking, the precipitation forecast in a warmer future is that...
Wet places get wetter, dry places get drier
Why does wind energy still create CO2?
You have to build and maintain the turbines
Which energy source has the highest carbon intensity?
coal
Which is warming faster?
nights
Could a First Assessment Report model simulate the ocean conveyor belt?
no
Has orbital changes, total melting of methane clathrates, and continental drift made a big difference for the last 100 years?
no
Which of the following energy sources has the lowest carbon intensity?
nuclear
The Pentagon (the U.S. Department of Defense) considers climate change a national security risk
true
living with climate change is ___
adaptation
If everything else remains the same and population doubles, then carbon emissions wil (I=PAT):
double
Because consumers making voluntary decisions to reduce emissions is not likely to be a big enough effect to prevent global warming, it will not be a part of our societal response to global warming.
false
Increased extreme rainfall is a cause of rising sea level (true or false)
false
True or false: it is unlikely there will be significant side effects to geoengineering
false
If everyone in Africa were as were as wealthy as Americans (I=PAT) emissions would:
increase
How has the IPCC's certainty regarding climate change evolved through time?
it has become more certain
What region will warm the most?
land
Preventing climate change is __
mitigation
