Midterm Answers

Which of the following describes the logic AND used in calculating netmasks?

1 & 1 = 1 1 & 0 = 0 0 & 1 = 0 0 & 0 = 0

How many primary classes did the original classful IP addressing scheme divide IPv4 into?

3

How does a client identify a server on the Internet? A. Internet Protocol address B. Protocol port number

A - 1. Computer B - 2. Service

Match the following A. Broadcast Address B. Multicast Address C. Unicast Address

A - 1. FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF A - 2. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 A - 3. All computers get a copy of the packet C - 4. One computer gets a copy of the packet C - 5. 00-50-56-C0-00-08 B - 6. 01:00:5E:C0:00:08 B - 7. Some computers get a copy of the packet

Match the Layer with its description in the TCP/IP Model A. Layer 1 B. Layer 2 C. None D. Layer 3 E. Layer 4 F. Layer 5

A - 1. Physical B - 2. Network Interface (MAC) D - 3. Internet (IP) E - 4. Transport (TCP) C - 5. Session C - 6. Presentation F - 7. Application

Match the term to its place in a Uniform Resource Locator. vvv://www:xxx/yyy?zzz A. yyy B. xxx C. www D. zzz E. vvv

A - 1. document name C - 2. computer name E - 3. protocol B - 4. port D - 5. parameters

What is the minimum number of routers that can be used to connect 4 networks?

A. 1

Which IP addresses are properly formatted in dotted decimal notation?

A. 10.9.8.7 D. 172.16.45.222 F. 255.255.255.255

The TCP/IP protocol suite that is widely used today corresponds to a model that contains how many layers?

A. 5

Which of the following is an IPv6 address in proper notation

A. ABCD::4 B. FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 C. 2607:f8b0:4004:806::1013 D. FE80:0:0:0:02AA:00FF:FE9A:4CA2

Which of the following could be a host? (look up the product if you are unsure of the features)

A. Apple iPhone 6 Plus B. Sonos PLAY:5 Speakers C. GE Profile™ Series 30" Built-In Double Convection Wall Oven with Brillion Technology (look this one up!!) D. Dell Optiplex 9020 MiniTower E. Samsung UHD 4K HU8550 Series Smart TV H. Titan Supercomputer in Oak Ridge National Laboratory I. Jawbone Era Bluetooth Headset

In 1980, the Internet was a research project that involved:

A. Less than 100 sites

Which of the following incompatibilities prevent two networks from simply being directly connected (bridged)?

A. Network Hardware (Layer 1) B. Frames (Layer 2) C. Addresses (Layer 3)

What are the three parts of an IPv6 address?

A. Subnet C. Global Prefix D. Interface

Which of the following statements describe a connection-oriented interaction?

A. The pair uses the connection to exchange data C. A pair of applications requests a connection

In the 1970s, the Internet was:

A. a concept B. a revolution in computer networking C. a set of standards D. proposed by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn

HTML can be defined as:

A. a markup language B. declarative C. a representation standard

IP Addresses are: (select all that apply)

A. abstract B. uniform C. independent from MAC addresses D. unique

Multimedia is Data that contains a combination of ?

A. audio B. video D. text E. graphics

A browser can significantly reduce download time by saving images in a _____ .

A. cache

As the Internet experienced exponential growth over the past 25 years, it changed in the following ways:

A. focus on new applications B. increase in communication speeds

The MIME standard encodes non-text attachments as _______

A. printable letters

Recent trends in computer networks and the Internet include:

A. traditional communications systems adopting Internet technology B. high-quality teleconferencing C. cloud computing D. social networking applications E. sensor networks

As data passes down through the protocol layers on the sending computer, headers are:

Added

Match the following special IPv4 addresses A. 255.255.255.255 B. 192.168.0.255 C. 127.0.0.1 D. 192.168.0.0 E. 0.0.0.0

B - 1. Directed Broadcast Address A - 2. Limited Broadcast address C - 3. Loopback Address D - 4. network address E - 5. This computer

A server can be defined as:

B. A program that waits passively for communication C. A computer that has fast CPU, large memory, and powerful operating system D. A computer dedicated to running one or more server programs

The Advanced Research Projects Agency, an agency of the US. Department of Defense, gathered researchers and contractors together to produce a working data network known as ? .

B. ARPANET

Which of the following is a property of the circuit switched paradigm?

B. a single communication is not affected by others C. circuits are not permanent but created when needed and removed when communication ends D. Endpoint-to-endpoint communication

What handles initiating contact with and accepting contact from a remote computer?

B. application programs

In a three-tier client/server architecture, the following types of machines are found:

B. backend server D. client/user machine F. middle-tier/gateway server

An IP address is a ______ number assigned to a host and used for all communication with the host.

B. binary

In the original architecture of Internet email service, what component acted as both a client and server?

B. mail transfer application

An FTP client allocates a random ______ before sending a request to the server on a known _____. (same word for both answers)

B. port

The amount of work done on a client vs. a server varies across server software. In which model is application processing, graphic rendering and storage all offloaded from the server to the client?

B. thick client

Match the term with it's definition: A. Packet switching B. Curcuit Switching C. Packets

C - 1. Small blocks of data A - 2. The basis of the Internet B - 3. Uses Frequency Division Multiplexing A - 4. Uses Statistical Multiplexing B - 5. Uses Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing C - 6. Varied in size depending on the technology but commonly 1500 Bytes. B - 7. Can communicate with only one recipient A - 8. Can communicate with one or many recipients A - 9. Lower in cost due to the ability to share a single path

Match each part of the domain name below. xxx.yyy.zzz A. top-level domain B. group or organization C. individual computer

C - 1. xxx B - 2. yyy A - 3. zzz

Your computer has been configured in the following way: 172.16.128.67 mask 255.255.255.192 How would you represent the network you are on in CIDR notation?

C. 172.16.128.64/26

What does DNS stand for?

C. Domain Name System

The World Wide Web is:

C. One of many services in use on the Internet

If a ______ architecture is implemented in server code, data is distributed equally among a set of N servers.

C. peer-to-peer

What is/are the basic component(s) used for interconnecting heterogeneous networks?

C. router

A communication mechanism with a dedicated path between two endpoints with guaranteed isolation is called _________ _____________

Circuit Switching

Consider the classful addressing scheme: In the following Class C IP address (written in binary for your benefit) each part has a name. What are they? IP address: 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001 1100----.--------.--------.-------- ----0000.10101000.00000000.-------- --------.--------.-------.00000001

Class Identifier Prefix Suffix

Match the following terms and descriptions A. MAC address B. NIC C. N/A D. OUI

D - 1. Organizationally Unique Identifier D - 2. First 24-bits of a MAC address B - 3. Network Interface Card A - 4. Ethernet Address A - 5. Media Access Control address B - 6. Network Interface Controller A - 7. 90:B1:1C:9B:3A:CC A - 8. 48-bit unique address C - 9. unicast C - 10. multicast

The primary example of communications software that enables clients and servers to interoperate is:

D. TCP/IP

An email program using SMTP requests a mail exchange (MX) record from the DNS database. A MAC address is returned in response.

False

Because the Internet tolerates heterogeneity, engineers can't experiment with new networking technologies without disrupting existing networks.

False

Changing IPv4 to IPv6 is easy as it only requires a change to one part of the Internet.

False

Computer networking is easy for a beginner because there is a single underlying theory that explains the relationship among all parts.

False

Early communications networks such as the telegraph and telephone systems use packets to send information.

False

In the real world, a p2p system enables extremely large traffic to one computer because N can be extremely small.

False

Internet protocol software shows the detailed information of the physical network connection such as the IP address, MAC address, DNS server, default router, and the route a packet takes.

False

No computer can run a web server unless the computer's domain name starts with www.

False

The best way to form large networks is to simply interconnect the wires from one to another.

False

The largest part of a frame is (usually) the header

False

The name resolution process involves a resolver that forms a DNS reply message and waits for a DNS request message.

False

The primary motivation for early computer networks was email due to computers being large and expensive.

False

There is only one internet, THE Internet.

False

Unicasting still uses Class D addresses for delivery to a set or group of computers on the same network.

False

When a request arrives at a server, software on the server uses the IP address to determine which application on the server computer should handle the request.

False

Each frame consists of two parts: The _______ and the _________

Header Payload

_____ uses 32-bit addresses and ____ uses 128-bit addresses.

IPv4 IPv6

Complete the following categories of Packet Switched Networks: LAN: ______ Area Network MAN: _________ Area Network WAN: ______ Area Network

Local Metropolitan Wide

A client can access multiple services but typically contacts only one remote server at a time.

True

A pair of protocols in adjacent layers pass a pointer to the packet rather than create a new copy.

True

A router must have multiple IP addresses to "route" packets from one network to another.

True

A server can act as a client.

True

Boiling it down to its core definition, server software consists of a program dedicated to providing a service.

True

FTP handles both uploading and downloading of any type of data.

True

For communication to be successful across networks, all entities must agree on how information will be represented and communicated.

True

If only one server provides a given service, the network connection that connects the server to the Internet can become a bottleneck.

True

In a frame, the payload is transmitted second.

True

In an IPv6 address, the interface address/suffix is always constant and of length 64bits.

True

In terms of the client-server model, a browser is a client that extracts a server name from a URL and contacts the server.

True

In the client-server paradigm, the server software waits passively for contact, while the client software actively initiates contact.

True

In the thin client model, the server handles more of the work relative to the thick client model.

True

Multiple protocols designed to work together in a complete, cooperative set are called a suite.

True

On a single network, two computers cannot have the same IP address.

True

Packet switching is the basis for the modern Internet.

True

Protocol implementations follow the layering model by passing the output from a protocol in one layer to the input of a protocol in the next layer.

True

Protocols in a suite are furthermore collected into a unified whole known as a layering model.

True

The best example of a circuit switched network is the analog telephone system, also known and the "Public Switched Telephone Network" or "PSTN"

True

The term protocol refers to a specification for network communications.

True

Using multiple routers improves reliability and avoids a single point of failure by sending traffic along an alternate path if a link fails.

True

Can a computer operate multiple clients and even multiple copies of a single application?

Yes

Can a computer run multiple server programs?

Yes

Can consolidating multiple server programs on a single computer reduce cost without significantly reducing performance?

Yes