Midterm Study

A loop structure does not contain a decision point. True False

False

A method cannot be used more than once within a program or in other programs. True False

False

A named constant can be assigned a value multiple times. True False

False

An adjective would be a good choice of identifier for a variable that holds status. True False

False

An error commonly made by beginning programmers is to forget that array subscripts start with the integer 1. True False

False

Computers deal with two basic types of data - text and string. True False

False

For greatest program efficiency when using the AND operator, first ask the question that is more likely to be true. True False

False

In a flowchart, processing symbols are represented by parallelograms. True False

False

In echoing input, the program tells the user the desired form of the input data. True False

False

In every object-oriented programming language, the variables and constants declared in any method are usable anywhere within the program. True False

False

Logical errors are sometimes referred to as structural errors. True False

False

Overloading a method is a good idea because it eliminates some programming work compared to writing separate methods. True False

False

The body of a loop can contain only a limited number of statements. True False

False

The more the statements contribute to the same job, the less the functional cohesion of the method. True False

False

The selection structure can be called an if-then structure. True False

False

Usually, a comparison operator is used to compare values of different data types. True False

False

When writing pseudocode, you need to be careful about syntax. True False

False

You can ask every programming question by using one of only four types of comparison operators in a Boolean expression. True False

False

You can use a while loop to execute a body of statements continuously as long as some condition continues to be false. True False

False

A literal numeric constant does not change. True False

True

A loop control variable's value is tested to control the loop's execution. True False

True

A noun would be a good choice for a variable or constant identifier. True False

True

A while loop can be used to code both definite and indefinite loops. True False

True

An argument can be passed into a method in two ways: by value and by reference. True False

True

An item's data type defines what operations can be performed on the item. True False

True

As with a while loop, when you use a for loop, you must be careful to stay within array bounds, remembering that the highest usable array subscript is one less than the size of the array. True False

True

Computer circuitry consists of two-state on/off switches, often represented by 1 or 0. True False

True

Computer instructions are written in a computer programming language such as Visual Basic, C#, C++, or Java. True False

True

Each variable within an array has the same name and the same data type. True False

True

If you store important papers in a series of file folders and label each folder with a consecutive letter of the alphabet, then you are using the equivalent of an array. True False

True

If you use the wrong comparison with the loop control variable, the body of the loop may never execute. True False

True

In a flowchart, you draw the main() method and every other method separately with its own sentinel symbols. True False

True

In all structured loops, the loop-controlling question provides the only entry to, or exit from, the repeating structure. True False

True

Language translation software for a computer is called a compiler or interpreter. True False

True

Leaving a loop as soon as a match is found improves the program's efficiency. True False

True

Most programming languages support a NOT operator, which reverses the meaning of a Boolean expression. True False

True

Parallel arrays are two arrays such that each element in one array is associated with the element in the same relative position in the other array. True False

True

The assignment operator is said to have right-to-left associativity. True False

True

The three parts of a method are the method's header, the method's body, and the method's return statement. True False

True

There is no benefit to changing a variable's value when it will never be used again during the current execution. True False

True

When using the OR operator, an action is taken when at least one of the comparisons evaluates to true. True False

True

Writing a program includes planning the logic, coding the program, translating the program into machine language, and testing the program. True False

True

You should avoid overloading a method with the same argument data types because this will create an ambiguous method that will not compile. True False

True

he values stored in arrays should be constants. True False

True

The safest and clearest course of action is to assign the value ____ to accumulators before using them. a. 0 b. 1 c. null d. blank

a. 0

People have been writing modern computer programs since the ____. a. 1940s b. 1950s c. 1960s d. 1970s

a. 1940

When you use one or more ____ operators to combine two or more Boolean expressions, each Boolean expression must be true for the entire expression to be evaluated as true. a. AND b. OR c. NOT d. EQUALS

a. AND

____ a data item means you override incorrect data by setting the variable to a specific value. a. Forcing b. Incrementing c. Initializing d. Terminating

a. Forcing

____ variables and constants are those that are known to an entire class. a. Global b. Local c. Universal d. Comprehensive

a. Global

Computer circuitry consists of two-state on/off switches, often represented by 1 or 0. a. True b. False

a. True

Depending on the syntax rules of the programming language you use, you place the subscript within parentheses or square brackets following the group name. a. True b. False

a. True

Each variable within an array has the same name and the same data type. a. True b. False

a. True

Loops are frequently used to validate data. a. True b. False

a. True

When you overload a method, you run the risk of creating ____ methods-a situation in which the compiler cannot determine which method to use. a. ambiguous b. uncertain c. vague d. unclear

a. ambiguous

The decision that controls every loop is always based on a ____ comparison. a. Boolean b. logical c. standard d. regular

a. boolean

A structure that includes separate actions when an expression is true and when it is false is called a(n) ____ structure. a. dual-alternative selection b. diverging selection c. single-alternative selection d. null-alternative selection

a. dual-alternative selection

Each separate array variable is one ____ of an array. a. element b. block c. factor d. aspect

a. element

Every array has a(n) ____ size. a. finite b. infinite c. indefinite d. large

a. finite

What is one item that must be included in a method's header if it can receive a parameter? a. local parameter name b. global parameter name c. parameter's client d. return data structure

a. local parameter name

Using an array is never ____. a. mandatory b. optional c. a good idea d. easy to understand

a. mandatory

Whenever you require ____ storage locations for objects, you are using a real-life counterpart of a programming array. a. multiple b. fixed c. stacked d. expandable

a. multiple

Most languages provide a built-in way to check whether entered data is ____. a. numeric b. garbage c. alphanumeric d. correct

a. numeric

In most programming languages, you are allowed to include multiple ____ statements in a method. a. return b. end c. back d. depart

a. return

The ____ type for a method can be any type, which includes numeric, character, and string, as well as other more specific types that exist in the programming language you are using. a. return b. data c. case d. variable

a. return

You control a loop's repetitions by using either a counter or a(n) ____ value. a. sentinel b. standard c. end d. constant

a. sentinel

In C++ and C#, which type of punctuation is used to hold the array's subscript following the group name? a. square brackets b. asterisks c. parenthesis d. quotes

a. square brackets

A(n) ____ is a number you use to increase a loop control variable on each pass through a loop. a. step value b. control value c. increment value d. step variable

a. step value

Users enter incorrect data frequently; a good program should be able to handle the mistake and not allow the ____ to be out of bounds. a. subscript b. superscript c. range d. variable

a. subscript

Arrays are always composed of elements of the same data ____. a. type b. style c. method d. mode

a. type

Simple non-array variables are usually passed to methods by ____. a. value b. reference c. type d. class

a. value

Which of the following is correct if the data type for weight is num? a. weight = 2.75 b. weight = "2.75" c. weight = (2.75) d. weight = "heavy"

a. weight = 2.75

Which takes precedence when the two are combined in a single statement: AND or OR? a. OR b. AND c. whichever comes first d. whichever comes last

b. AND

____, the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs, can sometimes take months or years to accomplish. a. Duplication b. Conversion c. Exchange d. Replication

b. Conversion

____ is the feature of programs and methods that assures you each has been tested and proven to function correctly. a. Modularization b. Reliability c. Portability d. Reusability

b. Reliability

Which of the following is an advantage of using an integrated development environment? a. Syntax errors do not occur. b. Syntax errors are visually highlighted. c. The program can run with syntax errors. d. Logical errors do not occur.

b. Syntax errors are visually highlighted

What is one drawback to including program comments? a. They take up too much memory. b. They must be kept current. c. You cannot use abbreviations. d. They make a program difficult to read.

b. They must be kept current.

____ are diagrams used in mathematics and logic to help describe the truth of an entire expression based on the truth of its parts. a. Text tables b. Truth tables c. Results tables d. Yes/No tables

b. Truth tables

The arguments sent to a method in a method call are often referred to as ____ parameters. a. signature b. actual c. formal d. recognized

b. actual

A common mistake when programming with loops is neglecting to ____ the loop control variable. a. reset b. alter c. end d. output

b. alter

A(n) ____ is a series or list of variables in computer memory, all of which have the same name and data type but are differentiated with special numbers called subscripts. a. collection b. array c. script d. group

b. array

A series of nested if statements can also be called a ____ if statement. a. layered b. cascading c. stacked d. dual

b. cascading

A series of nested if statements can also be called a ____ if statement. a. layered b. cascading c. stacked d. dual

b. cascading

Programmers must be careful to use the correct ____ in the statement that controls a loop. a. sequence b. comparison c. variable d. identifier

b. comparison

When you need to ask multiple questions before an outcome is determined, you must create a ____. a. dual condition b. compound condition c. large condition d. coordinated condition

b. compound condition

A(n) ____ is any numeric variable you use to count the number of times an event has occurred. a. numerator b. counter c. incremental value d. accumulator

b. counter

In pseudocode, which statement is used to show the stopping point of a loop structure? a. stop b. endwhile c. endif d. exitwhile

b. endwhile

All array elements have the same ____ name, but each individual element also has a unique subscript indicating how far away it is from the first element. a. variable b. group c. superscript d. value

b. group

What is the correct data type of an accumulator variable used to store real estate sales totals? a. string b. numeric c. text d. character

b. numeric

Two corresponding arrays are known as ____ arrays when each element in one array is associated with the element in the same relative position in the other array. a. perpendicular b. parallel c. similar d. matching

b. parallel

If you run the same application a second time, the variables might occupy different ____ from the ones they occupied during the first run. a. virtual storage locations b. physical memory locations c. virtual memory locations d. physical storage locations

b. physical memory locations

A ____ is any series of contiguous values between specified limits. a. parallel array b. range of values c. bounded series d. subscript search

b. range of values

A method can return nothing, which makes it a(n) ____ method. a. empty b. void c. open d. valid

b. void

Machine language is also called ____ language. a. volatile b. high-level c. binary d. primary

c. Binary

A(n) ____ expression is one that represents only one of two states, usually expressed as true or false. a. alternative b. dual c. Boolean d. double

c. Boolean

____ constants do not have identifiers like variables do. a. Alphabetic b. Named c. Unnamed d. Uncertain

c. Unnamed

The difference between an accumulator and a counter lies in the ____ that you add to the variable. a. comments b. updates c. value d. text

c. Value

One of the components of object-oriented design is identifying ____. a. detail b. procedures c. attributes d. syntax

c. attributes

Machine language is also called ____ language. a. volatile b. high-level c. binary d. primary

c. binary

Each array element occupies an area in memory next to, or ____, the others. a. coupled with b. associated with c. contiguous to d. parallel with

c. contiguous to

It is always a mistake to fail to initialize a loop's ____ variable. a. operational b. sequence c. control d. terminal

c. control

You usually use the for statement with ____ loops. a. non-testing b. infinite c. definite d. indefinite

c. definite

When you declare an array, you provide a(n) ____ name for a number of associated variables in memory. a. permanent b. immutable c. group d. standard

c. group

A method's ____ includes the method identifier and possibly other necessary identifying information. a. title b. space c. header d. opener

c. header

There will always be only one class ____ for each class. a. statement b. method c. header d. footer

c. header

The structure that takes one of two paths based on a decision is called a(n) ____ structure. a. if-then b. if-else c. if-then-else d. if-endif

c. if-then-else

When the value of a loop control variable is not altered by arithmetic, but is instead altered by user input, this is known as a(n) ____ loop. a. counted b. user-defined c. indefinite d. definite

c. indefinite

When the value of a loop control variable is not altered by arithmetic, but is instead altered by user input, this is known as a(n) ____ loop. a. counted b. user-defined c. indefinite d. definite

c. indefinite

When the value of a loop control variable is not altered by arithmetic, but is instead altered by user input, this is known as a(n) ____ loop. a. counted b. user-defined c. indefinite d. definite

c. indefinite

When you write a loop, you must control the number of repetitions it performs; if you do not, you run the risk of creating a(n) ____ loop. a. updating b. eternal c. infinite d. long

c. infinite

All computers have temporary, ____ storage, also known as random access memory (RAM). a. processing b. machine c. internal d. external

c. internal

A(n) ____ is the process of searching through a list from one end to another. a. binary search b. array search c. linear search d. midpoint searc

c. linear search

A(n) ____ is the process of searching through a list from one end to another. a. binary search b. array search c. linear search d. midpoint search

c. linear search

One advantage of modularization is that it simplifies the ____. a. functions b. arguments c. logic d. subroutines

c. logic

You use the ____ operator to reverse the meaning of a Boolean expression. a. duplicate b. reverse c. logical NOT d. unequal

c. logical NOT

In all structured loops, the ____ must provide either entry to, or exit from, the repeating structure. a. loop-controlling statement b. loop-directing question c. loop-controlling question d. loop-ending question

c. loop-controlling question

In all structured loops, the ____ must provide either entry to, or exit from, the repeating structure. a. loop-controlling statement b.. loop-directing question c. loop-controlling question d. loop-ending question

c. loop-controlling question

Some programmers refer to an array as a table, or a ____. a. catalog b. template c. matrix d. list

c. matrix

When you use a subscript not within the range of acceptable subscripts, your subscript is said to be ____. a. out of range b. out of area c. out of bounds d. out of series

c. out of bounds

Methods can be ____ correctly by providing different parameter lists for methods with the same name. a. updated b. tested c. overloaded d. passed

c. overloaded

Arrays are passed to a method by ____. a. type b. class c. reference d. value

c. reference

In an interactive program, a ____ enters data. a. disk b. database c. user d. graphical user interface

c. user

Loops are frequently used to ____ data; that is, to make sure it is meaningful and useful. a. include b. declare c. validate d. update

c. validate

Programmers say that data items are ____ only after they have been declared and within the method in which they are declared. a. available b. identified c. visible d. useable

c. visible

Programmers say that data items are ____ only after they have been declared and within the method in which they are declared. a. available b. identified c. visible d. useable

c. visible

A ____, also called an index, is a number that indicates the position of a particular item within an array. a. superscript b. key c. placeholder d. subscript

d. Subscript

What is an advantage of using the practice of echoing input? a. The program is shorter. b. Memory usage is lower. c. There is less chance of syntax errors. d. The user is more likely to catch input errors

d. The user is more likely to catch input errors

What is an advantage of using the practice of echoing input? a. The program is shorter. b. Memory usage is lower. c. There is less chance of syntax errors. d. The user is more likely to catch input errors.

d. The user is more likely to catch input errors.

Modularization provides ____. a. ambiguity b. complexity c. detail focus d. abstraction

d. abstraction

In a flowchart or in pseudocode, you can use the symbol that mathematicians use to mean "not equal," which is ____. a. an equal sign with an octagon over it b. an equal sign with a circle around it c. an equal sign with a slash after it d. an equal sign with a slash through it

d. an equal sign with a slash through it

In a flowchart or in pseudocode, you can use the symbol that mathematicians use to mean "not equal," which is ____. a. an equal sign with an octagon over it b. an equal sign with a circle around it c. an equal sign with a slash after it d. an equal sign with a slash through it

d. an equal sign with a slash through it

When a method returns a value, you usually want to use it in the ____ method. a. working b. current c. return d. calling

d. calling

A ____ dictionary is a list of every variable name used in a program. a. naming b. string c. constant d. data

d. data

One appropriate action when invalid input data has been detected is to assign a(n) ____value and proceed. a. error b. random c. decrement d. default

d. default

Programmers use the term "____" to describe programs that are well designed, and easy to understand and maintain. a. refined b. graceful c. stylish d. elegant

d. elegant

A ____ is a variable that you set to indicate whether some event has occurred. a. banner b. sentry c. sentinel d. flag

d. flag

With ____, you make a request to a method without knowing the details of how the method works. a. implementation masking b. method masking c. method hiding d. implementation hiding

d. implementation hiding

Programmers say that variables and constants declared within a method are ____ only after declaration within that method. a. in line b. useable c. out of scope d. in scope

d. in scope

What is another word for a subscript? a. superscript b. subroutine c. variable d. index

d. index

At the beginning of any method, it is the programmer's responsibility to ____ all variables that must start with a specific value. a. internalize b. setup c. clear d. initialize

d. initialize

Any array's subscripts are always a sequence of ____. a. alphanumeric characters b. symbols c. links d. integers

d. integers

Statements inside a loop that could be placed outside the loop make the loop ____. a. more efficient b. cleaner c. incorrect d. less efficient

d. less efficient

The ____ variable is initialized before entering the loop. a. loop-ending b. ending control c. interrupt control d. loop control

d. loop control

Program logic gets more complicated when you must use loops within loops, or ____ loops. a. internal b. grouped c. stacked d. nested

d. nested

The highest usable array subscript is ____. a. twice the size of the array b. the size of the array c. one more than the size of the array d. one less than the size of the array

d. one less than the size of the array

The ___ dictate the order in which operations in the same statement are carried out. a. sequence structures b. named constants c. decision points d. order of operations

d. order of operations

When you ____ a method, you write multiple methods with a shared name but different parameter lists. a. redo b. repurpose c. reload d. overload

d. overload

When using a flowchart, input is represented by what geometric shape? a. rectangle b. diamond c. circle d. parallelogram

d. parallelogram

A method's name and parameter list constitute the method's ____. a. identity b. autograph c. fingerprint d. signature

d. signature

Reprompting for data validation of a user's input is only necessary once. True False

false

The set of instructions that tell the computer what to do are called ____. a. software b. input c. hardware d. data

a. Software

A(n) ____ statement stores the value of the right-hand side of the expression in the memory location of the left-hand side. a. construct b. arithmetic c. equals d. assignment

d. assignment

Which language does a computer know? a. Java b. C++ c. high-level d. machine language

d. machine language

Only a few decisions you make in a computer program involve evaluating a Boolean expression. True False

False

For greatest program efficiency when using the OR operator, first ask the question that is more likely to be true. True False

True

In a flowchart, decision symbols are represented by diamonds. True False

True

The two major techniques for developing programs are procedural programming and object-oriented programming (OOP). True False

True

Three types of program structures are sequence, selection, and loop. True False

True

The rules that govern a programming language are called ____. a. syntax b. compilers c. structure d. constructs

a. Syntax

In the following statement, which operation is done third? answer = a + b + c * d / e - f a. a+b b. b+c c. e-f d. d/e

a. a+b

What is an equivalent way to write the following statement? answer = a + b + c * d / e - f a. answer = a+b+(c*d)/(e-f) b. answer = a+b+(c*d)/e-f c. answer = a+b+(c*d/e-f) d. answer = a+b+c*(d/e)-f

a. answer = a+b+(c*d)/(e-f)

A(n) ____ is a named set of statements that perform some task or group of tasks within an application. a. method b. class c. object d. flowchart

a. method

An AND decision can be constructed using a ____ decision. a. nested b. stacked c. combined d. dual

a. nested

A structured selection must have one entry point at the decision, and ____ exit point(s) when the two logical paths rejoin. a. one b. two c. three d. four

a. one

The instruction Myanswer = Mynumber*2 is an example of a(n) ____ operation. a. processing b. numerical c. data d. input

a. processing

A common error when using range checking is creating a(n) ____ path in the code. a. unreachable b. ending c. parallel d. decision

a. unreachable

The convention used in this book for named constants is ____ characters ____ underscores to separate words. a. uppercase, with b. uppercase, without c. lowercase, with d. lowercase, without

a. uppercase, with

What is one common error in using an OR selection? a. using AND logic when OR is needed b. creating structured logic c. using too many comparison operators d. using too few comparison operators

a. using AND logic when OR is needed

What is one common error in using an OR selection? a. using AND logic when OR is needed b. creating structured logic c. using too many comparison operators d. using too few comparison operators

a. using AND logic when OR is needed

What is one common error in using an OR selection? a. using AND logic when OR is needed b. creating structured logic c. using too many comparison operators d. using too few comparison operators

a. using AND logic when OR is needed

In an AND decision, why is it good practice to make the first question the one that is less likely to be true? a. This eliminates all instances of the second decision. b. This eliminates as many instances of the second decision as possible. c. This eliminates evaluation of the first decision. d. This makes program execution longer.

b. This eliminates as many instances of the second decision as possible.

In an AND decision, why is it good practice to make the first question the one that is less likely to be true? a. This eliminates all instances of the second decision. b. This eliminates as many instances of the second decision as possible. c. This eliminates evaluation of the first decision. d. This makes program execution longer.

b. This eliminates as many instances of the second decision as possible.

A ____ is an example of a user environment. a. prompt b. command line c. text line d. command box

b. command line

In pseudocode, a(n) ____ statement is used to clearly show where the selection structure ends. a. end b. endif c. endifelse d. stop

b. endif

One type of tool to aid the programmer during the planning stage is called a ____. a. placeholder b. flowchart c. desk-checker d. graphical user interface

b. flowchart

A(n) ____ is the name of a programming object - for example, a class, method, or variable. a. convention b. identifier c. keyword d. class header

b. identifier

Data items enter the computer system through ____ devices. a. software b. input c. output d. storage

b. input

Which of the following is correct if the data type of inventoryItem is string? a. inventoryItem = 3 b. inventoryItem = "printer" c. inventoryItem = -9 d. inventoryItem = (printer)

b. inventoryItem = "printer"

When using a flowchart, terminal symbols are represented by what geometric shape? a. parallelogram b. lozenge c. rectangle d. diamond

b. lozenge

Programmers refer to programs that contain meaningful names as ____. a. external documentation b. self-documenting c. internally consistent d. applications

b. self-documenting

The programming statements you write in a programming language are known as the ____ code. a. object b. source c. translated d. external

b. source

In the following statement, which arithmetic operation is performed first? answer = a + b + c * d / e - f a. e-f b. a+b c. c*d d. d/e

c. c*d

In the following statement, which arithmetic operation is performed first? answer = a + b + c * d / e - f a. e-f b. a+b c. c*d d. d/e

c. c*d

Sequences never include ____. a. terminations b. tasks c. decisions d. steps

c. decisions

Besides being awkward to use, the "____" comparison operator is the one most likely to be different in various programming languages. a. equal to b. greater than c. not equal to d. less than

c. not equal to

Many programming languages allow you to use ____ to force an expression to evaluate first. a. a pound sign b. an asterisk c. parentheses d. quotation marks

c. parentheses

Misuse of a language's grammar rules is called a(n) ____ error. a. illegal b. logical c. syntax d. semantic

c. syntax

You can use named constants to make your programs easier to understand by eliminating ____. a. constants b. variables c. strings d. magic numbers

d. magic numbers

You can use ____ statements instead of using AND and OR operators. a. conditional b. stacked if c. nesting loop d. nesting if

d. nesting if

You should never ask a question if there is ____ possible answer(s) or outcome(s). a. an unknown set of b. a known set of c. two or fewer d. only one

d. only one

You should never ask a question if there is ____ possible answer(s) or outcome(s). a. an unknown set of b. a known set of c. two or fewer d. only one

d. only one

With a ____ structure, you perform an action or event, and then you perform the next action in order. a. loop b. decision c. selection d. sequence

d. sequence

A graphical ____ is one example of a user environment. a. flowchart b. keyboard c. user screen d. user interface

d. user interface

What operator has the lowest precedence? a. + b. / c. * d. =

d.=