Midterm test oral communication
In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against what?
A set of ethical standards or guidelines
The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution.
Bill of Rights
____________ is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.
Brainstorming
______ listening is listening to provide emotional support for a speaker.
Emphatic
______ is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
Ethics
Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs. True or false?
False
Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter evidence. T/F
False
Because the brain can process many more words per minute than we talk, the resulting spare "brain time" makes listening easier. T/F
False
Hearing and listening are identical. T/F
False
It is only necessary for a speaker to identify his or her source when quoting verbatim—not when paraphrasing. T/F
False
Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is. T/F
False
Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright. T/F
False
One key to successful speaking is determining which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas. T/F
False
Skilled listeners try to remember a speaker's every word. T/F
False
Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in situational audience analysis. True or false?
False
The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose. T/F
False
The larger an audience becomes, the greater is the speaker's ethical responsibility to be fully prepared. T/F
False
To improve your listening, you should think of listening as a passive process. T/F
False
Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"
It's expressed as a question.
Which of the following violates the speaker's ethical obligation to be honest in what she or he says?
Juggling statistics, quoting out of context, and citing unusual cases as typical examples all violate the speaker's ethical obligation .
What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points?I. Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s.II. After undergoing a conversion experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during the 1840s.III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.
Number 2
______Blank is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation.
Positive nervousness
____is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.
Stage fright
What is the first step toward improving your listening skills?
Take listening seriously
Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker's goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals. T/F
True
People spend more time listening than doing any other communicative activity. T/F
True
Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback. T/F
True
Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
Visualizing yourself giving a strong speech, concentrating on communicating, and being thoroughly prepared.
When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their
When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their interest in the topic, knowledge about the topic, and attitude toward the topic.
Listening for pleasure or enjoyment is called ______ listening.
appreciative
Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind
at every step of speech preparation and presentation.
A frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.
attitude
Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.
audience-centeredness
A method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts.
brainstorming
A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech.
central idea
The ____________is a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech.
central idea
Listening to understand the message of a speaker is called ______listening.
comprehensive
Audience analysis that focuses on factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background.
demographic audience analysis
The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.
ego centrism
According to your textbook, the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is called
ego centrism.
At a coffee shop on campus, Rachel listens to her friend Shanti discuss his feelings about his mother's recent death. According to your textbook, Rachel is engaged in ______ listening.
emphatic
Weighing a potential course of action against a set of standards or guidelines.
ethical decisions
The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
ethics
The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called ______
feedback
"Do you think gun control is a workable solution to the problem of violence in U.S. schools?" is an example of a(n) ____________question.
fixed-alternative
Questions that offer a choice between two or more alternatives.
fixed-alternative questions
The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's ______.
frame of reference
The primary purpose of speechmaking is to...
gain a desired response from listeners.
The broad goal of a speech.
general purpose
Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own.
global plagiarism
Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.
incremental plagiarism
When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer.
inform
Questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.
open-ended questions
To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words.
paraphrase
Stealing ideas of language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own.
patchwork plagiarism
When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to ____________.
persuade
If you present another person's language or ideas as your own, you are guilty of ______.
plagiarism
Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own.
plagiarism
The ____________ is what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech.
residual message
What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech.
residual message
Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a spectrum of answers.
scale questions
Focus on factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting, and the disposition of the audience.
situational audience analysis
A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech.
specific purpose
"To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth" is an example of a(n)
specific purpose statement.
Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike.
stereotyping
The subject of a speech.
topic
Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed. T/F
true
It is normal—even desirable—to be nervous at the start of a speech. T/F
true
