Milady Chapter 11 & 15 FINAL

Hair is approximately ___ percent protein.

90

The growth phase where new hair is produced is:

Anagen

major elements that make up human hair are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur. often referred to as

COHNS elements

The technical term for gray hair is

Canities

Two basic requirements for a healthy scalp

Cleanliness and stimulation

medical term used to describe dandruff

Pityriasis

2nd ingredient in most shampoos

Surfactant (base deterdent)

what term refers to the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care

Trichology

if you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritations, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious diseases, discontinue the service, and refer them to _____

a physician

Do not massage or manipulate a client's scalp if you detect the presence of:

abrasions

To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without:

adversely affecting the scalp or hair

The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is

alopecia areata

The units of structure that build protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads are

amino acids

What are the 3 growth cycles of hair?

anagen, catagen, telogen

The small, involuntary muscle fiber in the base of the hair follicle is the _____.

arrestor pili muscle

hair should only be shampooed

as often as necessary

When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in a(n):

back and forth movement

type of shampoo washes away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out

balancing

when are scalp treatments performed

before or during shampoo

Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, or chemically relaxed is called:

chemically treated

what chemical is added to fresh water before it enters public water pipelines for the purposes of additional purification (killing bacteria)

chlorine

which types of shampoo (containing an active chelating agent) should be used when a buildup on the hair is evident and prior to all chemical services

clarifying shampoo

When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch the:

clients skin

shampoos created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called

color enhancing shampoos

special agents are applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hairs strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage

conditioners

_____ shampoo, also also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny

conditioning

often called "the shampoo" this first step of the service actually encompasses three different processes: scalp care and massage, shampoo, and ____

conditioning

A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to the:

cortex

outermost layer of hair

cuticle

term refers to a layer that protects hair

cuticle

what layer of hair shaft creates shine/smoothness/silky

cuticle

_____, also known as hair masks or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated proteins and intensive moisturizers

deep conditioning treatments

measurement describes number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp is hair ____

density

Small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of the hair follicles are:

dermal papilla

what structures contain blood and nerve supply that provide nutrients needed for hair growth

dermal papilla

ingredients in shampoos, as well as all other manufactured products, are listed on the packaging according to the percentages of each ingredient or in ____

descending order

____water has impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions removed

distilled

permanent waving and hair relaxers change the shape of hair by chemically altering the hairs

disulfide bonds

type of shampoo, also known as powder shampoo, cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water

dry shampoo

The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as hair:

elasticity

The pigment that provides brown or black color to hair is _________.

eumelanin

what treatment that passes water through porous substance, such as a charcoal or a filter, for purification purposes

filtration

The pocket or tube-like depression in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root is the:

follicle

tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by ___

fungal organisms

term refers to an acute, localized infection of hair follicle that produces constant pain

furnuncle

trichos means

hair

A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a(n):

hair and scalp examination

Hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating within the:

hair follicle

what part of the hair is located below surface of epidermis

hair root

During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning at the:

hairline

it is important for local stylist to determine if water is _________ because it may affect the outcome of the clients chemical services

hard or soft

Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp before a service is not recommended if the scalp is irritated, prior to chemical or hair color service, or before/after a _____ service

highlighting

What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous, and causes fading in colored treated hair?

hugh PH shampoo

what substances absorb moisture and promote retention of moisture in the hair

humectants

products that are classified as either alkaline solution or acidic solution by measuring amount of ___

hydrogen

A physical side bond that is easily broken by water and heat is a:

hydrogen bond

what type of bond is broken by wetting the hair and is reformed when the hair dries

hydrogen bond

3 types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together are

hydrogen, salt, disulfide

The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair is referred to as

hypertrichosis

hair skin and nails are parts of the ___ system

integumentary

what type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength

keratin

hair shaft emerges from the scalp is a nonliving fiber composed of

keratinized protien

Vellus hair is also known as:

lanugo

Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a fungus called

malassezia

Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioners, and topical lotions contain antifungal agents that control dandruff by suppressing the growth of a bacteria called

malessezia

_____ is contraindicated, or not recommended, for clients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension

massage

All natural hair color is the result of pigment called

melanin

Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a solution that is

more alkaline

Brushes with bristles that have tiny overlapping layers or scales, which clean and add luster to the hair, are:

natural

a ____ strip is less bulky than a Terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting

neck

a ____ shampoo is designed to rebalance the PH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair

neutralizing

Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be:

non stripping

The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be:

oil- attracting

term refers to an infestation of hair and scalp with head lice

pediculosis capitis

Shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid:

ph balanced shampoos

What pigment in hair provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones?

pheomelanin

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called:

polypeptide chain

ability of hair to absorb moisture is hair ____

porosity

Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called _____.

postpartum alopecia

maintaining good ___ while shampooing will prevent uanessacry muscle aches

posture

what factor differs between a relaxation scalp massage and a treatment scalp massage

products that are used

2 conditioning agents that help restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft

protein and biotin

_____ conditioners are products designed to penetrate to cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within while temporarily reconstructing the hair

protien

substances comprised of long, coiled, complex, polypepetides made of amino acids

protiens

A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite is

scabies

Which type of conditioning agent is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation from the scalp?

scalp astringent lotions

during a dry hair and scalp treatment, a _____, which resembles a hooded dryer, can be used to help resolves the moisture balance in the hair

scalp steamer

The substance secreted by the sebaceous glands is called

sebum

oily substance secreted by skins oil gland

sebum

Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by _____, in which matter is allowed to sink to the bottom of the collecting reservoir.

sedimentation

a _____ draping is also known as a wet draping

shampoo

one of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a

shampoo

Trichoptilosis is the technical term for

split ends

_____ shampoos, sometimes called soap free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color

sulfate free

The resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed is the

telogen

medical term for ringworm

tinea

Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as a(n):

universal solvent

short, fine, unpigmented, downy hair

vellus hair

main ingredient of most shampoos

water

what term refers to shape of hair strand

wave pattern