Milan Conference
The discussion categories were divided into 4 categories:
-building and school materials -on teaching -methods -special objections
Addition Resolutions:
-specific methodology of instruction -oral system teachers should publish instructional materials -post-education expectations -age,term or instruction, class size -guidelines for introducing pure oral methods into a school and separating signers from oral students
How many deaf delegates were there?
2- one from france and one from USA
How many questions were submitted for discussion prior to making resolution declarations?
26
How many resolutions did congress pass?
8
in 1882, 7.5% of deaf children were educated orally, by 1920, this number has risen to
80%
Resolution 3:
Considering that a great number of deaf and dumb are not receiving the benefit of instruction, and that this condition is owning to the "impotence" of families and institutions recommends that governments should take the necessary steps that all the deaf and dumb may be educated
Resolution 2:
Considering that the simultaneous use of speech and signs has the disadvantage of injuring speech, lip reading and precision of ideas declares that the pure oral method ought to be passed
Resolution 1
Considering the incontestable superiority of speech over signs in restoring the deaf-mute to society, and giving him a more perfect knowledge of language declares that the oral method ought to be preferred than that of signs for the education and instruction of the deaf and dumb
The Pereire Society included
French and Italian Oral Advocated with great influence
A small group of oralists organized the first congress, hoping to recruit supporters of the oral system = ________________
Pereire Society
The quality of deaf education declined significantly during the
Pure Oral Era
What had a serious psychological impact on many deaf people?
The suppression of sign language
What did the President at Gallaudet College do in regards to the Milan Conference?
They retained sign language on the gallaudet campus and revoked the milan conference
The President at Gallaudet's decision may have
been a major contribution to the survival of ASL in the US
All elements of the conference were carefully planned to
ensure success that eluded them in 1878
The effort failed in 1878, because
most still favored the combined system
Deaf teachers were removes from their positions and replaces with
non-signing hearing teachers
Hundreds of _________ schools were established due to the Milan Conference
oral
The Babbidge Report
oralism is a "dismal failure" which finally discharged the decision made at the Milan conference
Pereire Society because the
organizing committee for the 1880 conference
Deaf children were punished for___________ and rewarded for ______
punished for signing; rewarded for speech
Many existing signing schools were forced to
reform or close
Who were "invited" to the conference?
the delegates
The resolutions created a legacy that continued until
the late 20th century
Parents were warned against using signs with their deaf children, and were blamed when
their children failed in oral education
Pereire Society determined that Milan should be the location of the Conference because
two schools for the deaf there had converted to oralism
The 21st International Congress on Deaf Education
we... -reject all resolutions passed at the ICED Milan Congress in 1880 that denied the inclusion of sign languages in educational programmed for the deaf children/students -acknowledge and sincerely regret the detrimental effects of the milan conference -call upon all nations of the word to remember the history and ensure that educational programs accept and respect all languages and forms of communication
