Ministry Study Cards

Phil. 2:5-11 (memorize)

"...Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father."

Acts 3:21

"...Jesus, whom heaven must receive until the time for restoring all things."

Phil. 3:9 (memorize)

"...not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith."

2 Tim. 3:15-17 (memorize)

"...the sacred Writings, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be competent, equipped for every good work."

Matt. 28:18-20

"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age."

Romans 8:30 (memorize)

"And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified."

Ps. 51:5 (memorize)

"Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me."

Isa. 46:9-11 (memorize)

"For I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me, declaring the end from the beginning and from ancient times things not yet done, saying, "My counsel shall stand, and I will accomplish my purpose," calling a bird of prey from the east, the man of my counsel from a far country. I have spoken, and I will bring it to pass; I have purposed, and I will do it."

1 Cor. 11:23-26

"For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me." In the same way also he took the cup, after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me." For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes."

Rom. 3:23-25 (memorize)

"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith."

Gal. 3:26-27

"For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God, through faith. For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ."

Col. 2:9 (memorize)

"For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily."

2 Cor. 5:21 (memorize)

"God made him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God."

Rom. 4:11

"He received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised."

Titus 3:5

"He saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit."

Deut. 6:4 (memorize)

"Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God, the LORD is one."

Col. 2:11-12

"In him also you were circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, having been buried with him in baptism, in which you were also raised with him through faith in the powerful working of God who raised him from the dead."

Matt. 26:26-28

"Jesus institutes the Lord's Supper during Passover."

2 Pet. 1:20-21 (memorize)

"No prophecy of Scripture comes from someone's own interpretation. For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit."

What does the word "Pentateuch" mean?

"Pentateuch" is Latin for "5 books."

Acts 2:38-39

"Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. For the promise is for you and for your children, and for all who are far off, everyone whom the Lord our God calls to himself."

Ex. 34:6-7 (memorize)

"The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children's children, to the third and fourth generation."

1 Cor. 10:16-17

"The cup of blessing that we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of the one bread."

Deut. 29:29 (memorize)

"The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things that are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law."

Rom. 5:12 (memorize)

"Therefore just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned."

Romans (outline)

(A) Justification by Faith (How are people are saved?) 1) Sin (1 - 3:20)...The "need" for salvation. 2) Salvation/Justification (3:21 - 5)...The "provision" for salvation. 3) Sanctification (6 - 8)...The "result" of salvation. 4) Sovereignty (9 - 11)...The "scope" of salvation. (B) Transformed Life (What does a saved person look like?) 5) Service/Application (12 - 15)...In relation to... - Conduct (12) - Civil Authorities (13) - Weak Brethren (14-15) 6) Salutation (16)

What are the 6 Major Christological heresies?

(E-D-A-A-N-E) 1) Ebionism 2) Docetism 3) Arianism (Nicea, 325 AD) 4) Apollinarianism (Constantinople, 381 AD) 5) Nestorianism (Ephesus, 431 AD) 6) Eutychianism (Chalcedon, 451 AD) Also... - Gnosticism - Marcionism - Monarchianism - Pelagianism

List the 12 tribes of Israel.

(JLZ-IAB-RSD-GN-ME) 1. Judah 2. Levi 3. Zebulun 4. Issachar 5. Ashur 6. Benjamin 7. Reuben 8. Simeon 9. Dan 10. Gad 11. Naphtali 12a. Manasseh 12b. Ephraim

Deuteronomy (outline)

(Structure of a Suzerain-Vassal Covenant) 1) Preamble (1:1-5) 2) Historical Prologue (1:6 - 4) 3) General Stipulations (5-11) 4) Specific Stipulations (12-26) 5) Blessings and Curses (27-28) 6) Call Upon Divine Witnesses (29-30) 7) Moses' Farewell (31-34)

Lord's Supper?

- 1 Cor. 11:17-34; 10:16-17 - Matt. 26:26-28 - Mk. 14:22-25 - Lk. 22:14-23

Spiritual Gifts?

- 1 Cor. 12 - Eph. 4:11-12 - Rom. 12:3-8

Resurrection of the Body?

- 1 Cor. 15 (Resurrection Chapter) - 1 Thes. 4:13-18 ("For since we believe that Jesus died and then rose again, even so, through Jesus, God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep.")

Dedication of the Temple?

- 1 Kgs. 8 - 2 Chr. 6

Women in the Church?

- 1 Tim. 2:9-15, esp. 2:12 - Deacons' wives: 1 Tim. 3:11 - Acts 18 (Priscilla)

What shall a quorum consist for a congregational meeting? 25-3

- 1/4 of communing members (>100) - 1/6 of communing members (<100)

The Exile?

- 2 Kgs. 17, 25 - 2 Chr. 36

Davidic Covenant?

- 2 Sam. 7 - 1 Chr. 17

The Inspiration of Scripture?

- 2 Tim. 3:16 - 2 Pet. 1:20-21

Importance of preaching?

- 2 Tim. 4:2 - Rom. 10:14

How many books are in the Bible? How many in the OT? How many in the NT?

- 66 in the Bible - 39 in the OT - 27 in the NT

Speaking in Tongues?

- Acts 2:1-6 - 1 Cor. 14

The Church?

- Acts 2:42-47 - Eph. 4:11-32 (and the rest of the book) - 1 Cor. 12:12-31

The Trinity?

- Baptism of Jesus: Matt. 3; Mk. 1; Lk. 3; Jn. 1 - Transfiguration: Matt. 17; Mk. 9; Lk. 9 - Great Commission: Matt. 28:19-20 - Acts 2 (Peter's Sermon)

The Son of Man?

- Dan. 7:13-14 - All throughout Matt. and Luke - Rev. 1:13 ("In the midst of the lamp stands one like a son of man, clothed with a long robe and with a golden sash around his chest.")

Qualifications for Church Officers?

- Elder: 1 Tim. 3:1-7; Tit. 1:5-9 - Deacon: 1 Tim. 3:8-13

Where in the Old Testament would you find the Ten Commandments?

- Ex. 20:1-17 - Deut. 5:6-21

Family?

- Ex. 20:12 (5th command) - Prov. 3:11; 13:24; 23:13-14 (fatherly discipline/rod) - Eph. 5:22-6:4 ("Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord...Husbands, love your wives as Christ loved the Church.") - Col. 3:18-21 ("Wives, submit to your husbands...Husbands, love your wives.")

Ordering of Christian Worship?

- Ex. 20:3-4 ("You shall have no other gods before me.") - Lev. 10 (Nadab and Abihu) - Acts 2:42 ("And they devoted themselves to the apostles teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of bread and prayers.") - 1 Cor. 14:26-40 (Orderly Worship)

Where are the 10 plagues located? What are they?

- Ex. 7-12 1. Water turned to blood 2. Frogs 3. Gnats 4. Flies 5. Livestock Die 6. Boils 7. Hail 8. Locusts 9. Darkness 10. Death of the first born

Melchizedek?

- Gen. 14 - Heb. 5, 7

The Virgin Birth Foretold?

- Is. 7:14 - Matt. 1:18-25 - Lk. 1:26-38

Sovereignty of God?

- Isa. 46:9-11 - Dan. 4:34-35 - Mt. 10:30 ("But even the hairs of your head are numbered.")

As a preacher, what do you find unique about Isaiah's testimony of the Word? Why would you preach from it?

- Isaiah gives an incredibly compelling picture of Jesus Christ and the gospel. Because it is an OT book, it helps us see that the gospel of Christ is central to the entire Bible. o The first 39 chapters focus on Israel's sin and impending judgment, which presents the need for Christ. o Isaiah predicts the virgin birth in 7:14-16, the Messiah's reign in 9:2-7 and 11:1-10, and his work as the suffering Servant in the Servant Songs of chs. 42-53. o Servant Songs: - 42:1-9 - 49:1-13 - 50:4-9 - 52:13 - 53:12

Unity of the Church (and gifts)?

- Jn. 17:11-23 ("I in them and you in me, that they may become perfectly one, so that the world will know that you sent me and loved them even as you loved me.") - Rom. 12:3-8 ("For as in one body we have many members, and the members do not have the same function, so we, though many, are one body in Christ, and individually members one of another.") - 1 Cor. 12:12-31 ("If one member suffers, all suffer together; if one member is honored, all rejoice together. Now you are the body of Christ and individually members of it.") - Eph. 4:1-16 ("There is one body and one Spirit...one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.")

Repentance?

- Jonah 3:1-10 - Acts 2:37-38

Homosexuality?

- Lev. 18:22 - Rom. 1:26-27

Mary and Martha?

- Lk. 10 - Jn. 11

The Ascension?

- Lk. 24 - Acts 1

Giving?

- Mal. 3:6-12 (Israelites neglect giving tithes. This is divine robbery) - 2 Cor. 8-9 (Give generously and give cheerfully)

Parable of the Mustard Seed?

- Matt. 13 - Mk. 4 - Lk. 13

Transfiguration?

- Matt. 17:1-13 - Mk. 9:2-13 - Lk. 9:28-36

Confronting a brother in sin?

- Matt. 18:15-18 (Confront, Get a brother, Tell the Church) - Gal. 6:1 (Bear one another's burdens)

Triumphal Entry?

- Matt. 21 - Mk. 11 - Lk. 19

Where in the New Testament would you find the law summarized (2 references)?

- Matt. 22:37-40 - Mark 12:28-31

The Olivet Discourse?

- Matt. 24-25 - Mk. 13 - Lk. 21

Final Judgment?

- Matt. 25:31-46 - Rev. 20:11-15

The Last Supper?

- Matt. 26 - Mk. 14 - Lk. 22

Death of Christ?

- Matt. 27 - Mk. 15 - Lk. 23 - Jn. 19

Resurrection of Christ?

- Matt. 28 - Mk. 16 - Lk. 24 - Jn. 20

Resurrection?

- Matt. 28 - Mk. 16 - Lk. 24 - Jn. 20 - 1 Cor. 15 - Acts 2:31-36

Evangelism?

- Matt. 28:19 ("While you are going, make disciples of all nations.") - Acts 1:8 ("You will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.") - 2 Cor. 5:18 (Ministry of Reconciliation) - 1 Thes. 2:4-8 ("Being affectionately desirous of you, we were ready to share with you not only the gospel of God but also our own selves.")

Baptism of Jesus?

- Matt. 3 - Mk. 1 - Lk. 3 - Jn. 1

Temptation of Jesus?

- Matt. 4 - Mk. 1 - Lk. 4

Beatitudes?

- Matt. 5:1-12 - Lk. 6:20-23

Money?

- Matt. 6:19-24 - 1 Tim. 6:3-10

Lord's Prayer?

- Matt. 6:9-13 - Lk. 11:2-4

Which of the historical books are post-exilic?

- Post-exilic (3) o Ezra o Nehemiah o Esther

Which of the historical books are pre-exilic?

- Pre-exilic (9) o Joshua o Judges o Ruth o 1 & 2 Samuel o 1 & 2 Kings o 1 & 2 Chronicles

God's fatherly discipline of his children?

- Prov. 3:11-12; Prov. 13/23 (rod) - Ps. 89:30-33 ("If they violate my statutes...then I will punish their transgression with the rod...but I will not remove from him my steadfast love.") - Heb. 12:4-11 ("It is for discipline that you have to endure. God is treating you as sons. For what son is there whom his father does not discipline?")

Locate two passages about the revelation of God in nature.

- Psa. 19 - Rom. 1:18-20

Christian Liberty?

- Rom. 14 ("Nothing is unclean in itself, but it is unclean for anyone who thinks it unclean.") - 1 Cor. 10:23-33 ("All things are lawful, but not all things are helpful. All things are lawful, but not all things build up.")

Predestination?

- Rom. 8:29-30 ("For those whom he foreknew, he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son.") - Rom. 9:10-24 ("Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.") - Eph. 1:3-12 ("In love he predestined us for adoption through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will.")

How does the Hebrew Bible name and arrange the books of the OT?

- The Law, the Prophets, and the Writings o The Law (Torah) = Pentateuch o The Prophets = Historical and Prophetic Books - The Former Prophets = Historical Books - The Latter Prophets = Prophetic Books o The Writings = Psalms and Wisdom (Poetic Books)

Briefly discuss the Messianic Psalms, and identify four of them.

- The Messianic Psalms present the Messiah as the ultimate Davidic King who is coming to rule over the entire world. - Psa. 2; 22; 110; 118

Instruction on the Lord's Supper?

1 Cor. 10:16-17; 11:17-34

"So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God."

1 Cor. 10:31

"Now you are the body of Christ, and each one of you is a part of it..."

1 Cor. 12:27

The Love Chapter?

1 Cor. 13

"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres."

1 Cor. 13:4-7

Paul's Resurrection Chapter?

1 Cor. 15

"But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep."

1 Cor. 15:20

"For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and that he appeared to Peter, and then to the Twelve. After that, he appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers at the same time..."

1 Cor. 15:3-6

"Where, O death is your victory? Where, O death is your sting?"

1 Cor. 15:55

"For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God."

1 Cor. 1:18

"Jews demand miraculous signs and Greeks look for wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those whom God has called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God."

1 Cor. 1:22-24

"But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong. He chose the lowly things of this world and the despised things—and the things that are not—to nullify the things that are, so that no one may boast before him."

1 Cor. 1:27-29

Therefore, as it is written: "Let him who boasts boast in the Lord."

1 Cor. 1:31

"Don't you know that you yourselves are God's temple and that God's Spirit lives in you?"

1 Cor. 3:16

"Flee from sexual immorality. All other sins a man commits are outside his body, but he who sins sexually sins against his own body."

1 Cor. 6:18

Body as a Temple of the Holy Spirit?

1 Cor. 6:19 ("Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God with your body.")

"This is the message we have heard from him and declare to you: God is light; in him there is no darkness at all. If we claim to have fellowship with him yet walk in the darkness, we lie and do not live by the truth."

1 Jn. 1:5-6

"If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness."

1 Jn. 1:9

"My dear children, I write this to you so that you will not sin. But if anybody does sin, we have one who speaks to the Father in our defense--Jesus Christ, the Righteous One."

1 Jn. 2:1

"How great is the love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are!"

1 Jn. 3:1

"This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers."

1 Jn. 3:16

"Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world."

1 Jn. 4:1

"We love because he first loved us."

1 Jn. 4:19

"You, dear children, are from God and have overcome them, because the one who is in you is greater than the one who is in the world."

1 Jn. 4:4

"Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love."

1 Jn. 4:8

"And this is the testimony: God has given us eternal life, and this life is in his Son. He who has the Son has life; he who does not have the Son of God does not have life."

1 Jn. 5:11-12

Division of the Kingdom?

1 Kgs. 12

"Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! In his great mercy he has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead..."

1 Pet. 1:3

"Dear friends, I urge you, as aliens and strangers in the world, to abstain from sinful desires, which war against your soul."

1 Pet. 2:11

Living Stones?

1 Pet. 2:4

"But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people belonging to God, that you may declare the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light. Once you were not a people, but now you are the people of God; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy."

1 Pet. 2:9-10

"Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour."

1 Pet. 5:8

But Samuel replied: "Does the LORD delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying the voice of the LORD? To obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed is better than the fat of rams."

1 Sam. 15:22

Anointing of David

1 Sam. 16

But the LORD said to Samuel, "Do not consider his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. The LORD does not look at the things man looks at. Man looks at the outward appearance, but the LORD looks at the heart."

1 Sam. 16:7

David and Goliath?

1 Sam. 17

The call of Samuel?

1 Sam. 3

"And we also thank God continually because, when you received the word of God, which you heard from us, you accepted it not as the word of men, but as it actually is, the word of God, which is at work in you who believe."

1 Thess. 2:13

"We loved you so much that we were delighted to share with you not only the gospel of God but our lives as well, because you had become so dear to us."

1 Thess. 2:8

"For the Lord himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will be with the Lord forever."

1 Thess. 4:16-17

"Now, brothers, about times and dates we do not need to write to you, for you know very well that the day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night."

1 Thess. 5:1-2

"Be joyful always; pray continually; give thanks in all circumstances, for this is God's will for you in Christ Jesus."

1 Thess. 5:16-18

"Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners - of whom I am the worst."

1 Tim. 1:15

"The goal of this command is love, which comes from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith."

1 Tim. 1:5

"This is good, and pleases God our Savior, who wants all men to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth."

1 Tim. 2:3-4

"For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus..."

1 Tim. 2:5

"Don't let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in speech, in life, in love, in faith and in purity."

1 Tim. 4:12

"For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil."

1 Tim. 6:10

"Fight the good fight of the faith. Take hold of the eternal life to which you were called when you made your good confession in the presence of many witnesses."

1 Tim. 6:12

"But godliness with contentment is great gain."

1 Tim. 6:6

Which books are commonly labeled "The Pastoral Epistles"?

1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus

Define and discuss original sin. Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression? (WSC #16) Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell? (WSC #18)

1) "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him and fell with him, in his first transgression." 2) "The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it." - GUILT: Rom. 5:16 - LOSS OF ORIGINAL RIGHTEOUSNESS: Rom. 5:19 - CORRUPTION OF WHOLE NATURE: Gen. 6:5 o Adam's first sin affects us in two ways: (1) Imputation of Adam's Sin: Every person is born bearing the guilt and punishment of Adam's first sin (Rom. 5:16-17 (condemnation & death))....Justification solves! (2) Inherited Corruption: Every person is born with a sinful nature, and is inclined to sin (Rom. 5:19; Gen. 6:5; Ps. 51:5; Jer. 17:9)...Sanctification solves!

Anselm

1) 11th-12th century theologian who pioneered the ontological proof for God and the satisfaction theory of the atonement. 2) Most important works are Faith Seeking Understanding (ontological proof for God), and Why God Became Man (satisfaction theory). 3) The greatest theologian between Augustine and the Reformers (1000 years).

Peter Abelard

1) 12th century scholastic theologian who pioneered the moral influence theory of the atonement. 2) Moral influence theory: Christ's death was a demonstration of God's love that moves us to love God in return and respond with obedience. Thus the result of Christ's death is purely subjective; it only accomplishes something in us.

Peter Lombard

1) 12th century scholastic theologian who wrote the "Book of Sentences", which became the standard systematic theology textbook for centuries. 2) Was one of the first to insist on there being 7 sacraments

Thomas Aquinas

1) 13th century scholastic theologian who used the dialectical method (Aristotelian logic) to write the massive systematic theology Summa Theologeia. Arguably the greatest Catholic theologian after Augustine. 2) Dominican monk 3) Taught at the University of Paris

William of Ockham

1) 13th-14th century theologian who adhered to a division between faith and reason, and created "Ockham's Razor": whatever can be done in fewer assumptions is done in vain with more. 2) As a Nominalist, Ockham advocated the study of specifics over universal concepts.

John Wycliffe

1) 14th century British theologian who first translated the Bible into English. 2) Taught at Oxford. 3) Opposed sacramental soteriology, ceremonialism and papal authority. 4) Advocated the Bible as the ultimate authority over church tradition, and taught salvation by grace and divine election. 5) Often called the morning star of the Reformation.

Jan Hus

1) 14th-15th century theologian and Czech Priest who reformed the Bohemian church. 2) Attacked clerical abuses and papal authority, and emphasized the priesthood of all believers and the importance of preaching the Word of God. 3) He was burned at the stake for his views (led to Hussite Wars) 4) Highly influenced by Wycliffe.

The Reformation

1) 16th and 17th century movement to reform the Christian church in response to its theological and moral decay, which led to a formal break between Catholics and Protestants. 2) Stressed salvation by grace through faith alone, the ultimate authority of Scripture, and the priesthood of all believers. 3) Began on Oct. 31, 1517 when Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door at Wittenberg. Continued through the 16th and 17th centuries. 4) Major reformers were Martin Luther, John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli. 5) Sola's of the Reformation: Sola Scriptura: Scripture alone Sola Christo: Christ alone Sola Fide: Faith alone Sola Gratia: Grace alone Sola Deo Gloria: To God alone be the glory

Luther

1) 16th century German theologian whose work was the primary catalyst for the Reformation. Recovered the doctrines of justification by faith, the ultimate authority of Scripture, and the priesthood of all believers. 2) Wrote the 95 Theses, Commentary on Galatians, and Bondage of the Will. 3) Founded the Lutheran church 4) Believed in consubstantiation 5) Taught at the University of Wittenberg 6) Augustinian monk

Belgic Confession

1) 16th century Reformed confession written in the Netherlands. 2) Protested persecution by Catholics, and sought to prove that adherents to the Reformed faith were not rebels, but law-abiding citizens who held to true biblical teaching.

John Knox

1) 16th century Scottish reformer, who led the reformation of the Scottish church, and was heavily influential in the development of Presbyterian worship. 2) Wrote the Scots Confession and the Book of Discipline.

Heidelberg Catechism

1) 16th century catechism composed in Heidelberg, Germany that teaches the doctrines of the Reformation. 2) Commissioned by Prince Fredrick III 3) Primary authors were Olevianus and Ursinus, along with the rest of their theological faculty.

John Calvin

1) 16th century reformer who was born in France, and ministered in Geneva, Switzerland. The founder of modern Reformed theology, and author of Institutes of the Christian Religion. 2) Born in France 3) Ministered in Geneva for two years, then exiled 4) Lived in Strasbourg for 3 years, where he was influenced by Martin Bucer 5) Returned to Geneva, where he ministered for the remaining 23 years of his life. 6) Major theological contributions include the Holy Spirit, Presbyterian polity, covenant theology, and the Spiritual presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper.

Canons of Dort

1) 17th century document, composed by the Synod of Dort in the Netherlands, which presents the 5 points of Calvinism in response to the Remonstrance. 2) The Synod of Dort met from 1618-1619 to resolve the dispute between Calvinism and Arminianism that had arisen in the Netherlands. 3) The Synod was composed of delegates from many countries.

Pietism

1) 17th century response to dead orthodoxy in German Lutheranism. 2) Emphasized experientialism, the Bible, holiness, and church reform. 3) Major figures include Zinzendorf and Philip Jacob Spener.

What is the Old Side/New Side Division?

1) 18th century controversy over the disorder created by the First Great Awakening, subscription to the Westminster Standards, and the regulation of theological education for ministers. 2) Synod of Philadelphia split into two Synods for 18 years. - Synod of Philadelphia (Old Side) vs. Synod of New York (New Side) - John Thomsen (Old Side) vs. Gilbert Tennant (New Side...Log College) 3) New Side favored the Great Awakening and accused Old Side ministers of being unconverted.

What was the Old School/New School Division?

1) 19th century debate precipitated by the Second Great Awakening, which resulted in the Presbyterian church splitting into 2 denominations. 2) The debated issues were: a) Doctrine - Old School = Calvinistic - New School more Arminian b) Subscription to the Standards: - Old School = strict subscription - New School = system subscription c) Church polity: - Old School = denominational identity - New School = interdenominational consciousness d) Revivalism: - Old School = conversion by the Spirit - New School = conversion by the use of means e) Social reform: - Old School = slavery - New School = abolition

Fundamentalism

1) 20th century reaction to liberalism in American Christianity that sought to reaffirm Christian Orthodoxy. 2) Key proponent was J. Gresham Machen 3) Focus on propagating the fundamentals of the Christian faith: o Inerrancy of Scripture o Deity of Christ o The virgin birth o The historicity of biblical miracles o Substitutionary atonement o Jesus' bodily resurrection and return

Neo-Orthodoxy

1) 20th century theological movement that reacted to liberalism by returning to a more orthodox view of sin, grace and faith, but retained a belief that Scripture was fallible. 2) Key proponents were Karl Barth and Emil Brunner. 3) Emphasized the transcendence of God and the centrality of Christ.

How may the doctrinal standards be amended?

1) 3/4ths at GA 2) 3/4ths of Presbyteries 3) 3/4ths at subsequent GA

Augustine

1) 4th - 5th century bishop of Hippo, who was one of the most influential theologians in the history of the church. 2) Wrote many works, including Confessions and City of God. 3) In opposition to the Manichaens, Donatists and Pelagians, Augustine taught that salvation was only by the grace of God, emphasizing original sin, divine election and baptismal regeneration.

Modernism

1) A 19th and 20th century theological movement which centers on adapting Christian ideas to better cohere with modern culture and thought, and which emphasizes reason over Scripture as the ultimate source of knowledge. 2) Originated in 19th century Germany, and spread to Britain and the US. 3) Major proponents include Kant, Schleiermacher, Hegel, Wellhausen, and Fosdick. 4) Pioneered higher criticism as a hermeneutical method. 5) Characterized by idealism, optimism, and an emphasis on ethics. Society is moving toward the realization of the kingdom of God, which will be an ideal ethical state of human perfection. 6) Emphasizes God's immanence over his transcendence. God is present in the world in all parts of life, not elevated above the world as a transcendent being. 7) Thus God's presence is disclosed in reason, art and moral goodness, not just through Scripture.

What is a candidate and what is required to become a candidate?

1) A candidate is a member of the Church in full communion, who feels called to preach the gospel, and submits himself to the care and guidance of the Presbytery in his preparation for ministry. 2) Requirements: - Come under care of the Presbytery, with the endorsement of the Session. - Examined in Christian experience and motives for seeking the ministry.

What is the difference between a committee, a commission, and a permanent committee? 15-1

1) A committee is formed ad hoc by a court in order to investigate, research, and/or make recommendation on an issue. The ad hoc committee then reports back to the court its recommendation for the court to issue. After its report, the committee is dissolved. 2) A commission is given the authority to act in the name of the court on any issue the court asked it to address, thus it has authority to deliberate upon and conclude the business referred to it. Such commissions are required to submit a record of their actions (minutes) to the court which appointed them. • Examples: Commissions of Presbytery are erected to: take judicial testimony, ordained ministers, install ministers, visit churches affected with disorder, for the organization of new churches. 3) A permanent committee is a committee of a court whose status is not of an ad hoc, but of a permanent, nature. • Examples: Permanent Committees of Presbytery are: Credentials, Churches * Officers, Missions, Administrative etc.

How does a committee of commissioners and a permanent committee or agency differ?

1) A committee of commissioners is elected for only one specific General Assembly, and its authority of operation lasts only through the end of that General Assembly. 2) Permanent committees and agencies carry out their work of the General Assembly between GA meetings.

Of whom does the congregation consist? Who is entitled to vote? 25-1

1) A congregation consists of all its communing members. 2) Only communing members are entitled to vote.

What is a covenant?

1) A covenant is a relationship of mutual loyalty with divine sanctions (Gen. 15; 17; Ex. 19-24). 2) Gropp, "A stipulated commitment under divine sanctions." 3) Robertson, "A bond in blood sovereignly administered."

Auburn Affirmation

1) A document issued in 1924 by liberal Presbyterian ministers that argued for toleration of a wide variety of views in the church as a means to maintaining unity. 2) The affirmation was a major event in the fundamentalist/liberal controversy of the early 20th century.

What is a licentiate? In what areas is a prospective licentiate examined?

1) A licentiate is a man who is licensed to preach on a regular basis within the bounds of a Presbytery. 2) A prospective licentiate is examined in Christian experience, sense of call, bible, theology, and BCO.

What is a mission church? How does it become a particular church?

1) A mission church has no permanent governing body, so it must be governed by others. Its goal is to mature and be organized as a particular church as soon as this can be done decently and in order. 2) A mission church becomes a particular church through three steps: - The Presbytery receives and approves a petition from the mission church, appointing a time and date for a service of organization. - The Presbytery hears testimonies from members of the church, and examines applicants for admission to the church on profession of faith. - Members of the church enter into covenant with the PCA.

What is a miracle?

1) A supernatural act of God in which he works without, above or against his ordinary means of providence. 2) God's "ordinary means of providence" include his upholding of the universe by working through second causes and the laws of nature.

Do miracles occur today? Explain.

1) According to the above definition, yes miracles occur today. They are rare, but they occur. 2) For example, if God answers a prayer for healing, and the cause is not detectable by scientific methods, it is likely that a miracle has occurred.

Define and distinguish the active and passive obedience of Christ. (Defend w/Scripture)

1) Active obedience = perfect and complete obedience to the law. - Phil. 3:9, "Not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ." - Gal. 4:4, "When the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law." 2) Passive obedience = suffering on the cross for sinners. - Phil. 2:8, "And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross." - Gal. 3:13, "Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us."

Genesis (outline) [6 names]

1) Adam (1-5) 2) Noah (6-11) 3) Abraham (12-23) 4) Isaac and Jacob (24-36) 5) Joseph (37-50)

What censures may the church impose?

1) Admonition 2) Suspension from the Lord's Supper 3) Excommunication 4) Suspension from office 5) Deposition from office

Defend the Reformed view of the mode of baptism against the Baptist view.

1) Although βαπτιζω and its cognates can mean immersion, the word does not only mean immersion. o Heb. 9:10 uses βαπτισμα to refer to the various ceremonial washings of the old covenant, and then refers to those same washings in terms of sprinkling in vv. 13, 19 and 21. V. 22 says that these washings symbolized purification with blood for the forgiveness of sins. 2) Purification from sin is precisely what baptism signifies (John 3:25-27; Acts 2:38). o This purification is described in terms of sprinkling, not only in Heb. 9, but also in Heb. 10:22 and Ezek. 36:25-26. 3) Baptism also signifies regeneration by the Holy Spirit (Tit. 3:4-5), and Scripture often speaks of the Spirit being poured out (Joel 2:28-29; Acts 2:33; 10:45). 4) This is why sprinkling or pouring are the prescribed modes of baptism. 5) But immersion is permitted, because it can also symbolize purification.

The Westminster Assembly

1) An assembly primarily composed of Puritans that met from 1643-1647 to advise the Long Parliament on reforming the Church of England along Puritan and Presbyterian lines. Produced the Westminster Standards. 2) Most of their work was undone with the restoration of the monarchy. 3) But the Westminster Standards became the greatest and most influential Reformed confession and catechisms.

What principles should guide our interpretation of Scripture?

1) Analogy of Faith 2) Grammatical-Historical Exegesis 3) Covenant Theology

Briefly discuss the development of covenant theology.

1) Ancient theologians such as Irenaeus and Augustine gave some reflection to the concept of covenant. 2) But covenant theology as we know it today began in the 16th century with Zwingli, who emphasized the Abrahamic covenant as a model for the Christian's relationship to God. o In his debates with the Anabaptists, Zwingli used the covenant as his argument for the Reformed understanding of infant baptism. 3) Bullinger wrote the first treatise on covenant theology, in which he argued that all of Scripture must be seen in light of the Abrahamic covenant. 4) Calvin also makes extensive use of the Covenant, and two of his students made significant advances in covenant theology. o Ursinus first spoke of a pre-fall covenant of works, and Olevianus presented the idea of an eternal covenant between the Father and Son for the salvation of man. 5) In the 17th century, Cocceius was the first to use the covenant as the basic framework for organizing theology. 6) The covenant of works and grace achieved creedal status in the Westminster Standards. 7) During the 20th century, largely due to the work of Meredith Kline, scholars came to view the biblical covenants through the framework of the ancient Near Eastern Suzerain-Vassal treaty.

What is "annihilationism?" Evaluate it biblically.

1) Annihilationism teaches that the reprobate are destroyed completely (annihilated) after the final judgment, rather than facing eternal punishment. 2) Many passages clearly teach that punishment in hell is eternal... o Matt. 25:41, 46 describe hell as "eternal fire" and "eternal punishment." o Isa. 66:24 says of the reprobate, "Their worm will not die, their fire shall not be quenched." o Jude 1:7 and Matt. 18:8 speak of a punishment of eternal fire.

What determines which books belong in the canon?

1) Apostolicity: written by the apostles or their associates (Luke --> Paul; Mark --> Peter). 2) Orthodoxy: conforms to the teachings of the apostles and the books written by them. 3) Catholicity: accepted early and by a majority of the Church.

What are the three options for the temporal government of a mission church?

1) Appoint an evangelist. 2) Appoint the Session of a particular church to serve as a temporary Session. 3) Appoint a commission to serve as a temporary Session.

Distinguish the Reformed and Arminian understandings of these doctrines.

1) Arminians believe in conditional election. The condition for election is faith, and God predestined people based on his foreknowledge of who would believe. 2) In contrast, Calvinists believe in unconditional election. God chooses people not based on anything in them, but because of his own good pleasure according to the counsel of his will, by free grace alone (Eph. 1:5, 11; 2:8-9). 3) God then gives his elect the faith to believe through the Holy Spirit (Acts 13:48). 4) For Arminians, assurance rests in man's ability to believe. 5) For Calvinists, assurance rests in God's grace and power.

Summarize each vow.

1) Authority of Scripture 2) Adopt Confession & Catechism of the Church. Promise to notify the Session if one's views change. 3) Approve of Form of Government and discipline of PCA? 4) Accept and Promise to faithful discharge one's duties as officer. 5) Promise subjection to your brethren in the Lord (fellow elders, deacons). 6.) Promise to pursue purity, peace, unity and edification of the church.

Identify and defend the four characteristics of Scripture?

1) Authority: Because God is the author of Scripture, it is the ultimate authority for faith and life (2 Pet. 1:16-21 [Peter places the Word above his own eye-witness experience]). The Bible is the ultimate authority on all matters about which it speaks (including history). This pertains to Scripture itself, not to human interpretations of Scripture. 2) Necessity: The Scriptures are necessary for revealing the knowledge of God and his Son Jesus Christ that is essential for salvation (2 Tim. 3:15; Rom. 10:17). 3) Perspicuity: Scripture clearly reveals that which is necessary for salvation, so that it can be understood by the learned and unlearned alike through the use of ordinary means (Deut. 30:10-14; Ps. 119:30). Salvation in Christ is not a secret that requires priestly mediation of the Scriptures to make it understandable. Scripture is clear enough that the unlearned can have sufficient knowledge of salvation through it. 4) Sufficiency: The Bible contains everything necessary to accomplish the purpose for which it was written: to reveal salvation in Christ and guide us in our response of obedience [faith and life] (2 Tim. 3:15-17; Jn. 20:30-31; Deut. 29:29). Scripture does not need tradition or any other source of knowledge added to it to accomplish its purposes. o Sufficiency does not mean: • that the believer does not need other sources of knowledge in other areas of life, • or that all true theological propositions are explicitly stated in a biblical text (WCF 1.6: by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture).

Cite at least four NT references showing parallels between the OT and NT with regard to sacraments.

1) Baptism and circumcision o Col. 2:11-12 o Acts 2:39, cf. Gen. 17:9-12 2) Lord's Supper and Passover o Matt. 26:26-28, cf. Ex. 12 o 1 Cor. 10:16-18 (Israel eating sacrifices)

What are the most common objections that Baptists raise against infant baptism, and how would you respond?

1) Baptism is a sign of justification by faith, and therefore should not be administered before faith is present. o Response: Circumcision was a sign and seal of justification by faith, just like baptism (Rom. 4:11; Gal. 3:26-27), yet God commanded that circumcision be administered to infants (Gen. 17:9-12). So clearly God does not share the assumption that a sign of faith should not be administered to children before faith is present. 2) Infant baptism is nowhere in Scripture. o Response: This objection fails to see the connection between baptism and circumcision. -- Circumcision was the sign the covenant the Old Testament, and it was administered to infants because God considered them part of his covenant people (Gen. 17:9-12). -- In the new covenant, circumcision has been replaced with baptism (Col. 2:11-12). Yet Acts 2:38-39 indicates that the command to administer the covenant sign to our children continues.

Why is immersion permitted but not necessary?

1) Baptism signifies purification from sin (John 3:25-27; Acts 2:38). o This purification is described in terms of sprinkling in Heb. 9:10-22, Heb. 10:22 and Ezek. 36:25-26. 2) Baptism also signifies regeneration by the Holy Spirit (Tit. 3:4-5), and Scripture often speaks of the Spirit being poured out (Joel 2:28-29; Acts 2:33; 10:45). 3) This is why sprinkling or pouring are the prescribed modes of baptism. 4) But immersion is permitted, because it can also symbolize purification.

Defend the Reformed view of baptism against the Baptist view.

1) Baptist View: Baptism is a sign of faith and a public profession of faith, and as such it should only be administered to believers, not their children. 2) Objection: Scripture never describes baptism as a public profession of faith, or something we do (though faith is required to appropriate the grace offered in baptism). Rather, baptism is a sign and seal of what God has done on our behalf through his Son (Rom. 4:11-12; 6:3-4; Col. 2:11-12). 3) Objection: Baptists fail to recognize the connection between circumcision and baptism. Circumcision was a sign and seal of the righteousness of faith, just like baptism (Rom. 4:11; Gal. 3:26-27), yet God commanded that circumcision be administered to infants (Gen. 17:9-12).

Defend the Reformed view of the Lord's Supper against the Baptist view.

1) Baptist View: The Lord's Supper is merely a memorial, not an actual means of grace. Christ is not present in the elements, but rather they are only symbols of his body and blood. 2) Objection: In 1 Cor. 10:16 Paul says that partaking in the Lord's Supper is participating in the body and blood of Christ. This means that real grace is conferred, and that there is more than a symbolic connection between the sign and the thing (Person) signified. 3) Objection: A mere memorial cannot account for the need to examine ourselves, or for God's judgment on those who partake in an unworthy manner (1 Cor. 11:27-29). 4) The severity of the penalties for partaking in an unworthy manner compels us to see the relationship between the sign and the thing (Person) signified.

Can believers keep God's law? Explain.

1) Because believers are new creations in Christ who have been regenerated by the Holy Spirit, it is possible for them to obey God's law (Eph. 4:24; Col. 3:10). 2) But they will never be able to keep God's law perfectly in this life, because there still abides some remnants of corruption in every part of man, which results in a war between the flesh and the Spirit (1 Jn. 1:8; Rom. 7:18-24).

Define and discuss the covenant of grace.

1) Because man was unable to obtain life through the covenant of works, the Lord was pleased to make a second covenant, called the covenant of grace, in which he freely offers sinners life and salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ (Gen. 3:15; 15:6; Heb. 8:8-12, cf. Jer. 31:31-34; Rom. 3:23-25; Eph. 2:8-9). 2) God progressively instituted the covenant of grace through the proto-euangelion of Gen. 3:15, and his covenants with Noah (Gen. 8:20-9:17), Abraham (Gen. 12:1-3; 15:1-21; 17:1-14), Moses (Ex. 19-24), David (2 Sam. 7:1-17), and culminating in the new covenant (Jer. 31:31-34; Heb. 8:8-12).

Discuss the biblical teaching regarding predestination, election and reprobation.

1) Before the foundation of the world, according to the counsel of his will, God chose some for eternal life, to the praise of his glorious grace (Rom. 8:28-30; 9:11-24; Eph. 1:3-14). 2) He passed by the others, thereby ordaining them to eternal punishment for their sin, to the praise of his glorious justice (Rom. 9:10-13, 22-24; 8:29-30; Eph. 1:3-14). o Predestination: God's action of foreordaining some to eternal life and others to eternal punishment (Rom. 8:29; Eph. 1:3-14). Note: election and reprobation are the two parts of predestination. o Election: God's action of choosing some people for salvation through Jesus Christ (Rom. 9:10-13). o Reprobation: God's action of passing over some people, thereby ordaining them to eternal punishment for their sin (Rom. 9:22-24).

Are believers under obligation to the law today? Explain.

1) Believers are not saved by obeying the law, but by grace alone through faith alone (Eph. 2:8-9). 2) The ceremonial laws were abrogated with the coming of Christ (Heb. 9:9-12). The civil laws expired with the state of Israel and no longer apply to us any further than their general equity may require (Rom. 13:1-7; 1 Cor. 9:8-10). 3) Believers are under obligation to the moral law today, because it is a perfect rule of righteousness that guides us in responding to our salvation with obedience (Matt. 5:17-19; 1 Jn. 2:1-6). 4) Three Purposes of the Law: - The first purpose of the law is to be a mirror. On the one hand, the law of God reflects and mirrors the perfect righteousness of God. The law tells us much about who God is. Perhaps more important, the law illumines human sinfulness. - A second purpose for the law is the restraint of evil. The law, in and of itself, cannot change human hearts. It can, however, serve to protect the righteous from the unjust. - The third purpose of the law is to reveal what is pleasing to God. As born-again children of God, the law enlightens us as to what is pleasing to our Father, whom we seek to serve. Jesus said, "If you love Me, keep My commandments" (John 14:15). This is the highest function of the law, to serve as an instrument for the people of God to give Him honor and glory. 5) What do you mean by "general equity?" o Behind the specific civil laws there are general principles, and these principles apply today. For example, Ex. 21:33 says that if someone digs a pit and forgets to cover it up, and another person's donkey falls into it, the person who dug the pit has to give the other person the full price for his donkey. The general principle behind this deals with negligence and restitution. If your negligence causes damage to another person or their property, you must make full restitution. This is the principle of general equity behind the law that still applies today.

How do these disciplines (Biblical, Historical, and Practical Theology) relate to systematic theology?

1) Biblical and historical theology are foundational to systematic theology. We develop theology through exegesis and synthesis of different passages of Scripture, in light of what the church has believed down through the centuries. 2) Practical theology is the result of systematic theology. The church's practice is ordered according to theological beliefs.

In what way is man created in the image of God?

1) Broader Image: refers to man's essential nature as a creature of God. Man is a spiritual, rational, moral and immortal being who was created as the steward over God's creation (Gen. 1:26-28; Js. 3:9). This Imago Dei WAS NOT lost at the fall. I would also add the descriptions "royal" (Ferguson) and "relational" (Barth). 2) Narrow Image: refers to man as created in conformity to God's moral nature, endowed with knowledge, righteousness, and holiness (Eph. 4:24; Col. 3:10). This Imago Dei WAS completely lost at the fall.

What are the two ways in which discipline is conceived?

1) Broadly—as discipleship, general accountability, informal correction, censure 2) Narrowly—as formal judicial process

Defend the Reformed view of baptism against the Catholic view.

1) Catholic View: Baptismal regeneration. Through the sacrament of baptism the recipient is regenerated. 2) Objection: baptismal regeneration nullifies the need for faith to make baptism effective (Col. 2:11-12), and in Acts 10 Cornelius receives the Holy Spirit and is regenerated before he is baptized.

Defend the Reformed view of the Lord's Supper against the Catholic view.

1) Catholic View: Transubstantiation. Through the words of consecration the bread and wine are transformed into the actual body and blood of Christ. 2) Objection: Catholics pair the doctrine of transubstantiation with the doctrine of the mass, and teach that through the Lord's Supper Christ is actually sacrificed again and the benefits of his death are applied to believers. This contradicts the once-for-all nature of Christ's sacrifice (Heb. 10:11-14). 3) Objection: By definition, a sacrament is a sensible sign. If the elements transform into the actual body and blood of Christ, they are no longer a sign, and the Supper ceases to be a sacrament. 4) Objection: Christ cannot be physically present in the Lord's Supper, because Acts 3:21 says that he is physically present in heaven until the restoration of all things.

What are the main viewpoints on the canon?

1) Catholic and Eastern Orthodox: the 66 books of the Bible, as well as the 7 books of the Apocrypha, are accepted as canonical. 2) Protestant: only the 66 books of the Bible are canonical.

With what court should charges be filed? What must be done before formal charges are brought? When must a formal judicial process be pursued?

1) Charges should be filed with the lowest court that has jurisdiction (Presbytery for TE's, Session for all other members). 2) Before formal charges are brought, steps must be taken to reclaim the offender as prescribed in Matt. 18:15-18. 3) A formal judicial process must be pursued if the accused does not confess to the offense and repent.

Explain and defend the Virgin Birth.

1) Christ became man by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, in the womb of the virgin Mary, and born of her, yet without sin (Lk. 1:26-38; Isa. 7:14). 2) The doctrine of the Virgin Birth is essential to maintaining the sinlessness of Christ. The fact that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, rather than a human man, means that he did not descend from Adam by ordinary generation, and therefore was not subject to the imputed guilt or inherited corruption that results from Adam's first sin.

In whom has Christ vested his authority in the church and how far does this authority extend? 3-1

1) Christ's Power Vested in: The entire body, rulers and ruled. (Eph. 4:15-16; 5:23-24) 2) Christ's Power Extends: Even to the choice of officers. (Eph. 4:11; Acts 20:28)

What is the power of the church and how does it differ from that of the state? 3-4

1) Church - Spiritual discipline - Divine Revelation-declarative - No right to construct civil government 2) State - Corporal discipline—exercise force human reason - Legislative - No right to frame creed or church

What is the relationship between church and state?

1) Church and state are separate institutions that each exercise God-given authority over their respective spheres of society (Matt. 22:21). 2) The state should not make any laws that interfere with the church.

Compare common grace and special grace.

1) Common = the grace God gives to all of His creatures, which does not lead to salvation (Matt. 5:45, "For he makes the sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and the unjust."). 2) Special = the grace God gives to His elect, which does lead to salvation (regeneration, justification, sanctification, etc.) (Rom. 8:28-30, "For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son.").

What steps must be followed in electing ruling elders or deacons?

1) Communicant members submit nominations to the Session. 2) Nominees receive training for the office. 3) Each nominee is examined in Christian experience, Bible, theology, the duties of his office, his willingness to take the vows for his office. 4) The Session calls a congregational meeting, and presents the men it deems fit for office to be elected by the congregation.

What are two kinds of members within the church and what are their respective rights and privileges? 6-1, 2; 46-4

1) Communing o Profession of faith, baptized, admitted to Lord's supper o Entitled to all rights and privileges: pastoral oversight, instruction and discipline, government, vote (18 years or older), hold office, etc. 2) Non-communing (see BCO 28) o Not entitled to all rights and privileges o Minors: Baptized, pastoral oversight, instruction and discipline, government o Adult: Baptized, pastoral oversight, instruction, government. 3) Associate members o Defined: Members temporarily residing in a location other than their permanent homes o Privileges: all rights and privileges except voting and holding office

Relate the writing of the Pauline Epistles to the life of Paul.

1) Conversion - 33 AD - Acts 9 2) First Journey - 46-48 AD - Acts 13-14 - (1) Galatians [if after 1st journey] 3) Second Journey - 49-52 AD - Acts 15-18 - (2) 1 & 2 Thessalonians 4) Third Journey - 53-57 AD - Acts 18-21 - (3) 1 & 2 Corinthians; Romans 5) First Imprisonment (Caesarea & Rome) - 57-62 AD - Acts 21-28 - (4) Prison Letters (Eph; Phil; Col; Phlm) 6) Fourth Journey & Second Imprisonment (Rome): - 62-68 AD - (3) Pastoral Letters (1 & 2 Tim.; Titus)

Vatican II

1) Council convened by Pope John XXIII between 1962-1965 to bring renewal to the Catholic Church. 2) Mass was to be in the vernacular, rather than Latin 3) Promoted the authority of Scripture, and increased its use in liturgy and the education of clergy 4) Acknowledged Protestants and Greek Orthodox as fellow Christians

Vatican I

1) Council convened by Pope Pius IX in 1869-1870, which defined Catholic beliefs concerning the relationship between God, faith and reason, and sanctioned the doctrine of papal infallibility. 2) Papal Infallibility: the magisterium (doctrinal authority) of the pope is infallible when he is exercising his office as pastor and teacher of all Christians.

Give a general outline of Old Testament history from the perspective of the covenant.

1) Covenant of Works o Adamic: - Promise: Life - Condition: Obedience - Sign: Tree of Life - Reference: Gen. 1-3 2) Covenant of Grace o Noahic: - Promise: Never destroy earth through flood - Condition: None stated - Sign: Rainbow - Reference: Gen. 9 o Abrahamic: - Promise: Seed, Land, Blessing to the World - Condition: Walk before God and be blameless; faith - Sign: Circumcision - Reference: Gen. 12; 15; 17 o Mosaic: - Promise: Blessed life in the land as God's people - Condition: Obedience to the Mosaic Law - Sign: Passover (Ex. 13); Sabbath (Ex. 31) - Reference: Ex. 19 - Deut. o Davidic: - Promise: David dynasty will be established forever - Condition: Covenant faithfulness of David heirs - Sign: None stated - Reference: 2 Sam. 7; 1 Kgs. 2; 1 Chr. 17 o New: - Promise: Renewal of covenant promises, new heart, all of God's people will know Him. - Condition: None stated in OT - Sign: None stated in OT (NT: Baptism; Lord's Supper) - Reference: Jer. 31:31-34; Ezek. 36:26-28

What is "Covenant Theology?" Why is it important?

1) Covenant theology is a theological framework that views the covenant as the means God uses to relate to humanity, and that sees the various covenants of Scripture as being organically related to one another. 2) Covenant theology is important because it gives us a framework for interpreting all of redemptive history, and it maintains the unity and continuity of the Old and New Testaments. o Continuity of the covenant of grace (same way of salvation in the Old and New Testaments). o Continuity of the people of God (Israel and the Church). o Continuity of the covenant signs (circumcision and baptism).

Give a general outline of biblical history, including key dates.

1) Creation (Date: UNK): Adam & Eve (Gen. 1-3) 2) Flood (Date: UNK): Noah (Gen. 6-10) 3) Patriarchs (2100 BCE): Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph (Gen. 12-50; Job?) 4) Exodus (1446 BCE or 1260 BCE): Moses (Exodus; Deut) 5) Conquest (1406 BCE): Joshua (Joshua) 6) Judges (1375 BCE): Othniel, Ehud, Deborah/Barak, Gideon, Jephthah, Samson, Samuel (Judges; 1 Sam; Ruth) 7) United Kingdom (1050 BCE): Saul, David, Solomon/40 years each (1 & 2 Sam; 1 Kgs; 1 & 2 Chr; Poetical Books [Psalms; Proverbs; Ecclesiastes; Song of Solomon]) 8) Divided Kingdom (1 & 2 Kgs; 2 Chr; Prophetic Books and some Psalms) A. (930 BCE) Israel and Judah (Isaiah) B. (720 BCE) Judah alone (Jeremiah) 9) Exile (586 BCE/Judah): Ezekiel, Daniel (2 Kgs; Ezek; Dan) 10) Return/Post-Exilic (538 BCE): Zerubbabel, Ezra, Nehemiah (Ezra; Nehemiah; Esther; Haggai; Zechariah; Malachi) 11) Inter-Testamental (400 BCE): Apocrypha 12) Life of Christ (4 BCE): Jesus & Apostles (Matt; Mark; Luke; John) 13) Early Church (33 AD): Apostles/Peter, Paul, John (Acts; Pauline Epistles; General Epistles; Revelation)

Where did man's soul come from? When?

1) Creationism: The soul of each person is created directly by God and united with their body some time between conception and birth, but the exact time cannot be determined (Ecc. 12:7, "Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it."; Ps. 139:13, "You knit me together in my mother's womb."; Zech. 12:1, "the Lord, who...formed the spirit of man within him.") 2) Traducianism: souls are propagated by generation, and therefore transmitted to children by parents. Biggest objection: traducianism fails to separate Christ from the guilt of original sin. All mankind, descending from Adam by ordinary generation, sinned in him and fell with him. This includes Mary, and if Christ's soul was inherited from her, then he shares in the guilt of original sin.

Daniel (outline)

1) Daniel's Story (1-6) 2) Daniel's Prophecy (7-12)

Define and defend the "inerrancy" of Scripture.

1) Define: The Bible is without error in its original manuscripts. 2) Defend: Basic syllogism that proves the inerrancy of Scripture: o God does not lie (Num. 23:19, "God is not man, that he should lie."). o God cannot be mistaken (Heb. 4:13, "No creature is hidden from his sight."). o The Bible is the Word of God (2 Tim. 3:16, "All Scripture is breathed out by God."). o Therefore, the Bible is inerrant.

Define definitive and progressive sanctification.

1) Definitive Sanctification is an ACT of God's free grace in which he sets us apart from the dominion of sin by uniting us to Christ in his death and resurrection, so that we become dead to sin and alive to God through Christ Jesus (Rom. 6:11-14; 8:1-4). 2) Progressive Sanctification is a WORK of God's grace in which we are increasingly conformed to the image of Christ throughout our lives (Rom. 6:22; Phil. 2:12-13). 3) Definitive sanctification is a one-time act of God's grace, whereas progressive sanctification is on-going.

Define and refute "Ebionism". Is this heresy held today?

1) Denies the deity of Christ, claiming that Christ was a great prophet indwelt by the Holy Spirit and adopted as the Son of God at his baptism. 2) Started with poor ("Ebionites") palestinian Jewish Christians. 3) Similar to the Islamic view of Christ as a great prophet (second only to Muhammed), but not the divine Son of God, incarnate Logos, etc.

Define and refute "Arianism". Is this heresy held today?

1) Denies the deity of Christ, teaching that Jesus was a created being who was subordinate to the Father in his essence, and not eternal. 2) Refutation: Uses "firstborn" language, but this term is actually used as a status regarding rights and inheritance in the OT. Arianism wrongly takes "firstborn" literally (Arius: "there was a time when Christ was not."). - Jesus is of the same substance as the Father and equal to him (Col. 2:9; Phil. 2:6). - Jesus is eternal (Jn. 8:58; Rev. 22:13). 3) Arius and Athanasius fought it out at the Council of Nicea in 325 AD. 4) Held today by liberal theologians and Jehovah's witnesses.

Define and refute "Apollinarianism". Is this heresy held today?

1) Denies the full humanity of Christ. Human physiology inhabited by a divine psychology, and thus the humanity of Christ is incomplete (i.e. no human soul). The Divine nature occupies the place of the human soul in the person of Christ. 2) Refutation: Heb. 2:17 says Jesus had to be made like us in every respect, so that he would become a merciful and faithful high priest. 3) Refuted at Council of Constantinople in 381 AD. 4) FF Bruce thinks that many Evangelicals believe Jesus had a human body but a divine soul/mind.

Define and refute "Docetism". Is this heresy held today?

1) Denies the humanity of Christ, claiming that he only appeared human (δοκειν ["to seem]). Based on belief that the material world is evil and thus doubted his physical body and sufferings. 2) Refutation: By stressing the humanity of Christ it means he can identify with us in all ways except sin (Heb. 4:15) - Heb. 2:14 (Jesus partook of flesh and blood) - Jn. 1:14 (The Word became flesh) - Jn. 20:24-28 (Tomas touches Jesus' wounds) 3) Popular among gnostics, who believed the material realm was not good (modern Buddhism).

What practical use is the doctrine of the final judgment?

1) Deters men from sin 2) Consoles the godly facing adversity 3) Shakes off carnal security 4) Creates a watchfulness - 2 Pet. 3:1-14

What are the constituent elements of human nature? Explain dichotomy and trichotomy.

1) Dichotomy: Man is composed of two distinct parts: body (material) and soul (spiritual). 2) Trichotomy: Man is composed of a body, a soul (which is the seat of the will, affections, desires and emotions) and a spirit (which is capable of God-consciousness and communication with God). • The biblical view is dichotomy. o Scripture uses the terms "soul" and "spirit" interchangeably. It refers to man as "body and soul" (Matt. 10:28), and as "body and spirit" (1 Cor. 5:3, 5). Death is described as giving up the soul (Gen. 35:18) and as giving up the spirit (Lk. 23:46). The immaterial element of the dead is described as both soul (Rev. 20:4) and spirit (Heb. 12:23).

Defend the Deity of Christ.

1) Direct Affirmations of Christ's Deity: o Jn. 10:30, "I and the Father are one." o Col. 1:15, "He is the image of the invisible God." o Col. 2:9 "For in him the whole fullness of Deity dwells bodily." o Heb. 1:3 "He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the Word of his power." o Phil. 2:6 "...Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God..." 2) We know Jesus is God because the names, attributes, works and worship of God are all attributed to him... o Names: Christ is called "God" - Jn. 1:1, 14, "In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God." - Seven "I AM" Statements in John: Uses the words God uses to identify himself to Moses in Ex. 3:14. - Jn. 20:28 "Thomas answered him, 'My Lord and my God!'" - Rom. 9:5 "Christ, who is God over all..." - 2 Pet. 1:1, "Our God and Savior Jesus Christ." - Tit. 2:3 "Our great God and Savior Jesus Christ." - Isa. 9:6 "Mighty God" - "Lord," the Septuagint translation of Yahweh (Jn. 20:28; Lk. 1:43; 2:11; 1 Cor. 8:6; Phil. 2:11) o Attributes - Omnipotence: walked on water and fed the 5,000 in Jn. 6; stilled the storm in Mark 4, exorcised demons/healed disease/raised Jairus's daughter from the dead in Mark 5. - Omniscience: Jn. 4, 16, 21 - Omnipresence: Jn. 20; Mt. 28:19-20 - Eternity: Jn. 8:58; Rev. 22:13 o Works - Creation and upholding of the universe (Heb. 1:3, "He upholds the world by the word of his power."; Jn. 1:1-3, 14) - Governing the world (Isa. 9:7, "And the government shall be upon his shoulder.") - Forgiving sin (Lk. 9) o Worship (Mt. 28; Phil. 2:9-11; Rev. 5:12-13)

For what USE is church power to be exercised? 3-5

1) Edification of the church (Eph. 4:11-16) 2) Government of the church (1 Tim. 5:17) 3) Propagation of the faith (Eph 4:11-16) 4) Evangelization of the world (Matt 28:18-20)

What are the names of the elder? (Defend w/ Scripture) 8-1

1) Elder, presbyter (πρεσβυτερος) = rule, wise counsel, direct (1 Pet. 5:1; 1 Tim. 5:17) 2) Overseer, bishop (επισκοπος) = oversight, manage (1 Pet. 5:2b; 1 Tim 3:1; Tit 1.7) 3) Pastor, shepherd (ποιμην [n] ποιμαινω [v]) = feed, care, protect (1 Pet. 5:2a; Eph. 4:11)

Define the three basic forms of church government.

1) Episcopal: the church is governed through a hierarchy with priests or rectors over the local church, and bishops over regions. In the Catholic Church, the pope is over the whole denomination. o Catholic, Anglican 2) Congregational: There is no authority over the local congregation. Typically the local church is governed by a board of deacons or elders. o Baptist churches 3) Presbyterian: The church is governed through a hierarchy of courts, with the Session over the local church, the Presbytery over a region, and the General Assembly over the entire denomination. o This is a representative form of church government, in which the local congregation elects elders to be members of the courts that lead them.

Define the three basic forms of church government.

1) Episcopal: the church is governed through a hierarchy with priests or rectors over the local church, and bishops over regions. In the Catholic Church, the pope is over the whole denomination. o Catholic, Anglican 2) Congregational: There is no authority over the local congregation. Typically the local church is governed by a board of deacons or elders. o Baptist churches 3) Presbyterian: The church is governed through a hierarchy of courts, with the Session over the local church, the Presbytery over a region, and the General Assembly over the entire denomination. o This is a representative form of church government, in which the local congregation elects elders to be members of the courts that lead them.

In what two ways is church authority exercised? 3-2

1) Exercised Severally: individually and singly (e.g., preaching, sacraments, counseling, visiting, reproving) • This is the power of order. 2) Exercised Jointly: united, together in church courts. • This is the power of jurisdiction.

How is "fencing the table" practiced during the Lord's Supper? Or, What is "fencing the table"?

1) Fencing the table is a verbal warning of the dangers of eating the Lord's Supper in an unworthy manner (1 Cor. 11:27-29). 2) We ask people to abstain from the Lord's Supper if they are... o An unbeliever (1 Cor. 10:16-17; 11:27-29); o In a conflict with a brother or sister in Christ and refusing to be reconciled (Matt. 5:24) (cf. 1 Cor. 10:16-18, connects Lord's Supper with OT sacrifices).

When was the first GA? When was the first BCO published?

1) First GA: 1789 2) First BCO had been published in 1788, which restructured the church from one synod into 16 presbyteries, 3 synods and the general assembly. 3) Effort was largely led by John Witherspoon, president of Princeton and signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Donatism

1) Fourth century North Africans who started a separate church, and highly emphasized holiness and the purity of the visible church. Primary opponent was Augustine. 2) Donatism started after the persecutions of Diocletian, when the Donatists refused to accept back into the church those who had poured a libation to the emperor or had forfeited Bibles to be burned.

Who was the first Presbyterian minister in the US?

1) Francis Makemie 2) Immigrated to the US in 1682 from Northern Ireland 3) Recruited pastors effectively

How is an ordained minister received into a presbytery?

1) From another Presbytery in the PCA: examined in Christian experience, and touching on their views of theology, sacraments and church government. 2) From another denomination: full examination like a candidate for ordination.

Define and distinguish general revelation and special revelation.

1) General Revelation: God's manner of revealing himself through creation and providence (Psa. 19:1-3; Rom. 1:19-20). This leaves man without excuse, yet it is not sufficient to give man the knowledge of God and his will that is necessary for salvation. - Universe - History - Imago Dei 2) Special Revelation: God's manner of revealing himself, and the way of salvation, through Jesus Christ and his Word (Deut. 29:29; 2 Tim. 3:15). - God-Appearances (theophanies) - Prophecies (God's communication of His thoughts and will) - Miracles (saving deeds/intervention)

What is the purpose of church censures?

1) Glory of God (Rom. 2:24) 2) Purity of the Church (1 Cor. 5:7) 3) Restoration of the sinner (Matt. 18:15; Gal. 6:1)

Eight (8) Principles summarized in Three Points:

1) God alone is Lord of the conscience 2) Church Power or Authority o Ministerial and declarative as opposed to Magisterial and Legislative o Terms Defined: -- Magisterial = able to "force, compel" men's wills or bind men's consciences upon pain of punishment (Lk. 22:24-27; Rom. 13:1-7). Key: Power of the sword. -- Ministerial = servants and stewards of God's Word to God's people (1 Cor. 4:1; 3:5; Matt. 16:19; 18:18; 20:26; Lk. 22:24-27). Key: Power of the keys of the kingdom. -- Legislative Power = able to make laws (Mk. 7:8-9). -- Declarative = able to declare Christ's law. Officers declare, explain, and apply Christ's law as the Spirit clarifies the Scripture to their understanding (2 Tim. 4:2; Acts 20:20, 21, 27; 1 Tim. 4:13; Matt. 18:17-18). -- Conclusion: God as Creator and preserver gave the power of the sword to the state (physical punishment); Christ as Mediator gave the power of the keys to the church (preaching, sacraments, discipline). -- The state has authority to make laws and to corporally punish (incarcerate, physically compel) lawbreakers. The church has no authority to make laws since the Bible is the only rule of faith and practice. -- Hence, the church's authority is declarative—to declare Christ's law (gospel, sacraments and discipline) even to declaring a person excluded from Christ's church. The state seeks a person's physical well being. The church seeks a person's spiritual well being. 3) Freedom of Conscience: God has left the conscience free from the doctrines or commandments of men which are contrary to God's word or in matters of faith and worship, not governed by God's word. Rom. 14; Col. 2:20-23; WCF 20.

What is "Christian liberty?"

1) God alone is Lord of the conscience, and has left it free from the doctrines and commandments of men that are contrary to God's Word, or, in matters of faith and worship, not governed by God's Word (Rom. 14; 1 Cor. 10; Js. 4:12; Col. 2:20-23). 2) But Christian liberty does not give believers the freedom to practice sin (Gal. 5:13), or to oppose civil or ecclesiastical authority that is exercised in conformity to the Word of God and the light of nature (Rom. 13:1-7; 1 Pet. 2:13-16; Heb. 13:17).

List the eight preliminary principles in full.

1) God alone is Lord of the conscience. 2) Every Christian Church is entitled to declare the terms of its own membership, the qualifications of its ministers and members, and the form of its government. 3) Christ has appointed officers in his Church to preach the Gospel, administer the Sacraments, and to exercise discipline. 4) Godliness is founded on truth. 5) On matters where men of good character differ, it is the duty of both private Christians and societies to exercise mutual forbearance toward each other. 6) The power to elect persons to the exercise of authority in any particular society resides in that society. 7) All church power is only ministerial and declarative (1 Cor. 4:1; 2 Tim. 4:2). 8) Ecclesiastical discipline must be purely moral or spiritual, and must not be attended with any civil effects or the use of force.

If God is good and all-powerful, explain AIDS, deformed babies, natural disasters, etc.

1) God is all powerful, which means that he ordains both prosperity and tragedy. (Amos 3:6; Isa. 45:7). But God is also good, which means that everything he ordains is holy, including tragedy (Deut. 32:4). o Although suffering is painful, in his goodness God intends it to sanctify our faith (Rom. 5:3-5; 8:28-29; 2 Cor. 12:7-10). o It is only by walking through the valley of the shadow of death that we can truly learn to follow our shepherd. 2) The ultimate example of God's goodness working through suffering is the cross of Christ. From eternity God ordained that the willing suffering of his Son would result in the salvation of his people (Acts 2:23). 3) In the midst of suffering, we must hope in the resurrection and return of Christ. Jesus rose from the dead to defeat the curse of sin and death on behalf of his entire creation (1 Cor. 15:20-26). When he returns that victory will be complete, and there will be no more death, or mourning, or crying or pain (Rev. 21:4).

Discuss the guilt of sin and the corruption of sin.

1) Guilt: describes the sinner's judicial standing. He is deserving of punishment because his sin violated the law. Dealt with by justification (Rom. 3:19-26; 5:18-19). 2) Corruption/Pollution: describes the sinner's moral nature. He is inclined to evil, and from his corrupt nature proceeds all actual transgressions. Dealt with by sanctification (Gen. 6:5; Eph. 4:17-24).

Who were the Post-Exilic Prophets? What was their historical setting? What was their message?

1) Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Joel 2) Historical Setting: o Domestic: Israel is restored but under Persian control. They began rebuilding the temple, but work slowed to a stop as the influx of immigrants created other pressing concerns. Rebuilding resumed under Haggai and Zechariah, and the Temple was finally finished. o International: Persian Empire is the dominant power. 3) Message: o Haggai: Get back to rebuilding the temple. Judah's poverty is due to its spiritual malaise, and that malaise manifested itself in their failure to work on the temple. o Zechariah: God is still with his people. The promise to David still stands - the Messiah will come. God, who controls history, will vindicate himself, his Messiah, and his people. o Malachi: The revival under Haggai and Zechariah had worn off. It was now a time of basic self-centeredness, including insincere worship and neglect in paying tithes. Malachi was a precursor to the reforms of Ezra and Nehemiah. Israel must prepare for God's judgment and blessing by repenting and presenting the kind of lives he delights in. o Joel: Judgment turns to salvation through repentance. God's people are saved from his judgment when they repent and turn to him. Judgment = locusts in chs. 1-2, final judgment on the nations in ch. 3. Could have been written any time between the restoration and 350 B.C.

Name, locate and briefly discuss three of Jesus' miracles.

1) Healing the paralytic: Lk. 5:17-26 o Jesus demonstrates his power and authority to heal and to forgive sins. The man being lowered through the roof demonstrates that our faith must be strong enough to overcome obstacles. 2) Feeding the 5000: Jn. 6:1-15 o By feeding 5000 people with 5 loaves of bread and two fish, Jesus shows that he is the bread of life, and that we should seek our fill of him. 3) Raising Lazarus: Jn. 11:38-44 o Jesus delays his arrival so that he can display his power over death, and thereby strengthen the faith of his disciples. He also shows his compassion for hurting and broken people.

Defend the sinlessness of Christ.

1) Heb. 4:15, "For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who in every respect has been tempted as we are, yet without sin." 2) 2 Cor. 5:21, "For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God."

Socinianism

1) Heresy of the 16th - 18th centuries, created by Socinus, which rejected the deity of Christ, his atoning death, and the foreknowledge of God. 2) Taught that Jesus was merely a good teacher and example. 3) A forerunner of modern Unitarianism and Open Theism.

Define the various positions on the millennium, indicate which one you hold, and defend it from Scripture.

1) Historic Premillennialism: Christ will return before the millennium o At the end of the church age there will be a great tribulation o Christ will return and bind Satan o Resurrection of believers o The millennium: Christ and believers will reign over the earth o Satan will be released, final battle, Satan defeated o Resurrection of unbelievers o Judgment o New heavens, new earth 2) Dispensational Premillennialism: Just like historic, except: o Pre-tribulational rapture of the church o Literal fulfillment of OT prophecies concerning Israel during Christ's millennial reign. 3) Postmillennialism: Christ will return after the millennium o The church age will gradually evolve into the millennium through the progress of the gospel and the growth of the church. o At the end of the millennium, Christ will return o Resurrection of believers and unbelievers o Final Judgment o New heavens and new earth 4) Amillennialism: the millennium described in Rev. 20 is the present church age. o Christ will return at the end of the church age o Resurrection of believers and unbelievers o Final Judgment o New heavens and new earth 5) I hold to amillennialism over postmillennialism because a future golden age with a drastic reduction in evil is not possible before the return of Christ (Mt. 13:24-43; Lk. 18:8). (last days = Heb. 1:2; Acts 2; Joel 2:28) 6) I hold to amillennialism over premillennialism because the analogy of faith argues against a literal 1000-year reign of Christ on earth. We must interpret Scripture in light of Scripture. 7) The millennium is only mentioned in one passage (Rev. 20:1-6), which is in the genre of apocalyptic prophecy. This genre is notoriously symbolic and metaphorical, and it is a mistake to interpret it literally. Therefore, Rev. 20:1-6 should be interpreted in light of clearer passages of Scripture. The rest of Scripture speaks of two ages: this age and the age to come (Mk. 10:30; Eph. 1:21; Matt. 12:32; Lk. 18:30). There is no room in this structure for a hybrid age where Christ is reigning on the earth, yet his victory over sin and death has not been consummated. The rest of Scripture speaks of a general resurrection, where believers are raised to life and unbelievers are raised to judgment (Jn. 5:25-29; 1 Cor. 15:51-52). It is mistaken to go against the grain of this clear pattern by claiming there are two resurrections, with 1,000 years between them, all on the basis of one highly symbolic and metaphorical prophecy. The rest of Scripture also depicts the final judgment occurring immediately upon the return of Christ, not 1,000 years later (Matt. 25:38-46; 2 Pet. 3:4-13).

What duties do Christians owe one another?

1) Holy fellowship 2) Communion in worship 3) Mutual edification 4) Relieving of our outward needs (Heb. 10:24-25; Acts 2:42-47).

What are the attributes of the Church?

1) Holy: set apart from unbelief and sin, and dedicated to the service of God (1 Pet. 2:9; Eph. 5:27). 2) Catholic: unified with all those throughout the world who profess faith in Christ (1 Cor. 12; Eph. 2:11-22). 3) Apostolic: founded upon the authority and teachings of the apostles (Eph. 2:20).

How do we know that God's relationship with Adam was a covenant?

1) Hosea 6:7 explicitly describes God's relationship with Adam as a covenant. 2) Gen. 1-2 contains several key elements typically found in covenantal documents. o Preamble: Introduces Yahweh as the sovereign Creator and King (1:1-27) and Adam as the willing vassal under His rule (1:28-31). o Statement of Obligations: Adam is the steward over God's creation (1:28), and he is prohibited from eating of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (2:16-17). o Mediator: Adam by bearing the image of God to creation (1:28). o Declaration of blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience. - Blessings: The tree of life (2:9). - Curses: Adam will die if he eats of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (2:17).

What are the two states of Christ?

1) Humiliation (IPD): Incarnation, Passion, Descent into hell. Consisted in being born under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried and continuing under the power of death for a time (Phil. 2:6-8; Heb. 2:6-7). 2) Exaltation (RASP): Resurrection, Ascension, Session (at the Father's right hand), and Parousia (return to judge the world at the last day). Phil. 2:9-11; Heb. 2:7-9.

How would you deal with a family in your church who does not want their child baptized?

1) I would pray for them and do everything in my power to convince them of the truth and importance of infant baptism. I would take them through Children of the Promise by Randy Booth, as well as the relevant passages of Scripture. I would also impress upon them the seriousness of disobeying this command (Gen. 17:14). 2) If they were not convinced, I would ask them to attend another church. We cannot in good conscience allow people under our care to break God's covenant by withholding the covenant sign from their children (Gen. 17:14).

If someone came to you and asked to be baptized by immersion, how would you respond?

1) I would seek to understand why immersion was so important to them, and I would take them through the biblical evidence for sprinkling and pouring. 2) If they were still not convinced, I would ultimately refuse to baptize them by immersion. 3) The administration of the sacraments is under the authority of the Session, and therefore, I would only baptize in the mode authorized by the Session. 4) I would attempt to guide the Session towards sprinkling.

What would you say to a person in your congregation who is struggling with assurance of salvation?

1) I would try to give them hope, and suggest ways their assurance can be increased. 2) Hope: Ultimately their salvation depends on the power of God and the work of Christ. o I would take them to Jn. 10:28-29 and tell them that their salvation ultimately depends on the power of God. o Then I would take them to Rom. 8:31-39 and explain that because Christ died for them, nothing can separate them from the love of God. 3) Suggestions for increasing their assurance: make use of the means of grace. o Pray that God would give them assurance and help them trust his promises. o Read the Word, especially passages that teach assurance and speak of the faithfulness of God (Jn. 10:28-29; Rom. 8:31-39; Ex. 34:6-7; Heb. 6:17-18). o Partake of the Lord's Supper with special attention, because it nourishes our faith.

Can a person be baptized more than once?

1) If a person's baptism is lawfully administered, they should only be baptized once. 2) Baptism signifies and seals one-time acts of grace that are associated with initial salvation, such as in-grafting into Christ (Gal. 3:27), regeneration (Rom. 6:3-4), and cleansing from the guilt of sin (Acts 2:38). Because these are one-time acts, baptism should only be administered once.

What are the distinctive features John?

1) Image: Eagle (Transcendance/Immanence) 2) Written so that its readers would believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and by believing have life in his Name (20:31). 3) The most theologically rich gospel 4) Probably the last gospel written 5) Very high focus on Christ's teachings, compared to the other gospels 6) Appeals to Jews and Gentiles 7) Themes: The incarnation, the person of Christ, his relationship to the Father, importance of believing in Christ.

What are the distinctive features of Matthew?

1) Image: Human (Prophet) 2) Written to prove that Jesus is the Messiah, and to teach obedience to Jesus' commands. 3) The most "Jewish" gospel. 4) Stresses Jesus' fulfillment of OT prophecy.

What are the distinctive features of Mark?

1) Image: Lion (King) 2) Written to present the person, work and teaching of Jesus - the good news. 3) The shortest gospel, focusing more on Jesus' actions than his teachings. 4) Direct and fast-moving style carries us to the cross (i.e. "immediately") 5) Mark probably learned the content from Peter. 6) Probably the first gospel written.

What are the distinctive features Luke?

1) Image: Ox (Priest) 2) Written to assure disciples of the truth they have heard about Jesus by presenting an accurate account of his life and teachings (1:1-4). 3) The longest, most comprehensive, and historical gospel. 4) Themes: Prayer, the Holy Spirit, social reversal, the danger of wealth, the arrival of the Kingdom of God.

Conservative response to the liberalization of the PCUS.

1) In 1970, delegates from the four organizations formed a Conservative Caucus to organize their efforts. 2) In 1971, a Steering Committee was formed to organize a withdrawal from the denomination. 3) On December 4, 1973 the first General Assembly met at Briarwood Presbyterian Church in Birmingham, AL. o Moderator: Jack Williamson; Stated clerk: Morton H. Smith o For the first year of its existence, the PCA was named the National Presbyterian Church. • "Joining and Receiving": at the 1982 General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church Evangelical Synod joined the PCA.

Describe the relationship, if any, between baptism and regeneration.

1) In baptism, the grace of regeneration is offered and really exhibited, but baptism itself does not regenerate (Rom. 4:11). 2) Regeneration is a work of the Holy Spirit (Tit. 3:5). 3) Acts 10: Cornelius receives the Spirit and is regenerated before he is baptized.

If someone were to ask if you believe revelation is ongoing, how would you help them think through the issue? [Is the canon closed?]

1) In the church age, authoritative, inspired revelation is linked to the authoritative office of apostle. o The NT teaches that the apostles were given an authoritative office and entrusted with God's revelation, which they were to pass down and commit to writing (Eph. 2:20 ["household of God, built on the foundation of the apostles & prophets."]; Heb. 2:2-3; 2 Pet. 3:2, 15-16; 2 Thes. 2:15). o The inspired revelation of God ceased when the authoritative office of apostle ceased at the end of the first century. 2) But God does still speak to us by his Spirit through his Word. This is called illumination, but it must be distinguished from inspiration. o In inspiration, the Spirit gives a new Word from God. In illumination, the Spirit gives new understanding of the Word. o In inspiration, the Spirit speaks through prophets and apostles. In illumination, the Sprit speaks to all true believers. o Inspiration is complete and has ceased. Illumination is ongoing and deepening throughout all generations.

What are two types of attributes of God?

1) Incommunicable Attributes 2) Communicable Attributes

What is the difference between "inspiration" and "inerrancy"?

1) Inspiration concerns the authority of Scripture. It states that the author of Scripture is God. 2) Inerrancy concerns the reliability of Scripture. It states that Scripture is without error. 3) Inspiration is the foundation for inerrancy. We know the Bible is without error because it is the Word of God.

Greek Church Fathers

1) Irenaeus of Lyons (2nd) 2) Justin Martyr (2nd) 3) Clement of Alexandria (2nd) 4) Origen of Alexandria (3rd) 5) Athanasius of Alexandria (4th) 6) Cappadocian Fathers (4th) 7) Cyril of Alexandria (4th-5th) 8) Chyrsostom of Antioch (4th-5th) 9) John of Damascus (7th)

Is the will of man free? Explain.

1) It depends on what you mean by the term "free." 2) If by "free" you mean that human choices are made independently of all causes and forces external to the will, then the answer is no, the will of man is not free (Rom. 6:15-23; Prov. 21:1). 3) But if by "free" you mean that human beings act in accordance with their desires, then the answer is yes, the will of man is free. We have the freedom to do what we want (Matt. 15:18-20; Prov. 4:23). o The crucial point is that before conversion we only desire sin, but when we are converted God changes our desires, so that we desire righteousness (Eph. 2:1-11; Rom. 6:15-23). o Man's will in the biblical story: Created: possible to sin (Gen. 3) Fallen: not possible not to sin (Gen. 6:5; Rom. 3:9-18) Redeemed: possible not to sin (Rom. 6:17; Eph. 4:22-23) Glorified: not possible to sin (2 Pet. 3:13; 1 Cor. 15:49)

Southern Presbyterian Theologians of the 19th Century

1) James Henley Thornwell 2) Robert Lewis Dabney 3) Benjamin Morgan Palmer 4) John Girardeau

Jeremiah (outline)

1) Jeremiah's Call (1) 2) Judah's Sin (2-20) 3) Jeremiah's Confrontations (21-29) 4) Promise of Restoration (30-33) 5) Judgment on Judah (34-45) 6) Judgment on the Nations (46-51) 7) Jerusalem's Fall (52)

Explain and defend the orthodox doctrine of the person of Christ.

1) Jesus Christ is fully God and fully man. 2) He is the eternally begotten Son of God the Father, and is of one substance and equal with the Father (Phil. 2:6; Col. 2:9; Heb. 1:5). 3) When the fullness of time had come, Christ took upon himself a fully human nature, being conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary (Phil. 2:7-8; Lk. 1:26-38; Heb. 2:14).

Define the following names: 1) Jesus 2) Christ 3) Lord 4) Son of Man 5) Son of God 6) Lamb of God

1) Jesus: The Greek form of the Hebrew name "Joshua," which comes from the Hebrew verb "to save." Designates Jesus as our Savior (Matt. 1:21). 2) Christ: Means "anointed one." The Greek equivalent of the Hebrew word for "anoint" or "Messiah." Designates Jesus as the Messiah predicted in the OT (Mk. 14:61-62; Lk. 24:25-27). o In the OT, prophets priests and kings were anointed with oil, which symbolized the Holy Spirit, and indicated that they had been set apart for their special office (I Kgs. 19:16; Ex. 29:7; 1 Sam. 10:1). o At his baptism, Jesus was specially anointed with the Holy Spirit in order for him to assume his threefold office of prophet, priest and king (Matt. 3:16-17; Acts 4:24-27). 3) Lord: Often used as a polite form of address. But the term is also used in the LXX to translate the divine name Yahweh. Designates Jesus as Yahweh (Lk. 1:43; Jn. 20:28), and as Ruler of the Church (Rom. 1:7; Eph. 1:17). 4) Son of Man: A title Jesus often applies to himself, which derives from Dan. 7:13-14. Indicates Jesus' humanity, but in light of Dan. 7 it refers more to his divine nature and his coming on the clouds of heaven in majesty and glory (Mk. 14:61-62; Matt. 16:27) 5) Son of God: In reference to Jesus, it has three senses: o 2nd person of the Trinity, and therefore Himself God (Matt. 11:27) o The appointed Messiah (Matt. 26:63-64) o Conceived by the Holy Spirit (Lk. 1:35) 6) Lamb of God: Refers to Jesus as the fulfillment of the typological OT sacrificial system, especially the Passover lamb. His death will atone for the sins of the world (Ex. 12; Lev. 16; Jn. 1:29; 1 Cor. 5:7; Heb. 10).

Who were the 8th Century Prophets to the North? What was their historical setting? What was their message?

1) Jonah, Amos, Hosea 2) Historical Setting: o Domestic: during the reign of Jeroboam II, period of material prosperity, moral rot. o International: Assyria was weakened at this point. Israel was no longer its vassal. Hosea was possibly written during the revitalization of Assyria under Tiglath-Pileser III. 3) Message: Repent or judgment will come. o Jonah: Uses the example of Ninevah to call the Northern Kingdom to repent. o Amos: Israel's prosperity has led to sinfulness and polluted worship. They must repent, or judgment will come. Ends with hope by predicting the restoration of the Davidic kingdom. o Hosea: Uses Hosea's marriage to Gomer as a symbol for Yahweh's relationship with Israel. Like Gomer, Israel is unfaithful. If they don't repent, they will experience judgment. But just like Hosea is called to redeem Gomer, the LORD will redeem Israel.

What was created on each of the 6 days in Genesis 1?

1) Light & Darkness 4) Sun, moon, stars 2) Sky and Sea (separate waters above from below) 5) Birds and fish 3) Separate sea & dry land; vegetation 6) Animals and man

Defend the Reformed view of baptism against the Lutheran view.

1) Lutheran View: Baptismal regeneration. Through the sacrament of baptism the recipient is regenerated. 2) Objection: baptismal regeneration nullifies the need for faith to make baptism effective (Col. 2:11-12), and in Acts 10 Cornelius receives the Holy Spirit and is regenerated before he is baptized.

Defend the Reformed view of the Lord's Supper against the Lutheran view.

1) Lutheran View: Lutherans believe in consubstantiation, although some Lutherans would object to this language. They believe Christ is physically present in, with and under the elements. 2) Objection: Christ cannot be physically present in, with and under the elements, because Acts 3:21 says that he is physically present in heaven until the restoration of all things. 3) The Lutheran doctrine of ubiquity, which states that Christ's divine attribute of omnipresence is communicated to his human nature, violates the Chalcedonian doctrine of the hypostatic union: two distinct natures (divine and human) in one person, with the distinction and property of each nature being preserved.

How may the Book of Church order be amended?

1) Majority at GA 2) 2/3rds of Presbyteries 3) Majority at subsequent GA

Is there any good remaining in a fallen, sinful man? Explain.

1) Man is defiled in all the parts and faculties of the soul and body, and as a result he is unable to do any spiritual good (Rom. 3:9-20; Gen. 6:5). 2) He may do many praiseworthy things in relation to his fellow-man, but even his best works are defective in relation to God, because they are not done out of love for God or obedience to him (Isa. 64:6; Heb. 11:6).

What is the nature of man?

1) Man was created in the image of God, with a body and a soul (Gen. 2:7; Matt. 10:28). 2) Due to Adam's first transgression, all people are now born with a sinful nature (Rom. 5:12-21; Ps. 51:5). o Created: possible to sin (Gen. 1:26-31; 3) o Fallen: not possible not to sin (Gen. 6:5; Rom. 3:9-18) o Redeemed: possible not to sin (Rom. 6:17; Eph. 4:22-23) o Glorified: not possible to sin (2 Peter 3:13; 1 Cor. 15:49)

Identify some Scripture passages that support the practice of church discipline.

1) Matt. 18:15-20 (Approach, Get a friend, Go to the church) 2) 1 Cor. 5 (Remove the lump) 3) 1 Tim. 5:20 ("Those who persist in sin, rebuke them in the presence of all.") 4) Tit. 3:10, ("After warning him once and then twice, have nothing more to do with him.") 5) Gal. 6:1 (restore/bear one another's burdens).

Where is the law summarized?

1) Matt. 22:37-40; Mark 12:28-31 2) Matt. 22:37-40: And he said to him, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets."

Scholasticism

1) Medieval theological movement that used Aristotelian logic to create a theological system, and embraced reason as a path to knowledge. 2) Famous scholastics include Anselm, Peter Abelard, Peter Lumbard, and Thomas Aquinas. 3) Three important aspects of scholasticism: o Embraced reason as a path to knowledge o Explored the relationship between Scripture and non-Christian theology, especially Aristotle o Used a dialectical method of writing, teaching and organizing thought.

Marburg Colloquy

1) Meeting between Luther and Zwingli in 1529 to resolve their differences regarding the Lord's Supper, which was unsuccessful. 2) Luther: consubstantiation: Christ is physically present "in, with and under" the elements. The Lord's Supper is a means of grace that strengthens faith. 3) Zwingli: memorial: Christ is in no way present in the elements. The Lord's Supper is an act of remembering Christ, not a means of grace.

How does the doctrine of man created in the image of God influence debates about gender roles?

1) Men and women are equally created in the image of God, and therefore we are equal in dignity and worth as human beings (Gen. 1:26-27). 2) But neither men nor women fully reflect the image of God without the other. Being made in the image of God includes gender differences and complements. We are both made in God's image in a unique way, and therefore there is a complementary relationship between the genders.

Who was the 8th Century Prophet to Judah? What was his historical setting? What was his message?

1) Micah (contemporary of Isaiah) 2) Historical Setting: o Domestic: Jotham was a faithful king, Ahaz a wicked one, Hezekiah one of the best kings. Syro-Ephramite war, fall of Samaria. o International: Assyria, under Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727) was reviving westward expansion. 3) Message: Because the holiness of God is not being reflected by his people, judgment is coming from Assyria. Ends with hope by predicting the Messiah, forgiveness and restoration.

Define and refute "Eutychianism". Is this heresy held today?

1) Minimized the humanity of Christ and maximized the deity of Christ. Taught that the human nature was absorbed into the Divine at the incarnation. 2) Refutation: Heb. 2:17 says Jesus had to be made like us in every respect, so that he would become a merciful and faithful high priest. 3) In the early church, some overreacted to Nestorianism (undue separation of divinity/humanity) and lurched into Eutychianism (undue absorption of divinity/humanity) 4) Dr. Evans has called some guilty of "Bibliological Eutychianism". Essentially, it is the claim that God absorbed his human agents when they wrote the bible.

What officers must each court have and how are they chosen? 10-3, 4

1) Moderator o Session: pastor is moderator. o Presbytery: elected at each meeting, or for up to one year o GA: elected at each stated meeting. 2) Clerk o Elected to serve for a definite period as determined by the court.

First Great Awakening

1) Movement of revival in America from 1735 to 1743. 2) Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield 3) Revival of Calvinism

Second Great Awakening

1) Movement of revival in America from 1795 to 1830. 2) Charles Finney (evangelist), Nathaniel Taylor (Yale divinity prof.) 3) More Arminian, emphasizing the use of means in the conversion process. 4) A major source of fundamentalism

Humanism

1) Movement that arose during the Renaissance and extended into the early Reformation that emphasized the value of human individuals and cultures, and encouraged study of the humanities: art, literature, languages, history, etc. 2) The greatest humanist was Erasmus 3) Humanism exercised great influence on the Reformers, and is one of the major reasons they stressed studying the Scriptures in the original languages.

Puritanism

1) Movement that sought to purify the church of England in the 17th century, especially reacting to the form of Anglican worship. 2) Key Puritans include John Owen and Richard Baxter.

Why do we believe that the Spirit is a person, not just an emanation from God?

1) NAMES: In Jn. 14:16 Jesus calls the Spirit "another comforter." o The word "comforter" means that the Spirit performs the actions of a person, not an impersonal force. o The word "another" indicates that the Spirit would be a comforter of the same kind as Jesus, i.e. personal and divine. 2) ATTRIBUTES: Characteristics of personhood are ascribed to the Spirit: o Intellect (Jn. 14:26; 15:26) o Will (Acts 16:7; 1 Cor. 12:11) o Emotions (Eph. 4:30; Rom. 15:30) 3) WORKS: Personal acts are ascribed to the Spirit: o Bearing witness (Jn. 15:26-27) o Only speaking what he hears (Jn. 16:13). 4) WORSHIP: "Baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit." The three are described as distinct, yet one in substance and thus worthy of worship.

The ecumenical organizations the PCA is a part of:

1) NAPARC (North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council) 2) NAE (National Association of Evangelicals) 3) WRF (World Reformed Fellowship)

Who were the 7th Century Prophets to Judah? What was their historical setting? What was their message?

1) Nahum, Zephaniah, Habakkuk 2) Historical Setting: o Domestic: Kings were Manasseh (wicked), Amon (wicked and short), and Josiah (reform). Moral decline and syncretism, as a result of Manasseh's reign. Still under Assyrian power in its waning days. o International: The rise of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the weakening of the Assyrian Empire. 3) Message: o Nahum: Judgment is coming to Nineveh, which gives hope to Judah. o Zephaniah: Judgment and salvation. Judgment is coming for Judah, but this will be the means by which the remnant will be saved. Written sometime between the beginning of Josiah's reign and the beginning of his reform. o Habakkuk: Great difficulty is coming at the hands of the Babylonians, but Judah is called to be faithful in the midst of this difficulty.

Evaluate biblically the theory of evolution.

1) Naturalistic Evolution: believes that all life on earth developed by random natural selection. This theory is unbiblical, because it denies God's works of creation and providence (Isa. 40:26; 46:9-11), and rejects the idea that God created the world out of nothing by the power of his Word (Gen. 1; Ps. 33:6; Heb. 11:3). 2) Theistic Evolution: believes that God set the evolutionary process in motion. Although this theory acknowledges God as creator, it is essentially a form of Deism, in that God is little more than a first cause. It rejects the historicity of the creation account, the special creation of Adam and Eve apart from evolution, and God's continuing work of providence (Heb. 1:3; Dan. 4:34-35).

Major Church Councils and Heresies

1) Nicea (325) 2) Constantinople (381) 3) Ephesus (431) 4) Chalcedon (451)

Does baptism actually save the person baptized?

1) No. Although it is a great sin to neglect baptism, grace and salvation are not so inseparably annexed to it that no person can be regenerated or saved without it, or that all those who are baptized are undoubtedly regenerated. 2) Paul's argument in Rom. 4:9-12 is that Abraham was justified by faith before he received the sign of circumcision, so salvation must be by faith rather than circumcision. 3) Because baptism is the new covenant counterpart to circumcision, its relationship to salvation is the same.

Who was the Exilic Prophet to Judah? What was his historical setting? What was his message?

1) Obadiah (also Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel) 2) Historical Setting: o Domestic: Judah is in exile, and Edom either aligned themselves with Babylon or joined in the pillaging of Jerusalem. o International: The Neo-Babylonian empire was the dominant power. Judah is in exile and Edom is doing fine. 3) Message: God is zealous for his people. Edom will face divine judgment because they participated in the fall of Jerusalem, but Israel will be restored. Edom is the prototype for the enemies of the people God.

Leviticus (outline)

1) Offerings (1-7) 2) Ordination of Priests (8-10) 3) Regulations for cleanliness (11-16) 4) Holiness laws (17-27)

Who can call a congregational meeting? 25-2

1) Only the Session 2) The Session at the request of a percentage of the congregation - 1/4 of communing members (>100) - 1/5 of communing members (100-300) - 1/6 of communing members (300-500).

What is meant by the ontological and economic Trinity, and why is this important?

1) Ontological Trinity: God as he is in himself. 2) Economic Trinity: God as he has revealed himself to us. 3) This is important because it maintains that there is mystery in the Triune God. It is beyond our capabilities to know him completely.

What are the main duties and responsibilities of the presbytery? 13-9

1) Oversight over its own membership o Receive, examine, ordain, install, remove and judge candidates, licentiates, and ministers; establish or dissolve pastoral relations with churches 2) Oversight over Sessions of Churches o Review & control records of church sessions 3) Oversight of Region o Take measures to enlarge the church: appoint evangelists, plant churches 4) Relation to General Assembly o Enforce lawful injunction of higher courts. o Condemn erroneous opinions o Propose to General Assembly measures of common advantage to the national church

Name, locate and briefly discuss three of Jesus' parables.

1) Parable of the Sower: Matt. 13:3-9 o Like the Sower and his seed, Christ spreads the Word of the Kingdom to many different people. o Some reject it for various reasons, symbolized by the 3 kinds of pour soil. o Others accept it and display varying degrees of obedience, symbolized by the good soil. 2) Parable of the Prodigal Son: Lk. 15:11-31 o This story of a father and his two sons symbolizes God's relationship to "sinners" and Pharisees. o The "sinners" Jesus is accepting are like the younger son. They sinned against their father, but he forgives them and accepts them back into the fold. o The Pharisees who are criticizing Jesus for accepting the "sinners" are like the elder son, who resents his father for forgiving the younger son, and does not feel properly rewarded for his own righteousness. 3) Parable of the Hidden Treasure: Matt. 13:44 o Our response to the kingdom of heaven should be like the man who found treasure in the field. We should view the kingdom as so valuable that we are willing to give up everything we have for it.

Name the general divisions of the Old Testament and the books in each.

1) Pentateuch (5) o Genesis o Exodus o Leviticus o Numbers o Deuteronomy 2) Historical Books (12) o Joshua o Judges o Ruth o 1 Samuel o 2 Samuel o 1 Kings o 2 Kings o 1 Chronicles o 2 Chronicles o Ezra o Nehemiah o Esther 3) Psalms and Wisdom Literature (5) o Job o Psalms o Proverbs o Ecclesiastes o Song of Songs 4) Prophets o Major Prophets (5) - Isaiah - Jeremiah - Lamentations - Ezekiel - Daniel o Minor Prophets (12 / HJA-OJM-N-HZ-HZ-M) - Hosea - Joel - Amos - Obadiah - Jonah - Micah - Nahum - Habakkuk - Zephaniah - Haggai - Zechariah - Malachi

Distinguish and define the different kinds of offenses. 29-2, 3, 4

1) Personal or General - Personal = against an individual - General = not directly against an individual 2) Private and Public - Private = known only to a few persons - Public = known to many

What are the four major divisions in the Book of Church Order?

1) Preface 2) Form of Government (Chapters 1-26) 3) Rules of Discipline (Chapters 27-46) 4) Directory for the Worship of God (Chapters 47-63)

Outline the life of Christ.

1) Preparation o Birth o Youth - Trip to Egypt - Alone in the Temple 2) Public Ministry o Year One: Inauguration - Baptism - Temptation - Begins Preaching o Year Two: Popularity and Acclaim - Sermon on the Mount - Parables - Apostles sent out o Year Three: Opposition - Feeds 5000 - Walks on water - Transfiguration - Raises Lazarus 3) Passion (1 week) o Triumphal entry o Upper Room / Last Supper o Crucifixion o Resurrection 4) Post-Resurrection (40-days) o Doubting Thomas o Ascension

Matthew (outline) [P]

1) Preparation and Inauguration of Jesus' Ministry (1 - 4:11) 2) Public Ministry (4:12 - 20) 3) Passion Week (21-27) 4) The Resurrection (28)

Luke (outline) [P]

1) Preparation and Inauguration of Jesus' Ministry (1 - 4:15) 2) Public Ministry (4:16 - 18) 3) Passion Week (19 - 23) 4) The Resurrection (24)

Mark (outline) [P]

1) Preparation and Inauguration of Jesus' Ministry (1:1-15) 2) Public Ministry (1:16 - 10) 3) Passion Week (11 - 15) 4) The Resurrection (16)

Numbers (outline)

1) Preparation to leave Sinai (1-10) 2) Rebellion and wilderness wandering (11-25) 3) Census and direction (26-36)

What is a particular church? 4-1, 3

1) Professing Christians together with their children gathered together and united by a common confession for the worship of the Triune God, in submission to His authority, and for mutual edification and spiritual growth (Acts 2:42-44; Phil. 1:1a; Eph. 4:11-16; 6:1-4; 1 Tim. 4:13; 5:17) 2) Officers: teaching and ruling elders, and deacons (Phil. 1:1b) 3) Jurisdiction lodged in session (teaching & ruling elders) (1 Thes. 5:12-13; 1 Tim. 5:17; Heb. 13:17)

How are communicant members received? 6-2; 57-6; 46-1; 37-3; 46-8

1) Profession of faith (6-2) 2) Reaffirmation of faith (57-6) 3) Certificate of dismissal (Letter of transfer) (46-1) 4) Restoration of excommunicated (37-3) 5) Divested minister without censure assigned by Presbytery and with sessions' approval

John (outline)

1) Prologue (1:1-18) 2) The Book of Signs (1:19 - 12) 3) The Book of Glory (13 - 20) A. The Upper Room Discourse (13 - 17) B. The Passion Narrative and Resurrection (18 - 20) 4) Epilogue (21)

Trace the revelation of the person and work of Christ from the beginning of the OT.

1) Promised redeemer in Gen. 3:15. 2) Promised offspring in Gen. 12 (Gal. 3). 3) Foreshadowed in the OT offices of prophet, priest and king. 4) Foreshadowed in the OT sacrifices (Ex. 12; Lev. 16). 5) Predicted by the prophets in passages such as Isa. 7:14; 9:1-7; the Servant Songs (42:1-9; 49:1-13; 50:4-9; 52:13-53:12); Dan. 7:13-14. 6) Predicted in the Messianic Psalms (2, 22, 110, 118) 7) When the fullness of time had come, Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary (Lk. 1:26-38). 8) He lived a perfectly righteous life (Heb. 4:15), preaching the gospel of the Kingdom and performing many miracles (Matt. 4:23-25). 9) He died on the cross to atone for the sin of his people (Jn. 19; Rom. 3:23-25). 10) On the third day he rose from the dead, defeating death on behalf of his people (Jn. 20; 1 Cor. 15:21-22). 11) He appeared to his disciples over a period of 40 days, then ascended into heaven (Lk. 24; Acts 1:6-11). 12) Sends the Holy Spirit at Pentecost (Acts 2) 13) He is now seated at the right hand of the Father, and intercedes for his people (Acts 2:33-34; Isa. 53:12). 14) He is coming again in glory to consummate his victory over Satan, and to judge the living and the dead. His kingdom will have no end (Rev. 19-21).

What are the offices of Christ, and how does he execute them?

1) Prophet: Christ executes the office of a prophet in revealing to us, by his Word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation (Jn. 4:41-42; Deut. 18:18-20). 2) Priest: Christ executes the office of a priest in his offering himself as a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice and reconcile us to God (Rom. 3:23-36; 2 Cor. 5:18-19), and in making continual intercession for us (Isa. 53:12; Heb. 7:25). 3) King: Christ executes the office of a king in subduing us to himself (Matt. 28:19-20; Col. 1:13), in ruling and defending us (Isa. 9:6-7; Ps. 2:6-9), and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies (Ps. 110:1-2; 1 Cor. 15:24-26).

What should be some of the practical results of believing in election?

1) Provides assurance of our salvation: if God has chosen us, we cannot lose our faith. "It depends not on human will or exertion, but on God who has mercy" (Rom. 9:16; Jn. 10:29). 2) Encourages evangelism: an unbeliever's salvation depends on God, not on their ability to believe or my ability to be persuasive (1 Cor. 2:1-5). 3) Encourages prayer for the lost: because salvation is ultimately up to God, we can ask him to save unbelievers (Jn. 6:44). 4) Produces humility: My salvation is undeserved and the product of God's free grace alone, not my ability to believe. Excludes boasting (1 Cor. 1:26-30). 5) Produces gratitude that leads to obedience: because God has saved me by his grace, I joyfully express my gratitude by obeying him (Col. 3:17).

What are the proper elements of worship? 47-9

1) Reading of Scripture (1 Tim. 4:13) 2) Singing of psalms and hymns (Col. 3:16) 3) Offering of prayer (1 Tim. 2:1ff) 4) Preaching of the Word (1 Tim. 4:13) 5) Presentation of offerings (1 Cor. 16:1) 6) Confessing the Faith (1 Tim. 3:15-16) 7) Observing the sacraments (Acts 20:7; 1 Cor. 11:20, 23-33) 8) On special occasions: taking of oaths (e.g., membership, ordination) (1 Tim. 4:14)

Exodus (outline)

1) Redemption (1-18) A. The slavery of Israel and the calling of Moses (1-6) B. Ten Plagues: LORD judges the gods of Egypt (7-11) C. The Passover and the Exodus (12-13) / climax D. Israel departs from Egypt (14-15) E. Israel journeys to Sinai (16-18) 2) Response to Redemption (19-40) A. The LORD gives Israel his Covenant Law (19-24) B. The LORD gives Israel instructions for the Tabernacle (25-31) C. Covenant is broken and renewed (32-34) / climax D. Israel builds the tabernacle (35-40)

What is a reference? An appeal? A complaint?

1) Reference: A written request from a lower court to a higher court for advice or other action on a matter pending before the lower court. 2) Appeal: A transfer to a higher court of a judicial case on which a lower court has rendered judgment. 3) Complaint: A written representation made against a court's act or decision.

Defend the Reformed view of the sacraments against the Catholic, Lutheran and Baptist views.

1) Reformed View o The sacraments are signs and seals that the Holy Spirit uses to confer divine grace when that grace is received by faith (Gal. 3:26-27; Col. 2:12). o There are two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper (Matt. 28:19; 26:26-28). 2) Roman Catholic View o The sacraments confer grace by the work performed (ex opre operato), apart from the faith of the recipient. -- Objection: Gal. 3:26-27 and Col. 2:11-12 both say faith is necessary to appropriate the grace offered in a sacrament. o There are 7 Sacraments: Baptism, Communion, Confirmation, Penance, Marriage, Ordination, Last Rights / Extreme Unction. --Objection: The last 5 of these were either not instituted by Christ as an ordinance that continues until he returns, or do not signify the benefits of Christ's mediation, or both. Therefore, they do not meet the definition of a sacrament (Gal. 3:27; 1 Cor. 10:16). o Transubstantiation: the body and blood of Christ are present not only in heaven, but also in the bread and wine in a physical manner. 3) Lutheran View o The faith of the recipient is necessary for the sacraments to confer grace. o There are two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper. o Consubstantiation/Ubiquity: there was a communication of divine attributes to the human nature of the incarnate Christ, allowing Christ to be physically present "in, with, and under" the bread and wine. 4) Baptist View o Sacraments are not means of grace, but merely symbols of it. --Objection: Scripture teaches that the sacraments are signs and seals that the Holy Spirit uses to confer divine grace when that grace is received by faith (Gal. 3:27; Col. 2:12). o There are two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper.

Describe the Reformed view of the Lord's Supper.

1) Reformed View: The Lord's Supper is a sacrament of the New Testament, in which, by giving and receiving bread and wine according to the appointment of Jesus Christ, his death is shown forth (1 Cor. 11:26); and they that rightly receive it by faith are made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace (1 Cor. 10:16-17). 2) Christ is spiritually present in the Lord's Supper to the faith of the recipient, no less than the elements are present to the senses of the recipient (1 Cor. 11:23-26).

The list from "A Letter To All Churches" from the first GA:

1) Rejection of the inerrancy and authority of Scripture 2) A diluted theology 3) A gospel tending towards humanism 4) Ordination of women 5) An unbiblical view of marriage and divorce 6) The financing of abortion on socio-economic grounds

Locate and briefly discuss two passages that deal with law and grace.

1) Rom. 3:20-25: No one can be righteous before God by obeying the law. Rather, our inability to keep the law shows us our sin. Righteousness comes apart from the law, by grace through faith in the atoning death of Christ. 2) Phil. 3:9: Righteousness does not come from the law. Rather, by faith the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us.

How would you handle a request for baptism from a previously baptized... 1) Roman Catholic 2) Former Liberal 3) Mormon

1) Roman Catholic? o I would not re-baptize them, because a Roman Catholic baptism is Trinitarian and is administered by a lawfully ordained minister of the gospel. -- Calvin was a vigorous opponent of the Catholic Church, yet he did not see the need to be re-baptized. 2) Former liberal? o It would depend if the baptism was Trinitarian and administered by a lawfully ordained minister. 3) Mormon? o I would baptize them, because Mormon baptism is not Trinitarian. Although they evoke the names of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, they do not conceive of them as one God in three persons. Thus the Mormon use of the Trinitarian names is not a true invocation of the Trinity.

What are the qualifications for deacon? (1 Tim. 3:8-13)

1) Rules Self o Worthy of respect, sincere, not indulging in much wine, not pursuing dishonest gain. 2) Rules Family o Husband of but one wife (faithful to one's wife). 3) Hold fast the truths of the faith with a clear conscience. 4) Experience, Good Judgment (Tested).

What are the qualifications for an elder? 8-2 (1 Tim. 3; 2 Tim 2:2; Tit. 1; 1 Pet. 5; Acts 20:28ff)

1) Rules self: o Above reproach, self-controlled, temperate, not given to drunkenness, not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome, not lover of money, not over-bearing, setting an example, eager to serve. 2) Rules family: o Husband of one wife, hospitable. 3) Able to teach, instruct in sound doctrine; refute false doctrine. 4) Experience: o Not a new believer, good reputation with outsiders, able to equip others who can equip others.

What are the primary doctrinal divisions of systematic theology?

1) Scripture 2) God 3) Man & Sin 4) Christ 5) Salvation 6) Church 7) Last Things

Why is Scripture not a part of our Constitution?

1) Scripture cannot be amended. Our Constitutional documents can be amended 2) Scripture is the foundation to which our constitutional documents are subject and subordinate to.

What steps must a church take in calling a pastor?

1) Session calls a congregational meeting to elect a pulpit committee. 2) After consultation and deliberation, the pulpit committee recommends a candidate to the congregation. 3) The Session calls a congregational meeting to elect a pastor by vote. 4) The congregation draws up a call and presents it to Presbytery for approval.

Name the courts of the church. Who composes them? What would be considered the original jurisdiction of each? 10-2

1) Session: jurisdiction over the local church 2) Presbytery: jurisdiction over the region 3) General Assembly: jurisdiction over national church 4) All courts are composed exclusively of Presbyters

How often must a church session meet? 12-6. What makes a quorum?

1) Sessions must meet at least quarterly 2) Quorum: -- If 4 or more ruling elders: 1 TE and 2 REs. -- If 3 or less ruling elders: 1 TE and 1 RE.

What are the duties of an elder? (Defend w/ Scripture) 8-3

1) Shepherd: instruct, comfort, pray, visit (1 Pet. 5:1-3; Acts 20:28) 2) Guard: doctrine and life (1 Tim. 4:16) 3) Rule: exercise government, discipline (1 Tim 5:17)

Compare and contrast circumcision and baptism, citing the relevant passages of Scripture.

1) Similar: o Initiatory rite (Gen. 17:9-12; Acts 2:38-39) o Picture the death of the old man and the cutting away of the sinful nature (Col. 2:11-12; Rom. 6:3-4). o Signify: - Regeneration (Rom. 2:28-29; Tit. 3:5) - Repentance (Jer. 4:4; Acts 2:38) - The righteousness of faith (Rom. 4:11; Gal. 3:26-27) 2) Different: o Circumcision only administered to males, baptism to males and females.

In what ways does man sin?

1) Sins of Omission: failure to do that which the law commands (Js. 4:17). 2) Sins of Co-mission: doing that which the law forbids (Lev. 5:17).

Give three important events in the history of missions, and why they were important.

1) St. Patrick taking the gospel to Ireland in the 5th century. Ireland served as a base for missionary activity to neighboring areas, including Scotland and England. 2) William Carey's 19th century mission to India, which is credited as starting the modern missionary movement. 3) European Colonialism, which provided the conditions under which missionaries could take the gospel to foreign countries in the 19th century.

Define and explain the importance of "Biblical Theology."

1) Study of biblical revelation as it progressively unfolds in redemptive history, including exegesis of biblical passages and books. 2) Enables us to understand the Scriptures in their original context, in light of the rest of redemptive history.

Define and explain the importance of "Practical Theology."

1) Study of how the Bible applies to life and orders the church's practice. 2) Enables us to apply the Bible to life and grow in our walk with the Lord.

Define and explain the importance of "Historical Theology."

1) Study of how the church has understood various doctrines throughout history. 2) Enables us to understand where our beliefs come from, and how they relate to the beliefs of others.

Hebrews (outline)

1) Superiority of Christ Over Angels (1-2) 2) Superiority of Christ Over Moses (3-4) 3) Superiority of Christ Over Levitical Priests (5-10) 4) Final Examination to Persevere in the Faith (11-12) 5) Concluding Exhortations and Remarks (13)

What are the duties and responsibilities of deacons? 9-1, 2

1) Sympathy o Help the distressed 2) Service o Help the session o Encourage the ministry of sympathy and service o Encourage the grace of liberality o Collect, distribute funds o Care over property

What are the four theological disciplines?

1) Systematic Theology 2) Biblical Theology 3) Historical Theology 4) Practical Theology

Define "Systematic Theology".

1) Systematic theology presents the teachings of the entire Bible in a topical and logical fashion, and expresses it in a contemporary form. 2) Grudem: Any study that answers the question, "What does the whole Bible teach us today?" about any given topic.

To what church does a minister belong? Why? 13-2

1) TE's membership is with his Presbytery. 2) This is the court that ordains and installs him and exercises authority over him.

What Scriptures do Arminians use to defend general or universal atonement, and how would you respond?

1) THE WORLD...Jn. 3:16: "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life." o The passage is not discussing the extent of the atonement, but God's motivation for the atonement. o In John, "the world" refers to those who are sinful and rebellious against God. The term refers to the kind of people Jesus came to save, not to the extent of his saving work. - Jn. 14:19, "Yet a little while and the world will see me no more, but you will see me." - Jn. 17:6, "I have manifested your name to the people whom you have given me out of the world." - Jn. 17:9, "I am praying for them. I am not praying for the world but for those whom you have given me." 2) THE WORLD...1 Jn. 2:2: "He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world." o It is a mistake to assume "the whole world" refers to every person that has ever lived. o See above. 3) ALL PEOPLE...1 Tim. 2:4: God "desires all people to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth." o In vv. 1-3 Paul commands the church to pray for all people, including kings and those in high positions. o In v. 4 he gives the reason for this: because God "desires all people to be saved." o So "all people" does not refer to all people who have ever lived, but to people in all social classes. 4) ALL PEOPLE...Tit. 2:11: "For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation for all people." o In the immediately preceding verses (vv. 1-9), Paul gives instructions for different kinds of people: men and women, old and young, and slaves. o Then in v. 11 he gives the reason they should act this way: "For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation for all people, training us to renounce ungodliness and worldly passions." So "all people" does not refer to everyone who has ever lived, but to all kinds of people.

Define and refute "Nestorianism". Is this heresy held today?

1) Taught that Christ had two persons, one divine and one human. The two natures are in "conjunction", and not "union". 2) Refutation: The divine and human natures are united in the one person of Jesus Christ (Phil. 2:6-11; Jn. 1:1, 18; Col. 2:9). 3) The Bishop of Constantinople rejected the term "theotokos" (God-bearer) and claimed that Mary only bore Jesus in the sense of his humanity, "christotokos". Jesus was God and at times Jesus was man, but not both at the same time. Cyril of Alexandria argued against this at the Council of Ephesus, where they affirmed theotokos and coined the term "hypostatic union." 4) "Modalism" in evangelicalism (analogy: water/ice/vapor).

What are the two orders of the eldership? (defend w/Scripture) 7-2

1) Teaching (1 Tim. 5:17; Eph. 4:11) 2) Ruling (1 Tim. 5:17; Eph. 4:11) - 1 Tim. 5:17, "Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching."

Latin Church Fathers

1) Tertullian (2nd) 2) Cyprian of Carthage (3rd) 3) Ambrose of Milan (4th) 4) Augustine of Hippo (4th-5th) 5) Jerome of Stridonium (4th-5th) 6) Pope Gregory the Great (6th-7th)

What are some biblical principles of interpretation?

1) The Analogy of Faith: The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself. Therefore, when there is a question about the true and full meaning of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must be searched and known by other passages that speak more clearly. 2) Grammatical-Historical Exegesis: Biblical interpretation entails discovering the original meaning of the text that the author intended to communicate to his audience. This requires study in the following areas: o The Biblical Languages o Genre o Literary Context o Historical and Cultural Background o The Author 3) Covenant Theology: Teaches that the biblical covenants are organically related to one another, and form the basic framework for interpreting redemptive history. Stresses unity of Scripture and continuity between OT and NT.

How do we know the Bible is the Word of God?

1) The Bible claims to be the Word of God (2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 1:20-21) 2) In the OT: - God speaks directly to people in the Bible: • Adam and Eve (Gen. 2:16-17; 3:16-19) • Moses (Ex. 3-4) • Israel while giving the 10 commandments (Ex. 20:1) • "Thus says the Lord": God spoke through the prophets (over 450 times: 2 Sam. 7:5; Isa. 44:6; etc.). • Deut. 18:18-20: God says he puts his words in the mouths of the prophets. • The prophets speak for God in the 3rd person • To reject the words of the prophet was to reject the words of God (1 Sam. 13:13-14). 3) In the NT: • The NT confirms what the OT teaches (2 Pet. 1:20-21; 2 Tim. 3:16) • "Scripture says" and "God says" are equivalent • Peter says "God says" when quoting Joel 2 in Acts 2:17 • Scripture is cited as God's direct speech in Heb. 1 • Christ promised his disciples that the Holy Spirit would help them testify to them (Jn. 14:26) • The apostles recognized their own authority, and each other's (1 Thess. 2:13; 2 Pet. 3:2, 16).

Isaiah (outline)

1) The Book of Judgment (1-39) 2) The Book of Consolation (40-55) 3) The Book of Restoration (56-66)

By what other titles is the Pentateuch known, and why?

1) The Books of Moses: he was their primary author 2) The Books of the Law: a significant portion of the Pentateuch contains the law that God gave to Israel 3) The Torah: this is the Hebrew word for "law"

The Scriptural form of church government is comprehended under what five headings?

1) The Church 2) Its members: all who profess faith in Christ, together with their children. 3) Its officers: teaching and ruling elders, and deacons. 4) Its courts: power is not exercised severally, but jointly, by presbyters in church courts. 5) Its orders: the ordination of officers, pastoral relations, congregational meetings, amending the constitution.

Ephesians (outline)

1) The Gospel Explained (1-3) A. Spiritual Blessings in Christ (1) B. Salvation by Grace through Faith (2:1 - 10) C. One in Christ (2:11-22) D. The Mystery of the Gospel (3) 2) The Gospel Applied (4-6) A. Unity and Maturity in the Body (4) B. Be Imitators of Christ (5) C. The Armor of God (6)

Name the general divisions of the New Testament and the books in each.

1) The Gospels (4) o Matthew o Mark o Luke o John 2) Acts 3) Pauline Epistles (13 / R2C-GEP-C5T-P) o Romans o 1 Corinthians o 2 Corinthians o Galatians o Ephesians o Philippians o Colossians o 1 Thessalonians o 2 Thessalonians o 1 Timothy o 2 Timothy o Titus o Philemon 4) General (Catholic) Epistles (8 / HJ-2P-3J-Ju) o Hebrews o James o 1 Peter o 2 Peter o 1 John o 2 John o 3 John o Jude 5) Revelation

What was Division and Reunion?

1) The Old and New Schools each split over the issues of slavery and states rights. 2) New School in 1856: GA issued a report that slaveholding was a sin deserving of discipline. The following year the Southern churches met separately and formed the United Synod of the South, effectively breaking from the Northern churches. 3) Old School in 1861: GA passed a resolution that said churches must support the federal government (Gardener Springs Resolution). Put Southern churches in a place of living in states that had seceded from the Union but belonging to a denomination that supported it. Met a few months later and formed the Presbyterian Church of the Confederate States of America (PCCSA). 4) Then the Old and New School churches in the North united to form the PCUSA (1869), and the Old and New School churches in the South united to form the PCCSA, which would later become the PCUS (1864).

Galatians (outline)

1) The Right Basis: Establishing God's True Revelation (1-2) 2) The Right Beliefs: Justification by Faith (3-4) 3) The Right Behavior: Life in the Spirit (5-6)

How are the sacraments related to the written and preached word? (Defend w/ Scripture)

1) The Word and the sacraments: o Have the same author (2 Tim. 3:16; 1 Cor. 11:23-25) o Have the same content (1 Cor. 1:23; 11:26) o Require faith as the means to appropriate the content (1 Cor. 1:21; Col. 2:12) 2) But the Word takes priority over the sacraments, because it: o Is essential for salvation, while the sacraments are not (Rom. 10:14-15; 4:11) o Engenders and strengthens faith, while the sacraments only strengthen it (Rom. 10:17; Gal. 3:26-27) o Is intended for the whole world, while the sacraments are only intended for the church (Rom. 10:12-17; Eph. 2:11-12).

What authority do church councils possess? How should Christians respond to them?

1) The authority of Church councils is ecclesiastical rather than civil, and ministerial rather than declarative (Jn. 18:36; Matt. 22:21). 2) We should see them as a help in both faith and practice, but not as a rule of faith and practice (Acts 17:11; 1 Cor. 2:5).

Explain the difference in the work of the Holy Spirit in the new and old covenants.

1) The biggest difference is in the Holy Spirit's efficacy and power. 2) The work of the Holy Spirit is to illuminate and apply the work of Christ to believers. o In the OT, the work of Christ is not finished yet, so the Spirit is only illuminating types and shadows. o But now that the work of Christ is finished, we receive the fullness of the Holy Spirit (Jn. 14:26; 16:13-14).

Our larger catechism speaks of improving our baptism. What does it mean by that, and how are we to improve our baptism?

1) The catechism is guarding against the tendency to see baptism as merely a rite with no actual significance. 2) So when the catechism speaks of improving our baptism, it means that we should put our baptism to use by experiencing its meaning and living out its implications in daily life. 3) We improve our baptism: -- When others are baptized, by reflecting on the grace baptism signifies and seals, and how God has bestowed that grace upon us; -- By sorrowing for our sin, and confessing our need for the cleansing which baptism signifies; -- By believing and rejoicing in the forgiveness of our sin -- By drawing strength from our union with Christ in his death and resurrection to grow in our sanctification.

What authority does the church possess?

1) The church possesses spiritual authority. 2) The keys of the kingdom gives church officers the power to: o Retain and remit sins (Jn. 20:21-23) o Shut the kingdom against the impenitent by the Word and by censures (Matt. 16:19; 18:17-20) o Open the kingdom to penitent sinners by the ministry of the gospel, and by absolution from censures (Matt. 16:19; 18:17-20).

What is the covenant of redemption? Who are its parties?

1) The covenant of redemption is a covenant made between the Father, Son and Holy Spirit from eternity, in which they agreed to redeem fallen humanity. - Eph. 1:4, "He chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him." - Jn. 6:38-40, "For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me. And this is the will of him who sent me, that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me, but raise it up on the last day. For this is the will of my Father, that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day." 2) "The covenant established in eternity between the Father, who gives the Son to be the Redeemer of the elect and requires of him the conditions for their redemption; and the Son, who voluntarily agrees to fulfill these conditions; and the Spirit, who voluntarily applies the work of the Son to the elect." Bottom Line: The Covenant of Redemption is the umbrella covenant that encompasses both the covenant of works and the covenant of grace.

Define and discuss the covenant of works.

1) The covenant of works is the covenant God made with Adam before the fall, in which he promised life to Adam and his posterity on the condition of personal and perfect obedience (Gen. 2:15-17; 3:16-19). 2) Through Adam's first transgression all mankind fell into a state of sin and misery, and therefore we are unable to obtain life by the covenant of works (Gen. 3:16-19; Rom. 5:12 (sin); 1 Cor. 15:21-22).

Outline the Reformed understanding of covenant.

1) The covenant of works is the covenant God made with Adam before the fall, in which he promised life to Adam and his posterity on the condition of personal and perfect obedience (Gen. 2:15-17; 3:16-19; Hos. 6:7). 2) Through Adam's first transgression all mankind fell into a state of sin and misery, and so we are unable to obtain life by the covenant of works (Gen. 3:16-19; Rom. 5:12 (sin); 1 Cor. 15:21-22). 3) Therefore, the Lord was pleased to make a second covenant, called the covenant of grace, in which he freely offers sinners life and salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ (Gen. 3:15; Heb. 8 (esp. vv. 8-12); 15:6; Rom. 3:23-25; Eph. 2:8-9; Jer. 31:31-34). 4) God progressively instituted the covenant of grace through the proto-euangelion of Gen. 3:15, and his covenants with Noah (Gen. 8:20-9:17), Abraham (Gen. 12:1-3; 15:1-21; 17:1-14), Moses (Ex. 19-24), David (2 Sam. 7:1-17), and culminating in the new covenant (Jer. 31:31-34; Heb. 8:8-12).

What is the difference between infralapsarianism and supralapsarianism?

1) The debate is over the logical order of God's decrees. 2) Infralapsarians believe that God's decrees of creation and the fall logically precede his decrees of election and reprobation. 1. Creation 2. Fall 3. Election 4. Redemption 5. Application 3) Supralapsarians believe that God's decrees of election and reprobation logically precede his decrees of creation and the fall. 1. Election 2. Creation 3. Fall 4. Redemption 5. Application

What is the doctrine of ubiquity?

1) The doctrine of ubiquity is the Lutheran doctrine which states that Christ's divine attribute of omnipresence is communicated to his human nature. 2) This violates the Chalcedonian doctrine of the hypostatic union: two distinct natures (divine and human) in one person, with the distinction and property of each nature being preserved.

Why is Dispensationalism wrong?

1) The entire system is based upon a literalistic hermeneutic that denies that OT prophecies concerning Israel were fulfilled through Jesus Christ and the new covenant Church composed of Jews and Gentiles. • By the very nature of the genre, OT prophecy is highly symbolic and metaphorical, and its details should not be interpreted literalistically. • Literal vs. literalistic • Example: OT prophecy that during the Messiah's reign, Gentiles will come to Jerusalem to offer sacrifices. 2) It characterizes Scripture as having a fundamental discontinuity. 3) Israel and the church form the one people of God (Rom. 11:11-24; Eph. 2:11-22). 4) The pretribulational rapture is based on faulty interpretations of 1 Thes. 4:17 (coming out to meet king, then going back into city) and Mt. 24:40-41 (Noah; the one who is taken is the object of judgment). Also, it is God's pattern to sanctify his people through suffering, not to remove them from it (Rom. 5:1-5; Ps. 121).

What about those who have never had a chance to hear about Jesus?

1) The eternal power and divine nature of God are visible to them in creation, so they are without excuse. 2) They know that God exists, but they do not give him the honor, gratitude or obedience that he deserves (Rom. 1:20-21). God is just in not saving them.

What is the "extra Calvinisticum"?

1) The extra Calvinisticum is a Calvinistic doctrine which states that Christ's divine nature continued to be omnipresent outside the flesh while he was on earth. The infinite Logos is not circumscribed by the incarnate humanity of Christ (i.e. even while Jesus hung on the cross, he was ruling over the cosmos.) 2) Christ did not cease performing the functions of Col. 1:17 and Heb. 1:3 once he was incarnated. Helps explain how the infinite deity and finite humanity can coexist in a single person. 3) Calvin insisted that Christ's humanity is finite, that it remains in heaven, and that the Lutheran doctrine of ubiquity should be rejected (i.e. Christ's body and blood are locally and physically present in, with, and under the elements of the Lord's Supper).

A man called to an ordained office has the concurrence of . . .?

1) The individual 2) The church wanting the man to serve it. 3) The court of the church o For Ruling elders and deacons, the court is the session o For Teaching Elders, the court is the Presbytery

Where in Scripture is the language of "sign" and "seal" used? How does this latter term relate to paedo-baptism?

1) The language of sign and seal in reference to a sacrament is used in Rom. 4:11. o Used in reference to circumcision. 2) The term "seal" means that baptism is a guarantee and confirmation of the grace which it signifies. o This relates to paedo-baptism because when an infant is baptized, God is marking that child as his, and providing confirmation of his promise to bestow on that child the blessings of the covenant of grace.

Erasmus

1) The leading humanist of the 16th century, who wanted to reform the church through scholarship. 2) Produced a new Latin translation of the NT, and wrote "Diatribe on Free Will" as a polemic against Martin Luther's theology, to which Luther responded with "Bondage of the Will."

What is the moral influence theory of the atonement?

1) The moral influence theory states that Christ's death was a demonstration of God's love that moves us to love God in return and respond with obedience. Thus the result of Christ's death is purely subjective; it only accomplishes something in us. Rom. 5:8, "God shows his love for us, in that while were still sinners, Christ died for us." 2) First advocated by Peter Abelard in the 12th century.

Discuss the relationship between the old and new covenants. Defend from Scripture.

1) The old and new covenants are two different administrations of the one covenant of grace. 2) Both covenants offer salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ (Heb. 9:1-14; Rom. 4:11-12). 3) The essence of the covenant of grace is God's promise: "I will be your God, and you will be my people" (Ex. 6:7; Rev. 21:3). (Also: Ezek. 36:28; Lev. 26:12; Jer. 30:22). 4) Old covenant: administered by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the Passover lamb, and other types of ordinances, all foreshadowing Christ to come (Heb. 8:5-6; 9:1-14; 10:1; Rom. 4:11-12). 5) New covenant: now that Christ, the substance of the covenant, has come, the covenant is administered through the preaching of the Word and the administration of the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper (2 Tim. 4:2; Matt. 28:19-20; 1 Cor. 11:23-25).

Who is the moderator of the session? 12-2

1) The pastor, by virtue of his office 2) If the pastor is absent, the session shall elect one of its members to preside.

Systematic Liberalization of the PCUS

1) The systematic liberalization of the PCUS began in the 1930's, when a group of ministers and seminary professors created a secret organization called the "Fellowship of St. James", for the purpose of getting men with liberal views into the bible colleges, seminaries and principle pulpits of the denomination. 2) By the 1960's they controlled most of the seminaries, colleges, and the most influential churches, as well as the important committees of the Presbyteries, Synods and GA.

Defend the "canon" with scripture.

1) The warnings against adding or subtracting from God's Word in passages such as Deut. 4:2 and Rev. 22:18 indicates that there is a specific group of writings that are the authoritative Word of God, and all other writings are not. 2) The Canon of the OT: • By the time of Jesus, the Jews had already recognized the 39 books of the OT as God's authoritative canon, and designated it as "the Law, the Prophets and the Writings." Jesus affirms this in Matt. 5:17; 7:12; Lk. 24:27, 44. • Shows that Jesus did not acknowledge the Apocrypha to be canonical. 3) The Canon of the NT: • The apostles recognized that they held an authoritative office, and that they had been entrusted with an authoritative body of teaching that was to be passed down and committed to writing. • Therefore, they viewed their own writings as authoritative, canonical Scripture that was inspired by God (2 Pet. 3:2, 15-16; 1 Thess. 2:13; 1 Tim. 5:18 [cites Lk. 10:7 as Scripture]; Heb. 2:2-3; 1 Pet. 1:12).

Conservative concerns during the liberalization of the PCUS.

1) Theological heresy, stemming from a rejection of the inerrancy of Scripture. 2) Ecumenical relations, including a potential merger with the liberal United Presbyterian Church (UPCUSA). 3) Elevation of the social gospel above missions and evangelism. 4) Ordination of women 5) Moral concerns, including the promotion of abortion and an unbiblical view of marriage and divorce. 6) Misuse of Presbyterian ecclesiology, including ownership of the local congregation's property by the presbytery, and excessive institutional power in the hands of the clergy.

What is "theonomy"? Evaluate it biblically.

1) Theonomy is the belief that all the civil laws of the OT theocracy are still in effect today. 2) The civil laws expired with the state of Israel and no longer apply to us any further than their general equity may require (Rom. 13:1-7; 1 Cor. 9:8-10).

How many sacraments are there? What are the criteria for determining a sacrament?

1) There are two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper (Matt. 28:19; 26:26-28). 2) A sacrament must be: o Explicitly instituted by Christ as an ordinance in his church that continues until he returns (Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 11:26). o An external, sensible sign and seal of the benefits of Christ's mediation of the covenant of grace.

A Roman Catholic tells you that justification by faith alone is a "legal fiction." What do they mean, and how would you respond?

1) They mean that the Protestant doctrine of justification declares a sinner to be righteous when they are not. o Catholics believe in infused righteousness - that God's grace is infused in us, which makes us more and more righteous. 2) Response: God demands perfect righteousness to be justified (Matt. 5:48; Ps. 15:1-2; Lev. 19:2). o But this side of glory, our righteousness will never be perfect (1 Jn. 1:8). o Therefore, if the ground of justification is anything other than Christ's perfect righteousness, then God is either lowering his standard of justice, or unjustly attributing to sinful man a righteousness that he does not have. o Scripture teaches that the ground of justification is not the imperfect righteousness of man, but the perfect righteousness of Christ imputed to us (2 Cor. 5:21; Phil. 3:9).

May those who have been divorced remarry?

1) Those who have been divorce can remarry if their divorce was for biblical grounds, and they must remarry in the Lord (Deut. 24:1-4; 1 Cor. 7:10-11; 2 Cor. 6:14). 2) 1 Cor. 7:11: Paul is not issuing an over-arching command that applies to all divorced people in all situations. Rather, he is regulating the practice of those who have broken his prohibition of divorce in the previous verse. 3) Clearly the prohibition against divorce in v. 10 does not apply in the cases of adultery or desertion, so neither does the prohibition against remarriage in v. 11.

What is the purpose of public worship? 47-2

1) To glorify God (Ps. 86:9; 1 Pet. 2:9) 2) A meeting of the triune God with his chosen people

What are the marks of the Church?

1) True preaching of the Word (2 Tim. 4:2; 1 Tim. 4:13). 2) Right administration of the Sacraments (Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 10-11; Acts 2:42). 3) Faithful exercise of discipline (Matt. 18:15-20; 1 Cor. 5:1-5).

What is "Reformed Faith?"

1) Universal Faith 2) Evangelical Faith 3) Covenantal Faith 4) Confessional Faith 5) Missional Faith

Define the visible and invisible church.

1) Visible Church: All those throughout the world who profess faith in Christ, together with their children (Acts 2:38-39; Eph. 6:1-4). 2) Invisible Church: The entire number of the elect in all places from all times (Eph. 1:22; 3:10).

Ezekiel (outline)

1) Vision and Call of Ezekiel (1-3) 2) Judgment on Judah (4-24) 3) Judgment on the Nations (25-32) 4) Jerusalem's Fall and Restoration (33-39) 5) Vision of the New Temple (40-48)

Why do we baptize our children? If they can't believe, how can baptism be a sign of their commitment to the Lord?

1) We baptize our children because God promises to be God to us and to our children after us, and he therefore considers our children to be part of his covenant people, and commands us to give them the sign of the covenant. o The new covenant sign of baptism corresponds to the sign of circumcision in the Old Testament (Col. 2:11-12). o God commanded that the covenant sign of circumcision be administered to the children of his covenant people (Gen. 17:9-14). o This command is not rescinded with the new covenant sign of baptism. In fact, Scripture indicates that both the promise and the command continues in Acts 2:38-39. 2) Romans 4:11-12 says that circumcision was a sign of faith, yet God commanded that it be administered to infants. So clearly God does not share the assumption that a sign of faith should only be administered to those who are old enough to have faith.

When does the exercise of ecclesiastical power have divine sanction? 3-6

1) When exercised in conformity with Scripture 2) And when put forth by church officers duly appointed in accordance with Christ's Word.

What is the role of women in the church? May they serve as officers?

1) Women should be welcomed to fulfill any duty that a non-ordained member of the church is permitted to perform. They should seek to use their gifts in a manner that edifies and encourages the body of Christ. 2) But Scripture forbids women from exercising authority over a man in the church, which means that they should not be ordained to the offices of elder or deacon (1 Tim. 2:12; Eph. 5:25).

Is divorce permissible for those abused by their spouse?

1) Yes. Along with the PCA position paper on divorce and remarriage, abuse fits under the category of desertion (1 Cor. 7:15). 2) When an abuser creates an unbearable environment in the home, which causes his/her spouse to leave, the abuser is responsible for the separation between them. 3) Biblical Defense (if necessary) o In 1 Cor. 7:15, Paul is addressing a specific situation that the Corinthians asked him about (7:1). Therefore, Paul was not listing every legitimate reason for divorce, but was merely answering a question that had been posed to him. o This fits the Bible's pattern for ethical instruction. The pattern is to give instruction regarding a specific case, from which God's people can deduce a general principle that can be applied to other cases (see the multitude of case laws in Exodus - Deuteronomy). o Using this method of interpretation, the principle behind 1 Cor. 7:15 is that a believer may dissolve their marriage when their spouse has done something to create a necessary separation between them. o Abuse falls within these parameters. It creates a necessary separation by forcing one spouse to leave for their own wellbeing. o To avoid the misapplication of these principles, a spouse who claims to be abused should seek permission for divorce from the Session of their local church (Matt. 18:18).

Is there any present validity to the covenant of works (life)? What is it?

1) Yes. God still demands perfect and personal obedience to be in right standing before him and receive eternal life (Lev. 19:2). 2) Jesus Christ fulfilled this requirement. Through the covenant of grace, all who trust in Christ come under his covenant headship, and his perfect righteousness is imputed to them (Rom. 5:19; 2 Cor. 5:21). 3) Those who do not trust in Christ only relate to God through the covenant of works and through Adam's headship. Therefore, they stand before God as condemned covenant breakers who will not receive eternal life (Rom. 5:12, 16-17, 19).

Is there a real, personal devil? Explain from Scripture.

1) Yes. Satan is an angelic being who was created by God and was originally good (Col. 1:16; Gen. 1:31). 2) But he led other angels in a rebellion against God, and was therefore cast into hell (Ezek. 28; Is. 14; 2 Pet. 2:4). 3) He tempted the historical Eve to sin in the Garden of Eden, resulting in the fall (Gen. 3). 4) He tempted the historical Jesus to sin in the Wilderness and failed (Mt. 4). 5) Satan deceives human beings and tempts us to sin, accuses us before God, and attempts to destroy every work of God (1 Pet. 5:8; Rev. 12:9-10). 6) Yet his power is limited by God's control and authority (Job 1:12; 2:6; Jude 6), and he can be resisted by Christians through the power of Christ (James 4:7). 7) When Christ returns, he will judge Satan and the demons, and cast them into the lake of fire (2 Pet. 2:4; Rev. 20:10).

List the 12 judges.

1. Othniel (3) 2. Ehud (3) 3. Shamgar (3) 4. Deborah (4-5) 5. Gideon (6-8) 6. Toal (10) 7. Jair (10) 8. Jephthah (11-12) 9. Izban (12) 10. Elon (12) 11. Abdon (12) 12. Samson (13-16)

List the 12 apostles.

1. Peter 2. James 3. John 4. Matthew 5. Bartholomew (Nathanael) 6. Matthias (replaced Judas Iscariot) 7. Thomas 8. Simon the Zealot 9. Philip 10. Andrew 11. James son of Alphaeus 12. Thaddeus (Judas son of James)

List the 7 "I Am" statements from the Gospel of John, with references.

1. The Bread of Life (6:35) 2. The Light of the World (8:12) 3. The Door of the Sheep (10:7) 4. The Good Shepherd (10:11) 5. The Resurrection and the Life (11:25) 6. The Way, the Truth and the Life (14:6) 7. The True Vine (15:1)

Christian Sabbath?

1.) Creation Order is Universal and Perpetually Binding (first full day of unfallen communion and fellowship with God): - Gen. 2:2 ("On the seventh day God finished his work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done.") - Heb. 4:4 ("For he has somewhere spoken of the seventh day in this way: 'And God rested on the seventh day from all his works.'") 2.) OT Moral Law: - Ex. 20 (4th Commandment is not only ceremonial, but moral) 3.) Jesus is "Lord of the Sabbath": - Mt. 12:8 ("For the Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath.") 4.) NT Renewal of Creation Order: - Mark 10 (Marriage) - Rom. 1-2 (Sexual Ethics) - 1 Tim. 2 (Females in Church Leadership) 5.) First Day of the Week/Lord's Day (first full day of renewed communion and fellowship with God): - Gospels: Matt 28:1; Mark 16:2; Luke 24:1; John 20:19 ("on the first day of the week.") - Acts 20:7 ("On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread.") - 1 Cor. 16:2 ("On the first day of every week, each of you is to put something aside.") - Rev. 1:10 ("I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day.")

Divorce?

1.) Deut. 24:1-4 (Certificate of Divorce) 2.) Matt. 5:31-32 ("You have heard it said, 'Whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.' But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery.") 3.) Matt. 19:1-12 ("And Pharisees came up to him and tested him by asking, 'Is it lawful to divorce one's wife for any cause?' He answered, 'Have you not read that he who created them from the beginning made them male and female...and they shall become one flesh? What therefore God has joined together let no man separate.") 4.) 1 Cor. 7:10-16 ("The wife should not separate from her husband and the husband should not divorce his wife...But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so.")

God's holiness?

1.) Ex. 3:5 ("Do not come near; take your sandals off your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground.") 2.) Lev. 19:2 / 1 Pet. 1:16 ("You shall be holy, for I the LORD your God am holy.") 3.) Isa. 6 / Rev. 4 ("Holy, holy, holy is the Lord")

Infant Baptism?

1.) Gen. 17:1-14 (Sign of Circumcision) 2.) Acts 2:38-39 ("Repent and be baptized...for the promise is for you and for your children.") 3.) Col. 2:11-12 ("In him also you were circumcised with a circumcision made without hands...having been buried with him in baptism.")

Sanctity of Human Life?

1.) Gen. 1:26-27 ("God created man in his own image; in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.") 2.) Gen. 9:6 ("Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed. For God made man in his own image.") 3.) Ex. 20 (6th Commandment) 4.) Ps. 139:13-16 ("For you formed my inward parts; you knitted me together in my mother's womb. I praise you for I am fearfully and wonderfully made.") 5.) Jer. 1 (Before you born I knew you.)

Marriage?

1.) Gen. 2:18-25 ("A man shall leave his father and mother and cling to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.") 2.) 1 Cor. 7 (Principles of Marriage, "If they cannot exercise self-control, they should marry. For it is better to marry than to be inflamed with passion.") 3). Eph. 5:22-33 ("Husbands love your wives...Wives submit to your husbands.") 4.) Col. 3:18-19 ("Husbands love your wives...Wives submit to your husbands.") 5.) Heb. 13:4 ("Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral.")

Person of the Holy Spirit?

1.) Jn. 14:16 ("And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, to be with you forever.") 2.) Jn. 16:13 ("When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak...He will glorify me.") 3.) Eph. 4:30 ("Do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.")

Deity of Christ?

1.) Jn. 1:1 ("In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." 2.) Jn. 1:14 ("And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as the only Son from the Father." 3.) Jn. 10:30 ("I and the Father are one.") 4.) Jn. 20:28 ("Thomas answered him, "My Lord and my God!") 5.) Col. 1:15 ("He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation.") 6.) Col. 2:9 ("For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily.") 7.) Heb. 1:3 ("He is the radiance of the glory of God, the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by his power.") 8.) Phil. 2:5-7 ("Though he was in the form of God, did not count equality as something to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the form of a servant...")

Significance of the Death of Christ?

1.) Jn. 1:29 ("Behold the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world.") 2.) Acts 4:10-12 ("There is salvation is no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.") 3.) Col. 2:14-15 ("...our record of debt with its legal demands, this he set aside, nailing it to the cross.") 4.) Rom. 3:23-25 ("whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith.") 5.) Heb. 9:24-28 ("So Christ, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, not to deal with sin but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him.")

Suffering?

1.) Job Suffered (Job) 2.) David Suffered (Ps. 91, "Because he holds fast to me in love, I will deliver him; I will protect him because he knows my name." ALSO...Ps. 121, "From where does my help come? My help comes from the Lord.") 3.) Jesus Suffered (Jn. 11 and Passion Narratives) 4.) Paul Suffered (2 Cor. 12, "A thorn was given me in the flesh...to keep me from being too elated.") 5.) Saints Suffer (Rom. 5:1-5, "We rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, and endurance produces character, and character produces hope, and hope does not put us to shame, because God's love has been poured into our hearts.")

Atonement?

1.) Lev. 16 (Day of Atonement) 2.) Isa. 53:5-6 ("He was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed.") 3.) Rom. 3:23-25 ("For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith.") 4.) 2 Cor. 5:21 ("For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.") 5.) 1 Jn. 2:2 ("He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world.") 6.) Heb. 9:26-28 ("He has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.")

Church Discipline?

1.) Matt. 18:15-20 (Confront, Get a brother, Tell the Church) 2.) 1 Cor. 5 ("Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? Cleanse out the old leaven that you may be a new lump, as you really are unleavened.") 3.) Gal. 6:1-2 ("If anyone of you is caught in any transgression, you who are spiritual should restore him in a spirit of gentleness...Bear one another's burdens.")

Civil Government?

1.) Matt. 22:15-22 ("Render to Caesar the things that are Caesars.") 2.) Rom. 13:1-7 ("Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God.") 3.) 1 Pet. 2:13-17 ("Be subject for the Lord's sake to every human institution.")

Return of Christ?

1.) Matt. 24:29-51 ("Concerning the day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only.") 2.) 1 Thes. 4:13-18 ("We who are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we will always be with the Lord.") 3.) 2 Pet. 3:1-13 ("But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will pass away like a roar...we are awaiting on a new heaven and a new earth where righteousness dwells.") 4.) Rev. 19:11-21 ("Then I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse! The one sitting on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he judges and makes war.")

Heaven and Hell?

1.) Matt. 25:31-46 (Final Judgment/Separate sheep and goats) 2.) Jn. 5:28-29 ("Those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.") 3.) Jn. 14:1-4 (Way/Truth/Life..."In my Father's house are many rooms...I go to prepare a place for you.") 4.) Rev. 20:11-21:27 ("If anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.")

The Ministry?

1.) Matt. 28:18-20 (Great Commission) 2.) 1 Tim. 1:5 ("The aim of our charge is love that issues from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith.") 3.) 1 Tim. 4:13-16 ("Devout yourself to the public reading of Scripture, to exhortation, to teaching.") 4.) 2 Tim. 2:2 ("What you have heard from me in the presence of many witnesses entrust to faithful men who will be able to teach others also.") 5.) 2 Tim. 2:24-26 ("The Lord's servant must not be quarrelsome but kind to everyone, able to teach, patiently enduring evil, correcting his opponents with gentleness.") 6.) 2 Cor. 5:11-21 (Ministry of Reconciliation)

Personal Holiness?

1.) Matt. 5-7 (Sermon on the Mount) 2.) Col. 3:1-17 ("Put off the old self with its practices and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator.") 3.) 2 Pet. 1:3-11 ("Make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue.") 4.) 1 Tim. 4:7-8 ("Train yourself for godliness. While bodily training is of some value, godliness is of value in every way.")

Reconciliation Among Believers?

1.) Matt. 5:23-24 ("If you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift...First be reconciled to your brother and then come and offer your gift.") 2.) Matt. 6:12 ("Forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.") 3.) Matt. 18:15-35 ("If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault...But if he doesn't listen, take one or two others along with you...If he refuses to listen, tell it to the church.") 4.) 2 Cor. 5 (Ministry of Reconciliation)

Work?

1.) Prov. 6:6-11 ("How long will you lie there, O sluggard? When will you arise from your sleep?") 2.) Prov. 13:4 ("The soul of the sluggard craves and gets nothing, while the soul of the diligent is richly supplied.") 3.) 2 Thess. 3:10-12 ("If anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat....Now such persons we command and encourage in the Lord Jesus Christ to do their work quietly and to earn their own living.")

Bernard of Clairvaux

12th century theologian who was the official preacher of the 2nd Crusade. • Opposed Peter Abelard

Francis of Assisi

12th-13th century founder of the Franciscan Order. Wrote the hymn Canticle of Brother Son.

John Duns Scotus

13th-14th century theologian who taught at Oxford, the University of Paris and Cologne. His division between faith and reason influenced William of Ockham.

Zwingli

16th century Swiss reformer. Disputed with the Anabaptists, and taught a "memorial" view of the Lord's Supper.

Philip Melanchthon

16th century associate of Luther who systematized Luther's work in the Augsburg Confession and Loci Communes.

Second Helvitic Confession

16th century confessional statement of the Swiss Reformed Church, written by Bullinger, that presents Calvinism as historic evangelical Christianity.

Second Helvetic Confession

16th century creedal statement of the Swiss Reformed Church, written by Bullinger, which presents Calvinism as Evangelical Christianity.

Counter-Reformation

16th century reform of the Catholic Church and counter-offensive in response to the Reformation. Primary means were the Council of Trent, the Jesuits, and the Inquisition. 1) Council of Trent: Met from 1545-1563, and laid the groundwork for modern Catholicism. a) Centered authority in the Papacy b) Corrected abuses in the church c) Fixed Catholic doctrine, much in opposition to Protestants. Issues that were debatable are no longer such. • Scripture and tradition are equal authorities • Justification by grace + works d) Statement on justification followed by a series of anathemas aimed at Protestants. 2) Jesuits: Educators and missionaries who were largely responsible for the Catholic Church taking back much of the ground it lost to Protestants. a) Society of Jesus b) Founded by Ignatius of Loyola 3) The Inquisition: The Catholic Church's systematic fight against heretics through trial and punishment. Primary inquisitions against Protestants were in Italy & Spain.

Augsburg Confession

16th century summary of the Lutheran faith written by Philip Melanchthon, and presented to Emperor Charles V.

When and where was the first American Presbytery formed?

1706, in Philadelphia (by Makemie)

When was the first American synod formed, and who formed it?

1716, formed by the Presbytery of Philadelphia

Arminius

17th century Dutch theologian who founded Arminianism.

Richard Baxter

17th century Puritan and author of "The Reformed Pastor."

Amyraut and the School of Sumur (Amyraldianism)

17th century Reformed theologian and school that attempted to synthesize the Calvinist view of divine election with the Arminian view of unlimited atonement.

Marrow Controversy

17th century controversy in the Church of Scotland over the relationship between the law and the gospel in the conversion process.

Count Zinzendorf

17th century pietist and founder of the Moravian Church.

Thirty Years' War

17th century war, fought primarily in Germany, which involved most of the countries in Europe. The initial cause of the conflict was the divided allegiance to Catholicism vs. Protestantism in various German territories. But there were many complex political factors that contributed as well. 1) The most devastating European war before the 20th century. 2) Historical context: the Peace of Augsburg stipulated that a territory's allegiance to Catholicism or Protestantism would be chosen by its ruler. This was a poor solution that prevented many subjects from worshipping according to their beliefs. 3) Results: the war essentially ended in a stalemate. All people in Germany, rulers as well as subjects, were granted the freedom to be Catholics or Protestants. 4) Worldview Ramifications: the enormous conflict over religious beliefs precipitated a spirit of toleration, and was a main contributor to the growing indifference to religion throughout Europe. This set the stage for the Enlightenment.

William Carey

18th-19th century missionary to India who has been dubbed "the father of modern missions."

Charles Finney

19th century evangelist and leader of the second Great Awakening, whose methods and theology departed from traditional Reformed practices, and unfortunately exerted a great influence over revivalism and 20th century fundamentalism.

D.L. Moody

19th century evangelist, preacher, and founder of Moody Bible Institute.

George Muller

19th century founder of a British orphanage.

What was the Plan of Union?

19th century plan to unite the Presbyterian and Congregational denominations in evangelizing the Old Northwest. Failed.

Paul's Missionary Journeys?

1st: Acts 13-14 2nd: Acts 15-18 3rd: Acts 18-21

"The weapons we fight with are not the weapons of the world. On the contrary, they have divine power to demolish strongholds. We demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ."

2 Cor. 10:4-5

"That is why, for Christ's sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong."

2 Cor. 12:10

But he said to me, "My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness."

2 Cor. 12:9

"Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves have received from God."

2 Cor. 1:3

"Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom."

2 Cor. 3:17

"But we have this treasure in jars of clay to show that this all-surpassing power is from God and not from us."

2 Cor. 4:7

"Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come!"

2 Cor. 5:17

"All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation."

2 Cor. 5:18

"God made him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God."

2 Cor. 5:21

"Do not be yoked together with unbelievers. For what do righteousness and wickedness have in common? Or what fellowship can light have with darkness?"

2 Cor. 6:14

"For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, so that you through his poverty might become rich."

2 Cor. 8:9

"Therefore, my brothers, be all the more eager to make your calling and election sure. For if you do these things, you will never fall."

2 Pet. 1:10

"Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation. For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit."

2 Pet. 1:20-21

"His divine power has given us everything we need for life and godliness through our knowledge of him who called us by his own glory and goodness. Through these he has given us his very great and precious promises, so that through them you may participate in the divine nature and escape the corruption in the world caused by evil desires."

2 Pet. 1:3-4

"But the day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar; the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and everything in it will be laid bare."

2 Pet. 3:10

"But do not forget this one thing, dear friends: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day."

2 Pet. 3:8

David and Bathsheba?

2 Sam. 11-12

"Man of Lawlessness"?

2 Thess. 2:1-12

"For even when we were with you, we gave you this rule: "If a man will not work, he shall not eat."

2 Thess. 3:10

"For God did not give us a spirit of timidity, but a spirit of power, of love and of self-discipline."

2 Tim. 1:7

"Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed and who correctly handles the word of truth."

2 Tim. 2:15

"And the things you have heard me say in the presence of many witnesses entrust to reliable men who will also be qualified to teach others."

2 Tim. 2:2

"All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work."

2 Tim. 3:16-17

"Preach the Word; be prepared in season and out of season; correct, rebuke and encourage--with great patience and careful instruction."

2 Tim. 4:2

Tertullian

2nd - 3rd century theologian, wrote "Apology" and "Against Marcion", wrote about the Trinity, became a Montanist.

Justin Martyr

2nd century apologist who wrote 2 apologies and "Dialogue with Trypho," defending the Christian faith in terms that were acceptable to Greek philosophy by synthesizing it with Platonism.

Irenaeus

2nd century bishop of Lyons, wrote "Against Heresies" against Gnosticism.

Marcionism

2nd century heresy that taught a strong distinction between vengeful God of the OT and the God of the NT, and only accepted a reduced NT canon. 1) Marcion formed a separate church that became a rival to orthodox churches. 2) Some aspects of Marcionism were similar to Gnosticism, in that it taught Jesus was not born into the material world, but merely appeared at age 29. His sufferings were only apparent, not real.

Marcion

2nd century heretic who distinguished between the Gods of the OT and NT, rejected the OT and issued his own edited canon of the NT, organized a church that rivaled the orthodox churches, and had some teachings similar to Gnosticism.

Montanism

2nd century movement that emphasized continuing revelation and asceticism. Tertullian became an adherent.

Celcus

2nd century opponent of Christianity later refuted by Origen

Clement of Alexandria

2nd-3rd century theologian, wrote "Stromateis", Platonist.

Eusebius

3rd - 4th century bishop of Caesarea who wrote the first church history.

Origen

3rd century Alexandrian theologian who was a pioneer in allegorical interpretation, and wrote the apology "Against Celcus", the first systematic theology 'First Principles", and the "Hexapla".

Cyprian

3rd century bishop of Carthage, wrote "The Unity of the Church", high view of the church, taught that baptism can only be performed by the one Catholic church.

Seth?

3rd son of Adam and Eve, and ancenstor of Christ (Gen. 4).

Chrysostom

4th - 5th century bishop of Constantinople (Antioch School) known for his preaching, exiled for opposing imperial and church politics.

Constantine

4th century Emperor who legalized Christianity and called the Council of Nicaea.

Epiphanius

4th century bishop of Salamis, wrote "Panarion" against all heresies known up to his day.

Cappadocian Fathers

4th century men who are especially known for their opposition to Arianism and their theology of the Holy Spirit. Includes Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa.

Athanasius

4th century theologian who opposed Arianism. Wrote "On the Incarnation" and "The Life of St. Anthony".

Jerome

4th- 5th century theologian who translated the Latin Vulgate.

Pelagius

4th-5th century heretic who emphasized human free will and moral responsibility, denied original sin, and taught salvation through meritorious obedience. His chief opponent and critic was Augustine.

St. Patrick

5th century missionary who brought Christianity to Ireland.

Gregory the Great

6th-7th century Pope whose reign inaugurated the middle ages and who greatly increased the power of the papacy. Wrote Pastoral Rule.

Who alone can administer the sacrament of baptism? 56-1

A Teaching elder; neither ruling elders or any private person.

How is a church received into a presbytery?

A commission meets with the RE's to assure they understand and sincerely adopt the doctrines and polity of the PCA. The RE's are required to take the vows of an officer at ordination.

Gnosticism

A group of heresies, primarily in the 2nd century, that taught a radical dualism between the physical and the spiritual, proclaimed salvation through knowledge, and had a docetic view of Christ. 1) Matter is false and evil, and it must be rejected in favor of spirit. 2) Jesus was a teacher who revealed the secret knowledge necessary for salvation. 3) Most famous form is represented by Valentinus. 4) Works include Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Philip, and Gospel of Truth. 5) Major opponents included Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius.

Babylonian Captivity

A period during the 14th century in which 6 consecutive popes, all French, resided in Avignon, France rather than Rome.

What is a redeemer?

A redeemer is someone who buys another person out of slavery. Christ is our Redeemer because he gave himself to redeem us from the slavery of sin. - Tit. 2:14, "Jesus Christ, who gave himself for us to redeem us from all lawlessness and to purify for himself a people for his own possession." - Heb. 9:15, "Therefore, he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, since a death has occurred that redeems them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant."

What is a sacrament? (WCF #92)

A sacrament is a holy ordinance instituted by Christ in his church, in which Christ and the benefits of his mediation of the covenant of grace are signified, sealed and applied to believers (Gal. 3:27; 1 Cor. 10:16).

Peter and Cornelius?

Acts 10

The Jerusalem Council?

Acts 15

The Philippine Jailer?

Acts 16

Bereans?

Acts 17

Paul in Athens?

Acts 17

"The God who made the world and everything in it is the Lord of heaven and earth and does not live in temples built by hands. And he is not served by human hands, as if he needed anything, because he himself gives all men life and breath and everything else."

Acts 17:24-25

"But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth."

Acts 1:8

Pentecost?

Acts 2

Peter replied, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. The promise is for you and your children and for all who are far off--for all whom the Lord our God will call."

Acts 2:38-39

"They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer."

Acts 2:42

The Gospel Spreads to Samaria?

Acts 8 (Saul ravages the Church/Simon the Magician/Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch)

Conversion of Saul?

Acts 9

What relationship does the pastor have with the deacons? 9-4

Acts as advisory member

Apollos?

Alexandrian Jew who proclaimed Christ, and was corrected by Priscilla and Aquilla. Ministered in Corinth (Acts 18 & 19).

Of whom is the General Assembly (GA) composed? 14-2

All Teaching elders in good standing with their Presbyteries, and ruling elders as elected by their Session (2 for first 350 members, 1 for each additional 500).

What is meant by "parity"? (Defend w/ Scripture) 8-9

All elders (teaching and ruling) possess equal authority (1 Pet. 5:1-5).

Who is to be baptized?

All who profess faith in Christ, together with their children (Acts 2:38-39).

Alexandrian School

Allegorical school of interpretation in the ancient church, which was centered in Alexandria. Key members include Clement of Alexandria and Origen.

What is the significance of the resurrection of Christ?

Already-Not Yet. The resurrection empowers us for godly living in the present and it is the source of all our hope for the future. 1) Already (Empowers us for godly living in the present): We are united to Christ in his death and resurrection, which means that in Christ we are dead to sin and alive to God (Rom. 6:5-11). We have already been raised with Christ and walk in newness of life (Col. 3:1; Eph. 2:4-6). 2) Not Yet (The source of our hope for the future): When Christ rose from the dead, he defeated the curse of sin and death on behalf of all his people, and secured the restoration of his entire creation, including our resurrection and glorification that will occur when he returns (1 Cor. 15:21-23; Acts 3:15, 21; Rev. 21:5). Because Jesus rose from the dead, we know that we have eternal life, and that everything which is wrong with this world will one day be made right. If there was no resurrection, our faith is futile and we are still in our sins (1 Cor. 15:17). Life as we know it is cursed and meaningless. If Christ did not rise from the dead, "Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!" (1 Cor. 15:32). 3) All soteric experience (justification, adoption, sanctification, glorification) derives from solidarity in Christ's resurrection and involves existence in the new creation age, inaugurated by his resurrection.

Elisha?

Apprentice and successor of Elijah as prophet to the Northern Kingdom. He performed many miracles and was a prophet for 55 years (1 Kgs. 19; 2 Kgs. 2-6).

Barnabas?

Associate of Paul who ministered at Antioch & accompanied Paul on his first missionary journey (Acts 4; 11-15).

What happens to believers at death?

At death the souls of believers are made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory; and their bodies, being still united to Christ, rest in their graves, until the resurrection (Lk. 23:43; 2 Cor. 5:8).

How often must the deaconate meet? 9-4

At least quarterly

Define and explain the "Incommunicable Attributes" of God.

Attributes that God does not share with man 1) Aseity: God is the ground of his own existence (Rom. 11:36; Jn. 5:26). 2) Immutability: God is perfect and does not change (Mal. 3:6). 3) Infinity: God is not subject to limitations (1 Kgs. 8:27). Includes: a) Perfection (Ps. 18:30) b) Eternity (Ps. 90:2) c) Immensity (omnipresence) (Ps. 139:7-10) 4) Impassibility: God is without passions (Acts 14:11-15) (no mood swings) 5) Unity: a) Unity of singularity: there is only one God, not multiple gods (Deut. 6:4). b) Unity of simplicity: God is not composed of various parts (Ex. 34:6-7).

What parts of the Directory For Worship have constitutional authority? Intro to Part III

BCO 56, 57, 58 alone have full constitutional authority. 1) BCO 56 = Administration of Baptism 2) BCO 57 = Admission to Sealing Ordinances (Communing Membership) 3) BCO 58 = Administration of the Lord's Supper

What is baptism? (WSC #94)

Baptism is a sacrament in which washing with water in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit (Matt. 28:19) signifies and seals: 1) Our in-grafting into Christ (Gal. 3:26-27); 2) Our partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace (Acts 2:38-39); 3) and our engagement to be the Lord's (Rom. 6:3-4).

How is baptism rightly administered?

Baptism is rightly administered through washing with water in the Name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit by a minister of the gospel lawfully ordained (Matt. 28:19; 16:19).

How soon should baptism be administered after birth? 56-1

Baptism should not be unnecessarily delayed.

Does a believer have free will? Explain.

Before conversion we are enslaved to sin, but through regeneration we are freed from this bondage and given the ability to follow God. This is true freedom (Rom. 6:15-23; Jn. 8:34-36).

Was Adam's will before he sinned free? Explain.

Before the fall, Adam had the freedom to do that which was good and pleasing to God, but also had the possibility of falling from it (Gen. 1:31; Eccl. 7:29).

What are biblical requirements for receiving communion?

Believe in Christ, and examine yourself (1 Cor. 11:23-29).

Explain "Grammatical-Historical Exegesis."

Biblical interpretation entails discovering the original meaning of the text that the author intended to communicate to his audience. This requires study in the following areas: 1) The Biblical Languages: vocabulary, grammar and syntax. 2) Genre: sets up shared expectations between the author and audience, requiring unique rules of interpretation. 3) Literary Context: immediate, within the book, and within the entire Bible / history of redemption. 4) Historical and Cultural Background 5) Major historical events and their impact. 6) The cultural setting, life conditions, and worldview of the author and audience. 7) Geographic conditions. 8) The Author: biographical information, relationship to the audience, and knowledge of his other writings.

James the Just?

Brother of Jesus who became an influential leader in the early church. Spoke at the Jerusalem council in Acts 15, wrote the Epistle of James.

James?

Brother of John and apostle of Christ. Martyred in Acts 12.

Laban?

Brother of Rebekah (Isaac's wife); father of Rachel and Leah (Jacob's wives); Jacob's boss for 14 years (Gen. 24; 29-31).

How should Christians keep the Sabbath?

By devoting the day to worship, rest and works of mercy (Ex. 20:8-11; Matt. 12:1-13 [Jesus heals (mercy) and enters synagogue (worship)]).

How were believers justified under the old covenant?

By grace through faith in Jesus Christ, just like us. The main difference is that they looked forward to Christ in faith, whereas we look back on Christ's finished work (Gen. 15:6; Rom. 4:1-5; Heb. 11:39-40).

Cornelius?

Centurion who represented the first Gentile conversion in Acts 10.

What laws besides the moral law did God give his people under the old covenant?

Ceremonial laws (regulated the OT ceremonies and worship) and civil laws (regulated the government of Israel as a nation).

Who is the True appointer of officers? (Defend w/ Scripture) 7-1

Christ through his Holy Spirit - Acts 20:28, "Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to care for the church of God, which he obtained with his own blood." - Eph. 4:11-12, "And he (Jesus) gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the shepherds, and teachers, to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ."

How did Christ, being the Son of God, become a man? (WSC #22)

Christ, the Son of God, became man by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, in the womb of the virgin Mary, and born of her, yet without sin (Heb. 2:14, 17; 4:15; Lk. 1:26-38).

In what areas must a candidate for ordination be examined?

Christian experience, Bible, theology, sacraments, church history, and BCO.

"He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation."

Col. 1:15

"In him you were also circumcised, in the putting off of the sinful nature, not with a circumcision done by the hands of men but with the circumcision done by Christ, having been buried with him in baptism and raised with him through your faith in the power of God, who raised him from the dead."

Col. 2:11-12

"And having disarmed the powers and authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross."

Col. 2:15

"For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form..."

Col. 2:9

"Since, then, you have been raised with Christ, set your hearts on things above, where Christ is seated at the right hand of God."

Col. 3:1

"Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly as you teach and admonish one another with all wisdom, and as you sing psalms, hymns and spiritual songs with gratitude in your hearts to God."

Col. 3:16

"And whatever you do, whether in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him."

Col. 3:17

"Do not lie to each other, since you have taken off your old self with its practices and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator."

Col. 3:9-10

Noah?

Created an ark to rescue God's creature from the flood; mediator of the Noahic covenant (Gen. 6-10).

The Fiery Furnace?

Dan. 3

"All the peoples of the earth are regarded as nothing. He does as he pleases with the powers of heaven and the peoples of the earth. No one can hold back his hand or say to him: "What have you done?"

Dan. 4:35

Vision of the Four Beasts?

Dan. 7

"In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence."

Dan. 7:13

"Seventy 'sevens' are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy."

Dan. 9:24

Solomon?

David's heir, who ruled over Israel during an unprecedented period of peace and prosperity. Built the first temple. In his old age he committed idolatry and sent Israel down a path that would lead to the exile. Wrote most of Proverbs, as well as the Song of Solomon and Ecclesiastes (1 Kgs. 1-11; 1 Chr. 28-2 Chr. 9).

Steven?

Deacon of the early church who was martyred in Acts 6-7.

Antinomianism

Denies the need to obey the OT law. Was a popular component of Gnosticism, and has persisted in various forms down through the centuries.

"Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength."

Deut. 6:4-5

The Shema?

Deut. 6:4-5

Peter?

Disciple and apostle of Jesus. He denied Jesus and was restored. Became a key leader in the early church, who preached at Pentecost, and was the first to preach the gospel to the Gentiles when he preached to Cornelius. Author of 1 & 2 Peter. o Key passages: - Matt. 14 (walk on water) - Matt. 16 (confession, rock) - Lk. 22 (denial) - Jn. 13 (foot washing) - Jn. 21 (restoration) - Acts 2 (sermon) - Acts 10 (Vision/Cornelius)

Timothy?

Disciple of Paul, Pastor of Ephesus, recipient of 1 & 2 Timothy (Acts 16-20). Father was a Gentile, mother was a Jew. Native of Lystra. Joined Paul on his 2nd missionary journey.

What is church discipline? 27-1

Discipline is the exercise of authority given the Church by the Lord Jesus Christ.

What is "Dispensational Theology?"

Dispensationalism is a theological framework that divides Scripture into seven dispensations, and asserts that God relates differently with humanity in each one. Other key doctrines include: o Separation between Israel and the church o Pretribulational rapture o Future literal fulfillment of OT prophecies concerning Israel.

Great Schism

Division between the Eastern and Western Church in 1054. o Three Reasons: 1) Intellectual Alienation: the Greek-speaking East and Latin-speaking West came at theology from such different perspectives that they were no longer able to understand each other. 2) Papal Authority: the West asserted that the Pope was Peter's successor and therefore should rule over the entire church. The East rejected this. 3) The Filioque Controversy: the West added the word "filioque" (and the Son) to the Nicene Creed, stating that the Holy Spirit "proceeds from the Father and the Son." The East rejected this.

How should believers celebrate the Lord's Supper?

During the administration of the Supper, believers should wait upon God with holy reverence and attention, diligently observe the sacramental elements and actions (Matt. 26:28), heedfully discern the Lord's body (1 Cor. 11:29), and affectionately meditate on his death and sufferings (Lk. 22:19), and thereby stir up themselves to a vigorous exercise of their graces; 1) in judging themselves, and sorrowing for sin (1 Cor. 11:31); 2) in earnest hungering and thirsting after Christ, feeding on him by faith (Jn. 6:35), receiving of his fullness, trusting in his merits, rejoicing in his love, giving thanks for his grace (1 Cor. 10:16); 3) in renewing of their covenant with God, and love to all the saints (Acts 2:42).

"There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under heaven:"

Eccl. 3:1

"A cord of three strands is not quickly broken."

Eccl. 4:12

What permanent officers has Christ given to his Church? 7-1

Elders & deacons (1 Tim. 3; Tit. 1; Phil. 1:1)

Who may properly call church assemblies, synods, or councils? For what purpose?

Elders, for the purpose of: 1) Determining controversies of the faith 2) Setting down rules and directions for the better ordering of the public worship of God 3) To receive complaints and determine them authoritatively (Acts 15).

"In him we were also chosen, having been predestined according to the plan of him who works out everything in conformity with the purpose of his will..."

Eph. 1:11

"For he chose us in him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will."

Eph. 1:4-5

"As for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins..."

Eph. 2:1

"For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith -and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God - not by works, so that no one can boast."

Eph. 2:8-9

"Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ."

Eph. 5:21

"Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord."

Eph. 5:22

"Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her..."

Eph. 5:25

"Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right."

Eph. 6:1

The Armor of God?

Eph. 6:10-18

"Put on the full armor of God so that you can take your stand against the devil's schemes."

Eph. 6:11

Which books are commonly labeled "The Prison Epistles"?

Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon

The Exodus?

Ex. 12

The Passover?

Ex. 12

"And God spoke all these words: "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery."

Ex. 20:1-2

Where are the Ten Commandments? What are they?

Ex. 20; Deut. 5 1. You shall have no other gods before me. 2. You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them. 3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. 4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 5. Honor your father and your mother. 6. You shall not murder. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 10. You shall not covet.

"And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, "The LORD, the LORD, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness, maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he punishes the children and their children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation."

Ex. 34:6-7

"God said to Moses, "I AM WHO I AM. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: `I AM has sent me to you.'"

Ex. 3:14

"Do I take any pleasure in the death of the wicked?" declares the Sovereign LORD. "Rather, am I not pleased when they turn from their ways and live?"

Ezek. 18:23

Watchman?

Ezek. 33

"I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit in you and move you to follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws. You will live in the land I gave your forefathers; you will be my people, and I will be your God."

Ezek. 36:26-28

Valley of Dry Bones?

Ezek. 37

The Return from Exile?

Ezra 1-2

Terah?

Father of Abraham (Gen. 11)

Saul?

First king of Israel; rejected by the Lord for failing to devote all of Amalek to destruction (1 Sam. 9-31; 1 Chr. 8-10).

Jeroboam son of Nebat?

First king of the Northern Kingdom, who set up two golden calves to rival Yahweh worship in the North. This made him the ultimate example of evil against which future Northern kings were measured (1 Kgs. 11-14).

What is GA's position? 14-1

GA is the highest court representing all the churches in one body.

"We who are Jews by birth and not 'Gentile sinners' know that a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by observing the law, because by observing the law no one will be justified."

Gal. 2:15-16

"I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me."

Gal. 2:20

"So the law was put in charge to lead us to Christ that we might be justified by faith."

Gal. 3:24

The Law as a Schoolmaster?

Gal. 3:24

"There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise."

Gal. 3:28-29

"Because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, "Abba, Father." So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, God has made you also an heir."

Gal. 4:6-7

"It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery."

Gal. 5:1

"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law."

Gal. 5:22-23

The Fruit of the Spirit (ch. and list them)?

Gal. 5:22-23 ([9] love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control)

"Brothers, if someone is caught in a sin, you who are spiritual should restore him gently."

Gal. 6:1

Creation?

Gen. 1-2

Babel?

Gen. 11

Promise to Abraham?

Gen. 12:1-3

"I will make you into a great nation and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you."

Gen. 12:2-3

Abrahamic Covenant?

Gen. 15

"Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to him as righteousness."

Gen. 15:6

Sign of circumcision?

Gen. 17

"I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you."

Gen. 17:7

Sodom and Gomorrah?

Gen. 18-19

Man made in God's image?

Gen. 1:26-27

"So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. God blessed them and said to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground."

Gen. 1:27-28

The Creation/Cultural mandate?

Gen. 1:28

The sacrifice of Isaac?

Gen. 22

Promise to Isaac?

Gen. 26:1-5

Isaac blesses Jacob?

Gen. 27

Jacob's Ladder/Promise to Jacob?

Gen. 28

"For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh."

Gen. 2:24

Fall?

Gen. 3

Jacob wrestling with the angel?

Gen. 32

"And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel."

Gen. 3:15

Proto-euangelion?

Gen. 3:15

"You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good to accomplish what is now being done, the saving of many lives."

Gen. 50:20

Flood?

Gen. 6-8

"The LORD saw how great man's wickedness on the earth had become, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the time."

Gen. 6:5

Noahic Covenant?

Gen. 8:20 - 9:17

Proselytes?

Gentiles who had converted to Judaism by being baptized, circumcised, and obeying the law.

God-Fearers?

Gentiles who worshiped with the Jews and participated in the community, but were not full converts, usually because they did not want to be circumcised.

Who or what is Lord of the conscience?

God alone is Lord of the conscience (Rom. 14:4; James 4:12).

What does the Bible teach about the creation of human beings? (WSC #10)

God created man male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness and holiness, with dominion over the creatures (Gen. 1:26-28; Col. 3:10; Eph. 4:24).

How does God execute his decrees? (WSC #8)

God executes his decrees in the works of creation and providence (Dan. 4:35; Rev. 4:11).

What is God?

God is a Spirit (Jn. 4), infinite (1 Kgs. 8), eternal (Ps. 90), and unchangeable (Mal. 3) in his being (Ex. 3), wisdom (Rom. 11), power (Jer. 32), holiness (Lev. 19), justice (Dt. 32), goodness (Ps. 34) and truth (1 Jn. 5).

In what sense is repentance "necessary?"

God will not forgive our sin if we have not turned from it (Lk. 13:3; Acts 17:30-31).

What is an Amyraldian view of God's decrees?

God's decree of salvation logically precedes his decree of election. This allowed Amyrald to postulate a universal design in the atonement while still holding to predestination.

What are God's works of providence? (WSC #11)

God's works of providence are his most holy, wise and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions (Heb. 1:3; Dan. 4:34-35).

What are good works?

Good works are only such which God has commanded in his Word (Mic. 6:8; Eph. 2:10). Dr. Frame: - Right Standard (Law of God) - Right Goal (Glory of God) - Right Motive (Love of God)

What is the relationship between good works and faith?

Good works are the fruit of faith. Works flow from faith, not faith from works. - James 2:17, "Faith by itself, if it is not accompanied with works, is dead." - Rom. 16:26, "To bring about the obedience of faith." - Gal. 5:6 (Fruits of the Spirit)

Zerrubbabel?

Governor during the restoration who rebuilt the temple (1 Chron. 3; Ezr. 3; Neh. 7; Hag. 2; Zech. 4).

Covenanters

Group of Scots who signed the 17th century National Covenant, protesting the English monarchy's imposition of Episcopal church government and the Book of Common Prayer upon Scotland.

"See, he is puffed up; his desires are not upright-- but the righteous will live by his faith."

Hab. 2:4 (Rom. 1 / Luther)

"Therefore, brothers, since we have confidence to enter the Most Holy Place by the blood of Jesus, by a new and living way opened for us through the curtain, that is, his body, and since we have a great priest over the house of God..."

Heb. 10:19-21

"And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds. Let us not give up meeting together, as some are in the habit of doing, but let us encourage one another--and all the more as you see the Day approaching."

Heb. 10:24-25

Not forsaking meeting together?

Heb. 10:25

"Now faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see."

Heb. 11:1

"And without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who earnestly seek him."

Heb. 11:6

"Therefore, since we are surrounded by such a great cloud of witnesses, let us throw off everything that hinders and the sin that so easily entangles, and let us run with perseverance the race marked out for us."

Heb. 12:1

"Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God."

Heb. 12:2

"Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral."

Heb. 13:4

"Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever."

Heb. 13:8

"The Son is the radiance of God's glory and the exact representation of his being, sustaining all things by his powerful word. After he had provided purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty in heaven."

Heb. 1:3

"Because he himself suffered when he was tempted, he is able to help those who are being tempted."

Heb. 2:18

"For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart."

Heb. 4:12

"Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has gone through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to the faith we profess. For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are--yet was without sin. Let us then approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need."

Heb. 4:14-16

"It is impossible for those who have once been enlightened, who have tasted the heavenly gift, who have shared in the Holy Spirit, who have tasted the goodness of the word of God and the powers of the coming age, if they fall away, to be brought back to repentance, because to their loss they are crucifying the Son of God all over again and subjecting him to public disgrace."

Heb. 6:4-6

The Washings of the New Covenant?

Heb. 9

Docetism

Heresy of the early church that denied Jesus had come in the flesh. 1) Jesus only seemed to be a man, but was truly a pure spirit-being uncontaminated by the material world. Thus Jesus did not truly "die" on the cross. 2) Docetism was present as early as the 1st century, was combated by the apostle John in 1 Jn. 4:2, and became an important aspect of Gnosticism.

Caiaphas?

High priest before whom Jesus was tried (Matt. 26).

What is "review and control"? 11-4; 40-1, 2

Higher courts have the right to review and control the lower courts' minutes. 1) Correctly recorded proceedings 2) Conformity to Constitution 3) Conformity to peace, purity and unity of the church 4) Conformity to the lawful injunctions of higher courts

Priscilla and Aquila?

Husband and wife who were associated with Paul, and corrected Apollos' teaching concerning Jesus (Acts 18).

Briefly discuss the length of the days of creation.

I hold to the Framework view, instead of the 24-hour, Day-Age, and Analogical views. The days are to be understood as literal 24-hour days that are organized literarily. 1) Genesis 1 clearly written in a literary style (Panel Writing). a) First three days (Preparation/Habitats/Kingdoms) b) Second three days (Population/Inhabitants/Kings) 2) Still represents a historical account but not a scientific account. 3) God is solving 3 problems of disorder: a) Formless and Void: Solved by creation of inhabitants (Days 4, 5, 6) b) Darkness: Not eliminated completely but set in an alternating pattern of light/darkness (Day 1) c) Primordial Sea: Not eliminated but put in proper place (Days 2-3) 4) Is the intent of Genesis 1 to answer the "how long were the days?", or to reveal how God solves the problem of disorder? 5) Genesis 1 and 2 order of creation discrepancy is solved when we don't see the accounts as an exact order of event with scientific understanding. 6) The 7th day of rest shows the structure of a week (similar to Analogical View).

How would you explain the plan of salvation to an unbeliever?

I would explain to them who God is, who man is, who Jesus is, and what their response should be... 1) Who is God? God is holy, and he requires people to be holy in order to be in a right relationship with him (Lev. 19:2). God is just, so he cannot allow sin to go unpunished (Ex. 34:7). 2) Who is man? Man is sinful (Rom. 3:23), and the wages of sin is death (Rom. 6:23). 3) Who is Jesus? Jesus is fully God and fully man, and he lived a sinless life for us, died on the cross to pay the penalty for our sin, and rose from the dead to defeat death for us. This enables us to have a right relationship with God and eternal life (Col. 2:9; Phil. 3:9; Rom. 3:24-26; 1 Cor. 15:21-22). 4) What is the proper response? To repent and trust in Christ for your salvation, not yourself or your own works (Acts 2:38-39; Eph. 2:8-9).

Why is it important that we distinguish between justification and sanctification?

If we don't distinguish between them we come to affirm that our sanctification is the means to our justification, which is salvation by works.

What is the Adoption Act?

In 1729, the Synod of Philadelphia adopted the Westminster Standards and mandated that all ministers adhere to them.

Under what circumstances is divorce permissible?

In cases of adultery or desertion (Matt. 5:31-32; 19:1-9; 1 Cor. 7:15).

Samaritans?

Inhabitants of an area between Judea and Galilee who had interracially mixed with Gentiles, erected their own site for worship, and only accepted their version of the Pentateuch as inspired Scripture (Jn. 4; Lk. 10).

What is the difference between "inspiration" and "illumination?"

Inspiration is the Spirit's work of producing the inerrant Scriptures, whereas illumination is the Spirit's work of enabling us to understand those Scriptures.

Define and defend the "inspiration" of Scripture.

Inspiration means that the authors of Scripture were supernaturally directed by the Holy Spirit as they wrote, so that the Bible is the very Word of God (2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 1:20-21).

"A shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse; from his roots a Branch will bear fruit."

Isa. 11:1

"Come now, let us reason together," says the LORD. "Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red as crimson, they shall be like wool."

Isa. 1:18

The Servant Songs?

Isa. 42:1-9; 49:1-13; 50:4-9; 52:13 - 53:12 (Suffering Servant)

"I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me. I make known the end from the beginning, from ancient times, what is still to come. I say: My purpose will stand, and I will do all that I please."

Isa. 46:9-10

"But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed."

Isa. 53:5

"Come, all you who are thirsty, come to the waters; and you who have no money, come, buy and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without cost."

Isa. 55:1

"The Spirit of the Sovereign LORD is on me, because the LORD has anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the prisoners."

Isa. 61:1

"All of us have become like one who is unclean, and all our righteous acts are like filthy rags."

Isa. 64:6

"Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel."

Isa. 7:14

The Immanuel Prophecy/Virgin Birth?

Isa. 7:14-15

"For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace."

Isa. 9:6

What is the value of studying church history?

It assists us in expanding our present and shaping our future by: 1) Educating us on the historical roots of our beliefs and circumstances. 2) Teaching us to learn from the examples of our predecessors, 3) Helping us to find our place in God's story.

Where does saving faith come from?

It is a gift of God, worked in our heart through the Holy Spirit (Eph. 2:8-9; 2 Thes. 2:13).

How often should the Session and Deacons have a joint meeting? 9-4

It is desirable they meet together once a quarter to confer on matters of common interest.

Defend the Deity of the Holy Spirit.

It is evident that the Holy Spirit is God because the names, attributes, works and worship of God are all attributed to him... 1) Names: Spirit is called "God" (Acts 5:3-4) 2) Attributes: Spirit alone knows the thoughts of God (1 Cor. 2:10-11). 3) Works: Spirit was active in creating the world (Gen. 1:2). 4) Worship: we are baptized in the name of the Spirit (Matt. 28:19). The Spirit is identified with the Father and the Son in 2 Cor. 13:14.

Who may and may not be lawfully married?

It is lawful for all sorts of people to marry who are able to give their consent with judgment. Yet it is the duty of Christians to marry in the Lord (1 Cor. 7:2; 2 Cor. 6:14).

What are the personal properties of the three persons of the Godhead? (WLC #16)

It is proper for the Father to beget the Son (Heb. 1:5), and for the Son to be begotten of the Father (Jn. 1:14), and for the Holy Spirit to proceed from the Father and the Son from all eternity (Jn. 15:26; Gal. 4:6).

"When tempted, no one should say, "God is tempting me." For God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does he tempt anyone."

James 1:13

"Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, for man's anger does not bring about the righteous life that God desires."

James 1:19-20

"Do not merely listen to the word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says."

James 1:22

"Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world."

James 1:27

"If any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him."

James 1:5

"...he who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. That man should not think he will receive anything from the Lord; he is a double-minded man, unstable in all he does."

James 1:6-8

"What good is it, my brothers, if a man claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save him?"

James 2:14

"Not many of you should presume to be teachers, my brothers, because you know that we who teach will be judged more strictly."

James 3:1

Taming the Tongue?

James 3:1-12

"...but no man can tame the tongue. It is a restless evil, full of deadly poison. With the tongue we praise our Lord and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in God's likeness. Out of the same mouth come praise and cursing. My brothers, this should not be."

James 3:8-10

"What causes fights and quarrels among you? Don't they come from your desires that battle within you?"

James 4:1

"Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up."

James 4:10

"Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. Come near to God and he will come near to you. Wash your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded."

James 4:7-8

"The heart is deceitful above all things and beyond cure. Who can understand it?"

Jer. 17:9

"Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, before you were born I set you apart; I appointed you as a prophet to the nations."

Jer. 1:5

"Be appalled at this, O heavens, and shudder with great horror," declares the Lord. "My people have committed two sins: They have forsaken me, the spring of living water, and have dug their own cisterns, broken cisterns that cannot hold water."

Jer. 2:12-13

Prophecy of the New Covenant?

Jer. 31:31-34

"This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after that time," declares the LORD. "I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people. No longer will a man teach his neighbor, or a man his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord,' because they will all know me, from the least of them to the greatest," declares the Lord. "For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more."

Jer. 31:33-34

"'In those days and at that time I will make a righteous Branch sprout from David's line; he will do what is just and right in the land. In those days Judah will be saved and Jerusalem will live in safety. This is the name by which it will be called: The LORD Our Righteousness.'"

Jer. 33:15-16

"This is what the LORD says: "Let not the wise man boast of his wisdom or the strong man boast of his strength or the rich man boast of his riches, but let him who boasts boast about this: that he understands and knows me, that I am the LORD, who exercises kindness, justice and righteousness on earth, for in these I delight," declares the LORD.

Jer. 9:23-24

Who is the head of the Church?

Jesus Christ (Eph. 1:22; Col. 1:18).

Briefly discuss the natures of Christ.

Jesus Christ is fully God and fully man. As to his deity, Christ is of one substance with the Father (Col. 2:9; Phil. 2:6), but as to his humanity he is of one substance with us (Heb. 2:14-18; Phil. 2:7-8).

Ebionites

Jewish Christians in the 1st - 4th centuries who denied the preexistence of Christ and believed the entire OT law was necessary for salvation.

Essenes?

Jewish sect that lived at Qumran, a separate community from the rest of society. They rejected the Jerusalem priesthood, boycotted the Temple, and saw themselves as the true Israel. Composed the Damascus Document and the Community Rule.

Jesus as the Good Shepherd?

Jn. 10

"I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep."

Jn. 10:11

"My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me. I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand. My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all; no one can snatch them out of my Father's hand."

Jn. 10:27-29

Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will live, even though he dies."

Jn. 11:25

The Upper Room Discourse?

Jn. 13-17

"A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. By this all men will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another."

Jn. 13:34-35

"If you love me, you will obey what I command."

Jn. 14:15

The Comforter/Helper?

Jn. 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7

"But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you."

Jn. 14:26

Jesus answered, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me."

Jn. 14:6

"I am the vine; you are the branches. If a man remains in me and I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing."

Jn. 15:5

"But I tell you the truth: It is for your good that I am going away. Unless I go away, the Counselor will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you. When he comes, he will convict the world of guilt in regard to sin and righteousness and judgment."

Jn. 16:7-8

The High Priestly Prayer?

Jn. 17

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."

Jn. 1:1

"The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth."

Jn. 1:14

The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, "Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!"

Jn. 1:29

"But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name."

Jn. 20:31

Jesus and Nicodemus?

Jn. 3

"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life."

Jn. 3:16

In reply Jesus declared, "I tell you the truth, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again."

Jn. 3:3

The Woman at the Well?

Jn. 4

"God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in spirit and in truth."

Jn. 4:24

Then Jesus declared, "I am the bread of life. He who comes to me will never go hungry, and he who believes in me will never be thirsty."

Jn. 6:35

"No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him, and I will raise him up at the last day."

Jn. 6:44

When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, "I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life."

Jn. 8:12

"Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free."

Jn. 8:32

"I tell you the truth," Jesus answered, "before Abraham was born, I am!"

Jn. 8:58

"Naked I came from my mother's womb, and naked I will depart. The LORD gave and the LORD has taken away; may the name of the LORD be praised."

Job 1:21

"And afterward, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions."

Joel 2:28

"But as for me and my household, we will serve the LORD."

Josh. 24:15

Fall of Jericho?

Josh. 6

Samson?

Judge of Israel who combated the Philistines; a Nazarite from birth; his lover Delilah led to his capture by the Philistines (Jud. 13-16).

Gideon?

Judge of Israel who defeated Midian; makes an ephod that became a snare to himself, his family and Israel (Jud. 6-8).

What is the difference between justification and sanctification?

Justification and sanctification differ in respect to sin, righteousness, the time of their perfection, and their degree in believers (S-R-T-D)... 1) Sin: in justification sin's guilt is pardoned, in sanctification sin's power is subdued (Rom. 3:23-25; 6:22). 2) Righteousness: in justification Christ's righteousness is imputed, in sanctification the Spirit transforms our heart and makes us more righteous. (2 Cor. 5:21; Rom. 15:16). 3) Time of its Perfection: justification is perfect in this life, sanctification is not perfect until glory (1 Jn. 1:7-8). 4) Degree in believers: justification is equal in all, sanctification is not (degrees of holiness between believers).

Nebuchadnezzar?

King of Babylon who destroyed Judah and exiled the people, and interacted with Daniel (2 Kgs. 24-25; 2 Chr. 36; Dan. 1-4; Jer. 29).

Neco?

King of Egypt, who killed Josiah and fell to Nebuchadnezzar at Carchemish (2 Kgs. 23; 2 Chr. 35).

Josiah?

King of Judah who instituted massive religious reforms, but was killed fighting Neco (2 Kgs. 22-23).

Hezekiah?

King of Judah who instituted religious reform and improved the safety and prosperity of the nation. He was king when Sennacherib attacked Judah (Isaiah prophesied Sannacherib's fall), and was rebuked for showing-off his prosperity to the Babylonian envoys (2 Kgs. 18-20).

Herod the Great?

King of Judea (under Roman authority) at the time of Jesus' birth. Ordered all of the baby boys in Bethlehem under age two to be killed (Matt. 2; Lk. 1).

Ahasuerus (Xerxes)?

King of Persia who took Esther as his wife, hanged Haman and exalted Mordecai (Esther; Dan. 9).

What are the proper duties of civil authorities?

LOJ-HEN 1) Law & Order: restraining evil and promoting civic righteousness (Rom. 13:1-7). 2) Justice: the structural safe-guarding of human rights, and protecting the rights of the poor and socially weak (Ps. 82:1-4; Prov. 31:9; Isa. 10:1-2). 3) Health & Safety (Deut. 22:8; 23:12). 4) Environmental Protection (Deut. 20:19; 23:6) 5) National security & defense (Rom. 13:1-7).

Moses?

Led the people of Israel out of slavery in Egypt, through the wilderness for 40 years, and to the threshold of the Promised Land; mediator of the Mosaic covenant; author of the Pentateuch (Exod.-Deut.).

The Day of Atonement?

Lev. 16

"Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against one of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD."

Lev. 19:18

Parable of the Good Samaritan?

Lk. 10:25-37

Parable of the Prodigal Son?

Lk. 15:11-32

The Road to Emmaus?

Lk. 24

Birth of Jesus (Shepherds)?

Lk. 2:1-21

"And Jesus grew in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men."

Lk. 2:52

Then he said to them all: "If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me."

Lk. 9:23

What are some of the consequences of sin?

Loss of communion with God, being under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever (Gen. 3:16-19; Rom. 5:12-21; Matt. 10:28). 1) When a Christian sins, his judicial standing before God does not change. Therefore, he does not come under God's wrath and curse, nor is he made liable to the pains of hell (Rom. 8:1; 1 Jn. 2:1-2). 2) However, he does still experience miseries in this life, and is made liable to death, as a result of original sin (Rom. 5:12, 18-19; 8:20). 3) But when a Christian sins, he does fall under God's fatherly displeasure. His fellowship with God is disrupted, and his Christian life is damaged (Ps. 89:30-33; Eph. 4:30; Jn. 15:4; Rom. 6:16).

Hagar?

Maidservant of Sarai who bore Ishmael to Abraham; Paul refers to her in Gal. 4 (Gen. 16).

"See, I will send my messenger, who will prepare the way before me. Then suddenly the Lord you are seeking will come to his temple; the messenger of the covenant, whom you desire, will come," says the LORD Almighty."

Mal. 3:1

Can a sinner do anything good? Explain.

Man has lost all ability to do any spiritual good (Rom. 8:7-8). He may do many praiseworthy things in relation to his fellow-man, but even his best works are defective in relation to God, because they are not done out love for God or obedience to him (Isa. 64:6; Heb. 11:6).

What is the chief end of man? (WSC #1)

Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him forever (1 Cor. 10:31; Isa. 43:7; Rom. 11:36; 1 Pet. 4:10-11; Phil. 4:4; Ps. 16:5-11).

By whom and for what purpose was marriage designed?

Marriage was designed by God for the mutual help of husband and wife, for the increase of mankind and the church, and for preventing uncleanness (Gen. 1:26-28; 2:18; 1 Cor. 7:2).

"Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest."

Matt. 11:28

Parable of the Sower?

Matt. 13

Parables of the Kingdom?

Matt. 13

Peter's Confession?

Matt. 16:16-18

"And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it."

Matt. 16:18

Keys of the Kingdom?

Matt. 16:19; 18:18

Church Discipline/Correcting a Brother?

Matt. 18:15-18

Birth of Jesus (Wisemen)?

Matt. 1:18 - 2:12

Jesus replied: "Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind."

Matt. 22:37

The Great Commission?

Matt. 28:18-20

Then Jesus came to them and said, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age."

Matt. 28:18-20

Sermon on the Mount (with outline)?

Matt. 5-7 1) 5:1-16: Prologue - Beatitudes: 5:1-12 (Luke 6:20-23) - Salt and light: 5:13-16 2) 5:17-48: Obey the law in spirit, not just the letter (Scribes) 3) 6:1-18: Practice righteousness with proper motives (Pharisees) 4) 6:19-34: Seek the Kingdom over the things of the world 5) 7:1-27: Proper response to the sermon

"You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled by men."

Matt. 5:13

"You are the light of the world. A city on a hill cannot be hidden."

Matt. 5:14

"Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them."

Matt. 5:17

"You have heard that it was said, `Do not commit adultery.' But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart."

Matt. 5:27-28

"But I tell you, Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also."

Matt. 5:39

"But I tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be sons of your Father in heaven."

Matt. 5:44-45

"Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also."

Matt. 6:19-21

"No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money."

Matt. 6:24

"But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well."

Matt. 6:33

"Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own."

Matt. 6:34

"So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets."

Matt. 7:12

"Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it."

Matt. 7:13-14

"Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you."

Matt. 7:7

Then he said to his disciples, "The harvest is plentiful but the workers are few. Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into his harvest field."

Matt. 9:37-38

Abraham?

Mediator of the Abrahamic covenant; father of the nation of Israel; sons were Isaac and Ishmael; God instituted the covenant sign of circumcision with him (Gen. 12-25).

"But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times."

Micah 5:2

"He has showed you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God."

Micah 6:8

John L. Girardeau

Minister to the slaves in Charleston. Professor at Columbia Seminary. Lone vote in opposition to church segregation at GA.

"For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many."

Mk. 10:45

Benjamin Morgan Palmer

Moderator of the first GA of the PCCSA.

What were some good things that happened during the modern period, particularly the 19th and 20th centuries?

Modern Missions, and the spread of the gospel in Africa, Asia and South America

Antiochene School

More literal school of interpretation in the ancient church that was centered in Antioch. Key members include Chrysostom.

James Henley Thornwell

Most important churchman of the 19 century South. Debated many issues with Charles Hodge.

Radical Reformation

Movement that arose during the Reformation which emphasized separation of church and state and the experience of regeneration over forensic justification, and rejected infant baptism. Wanted the Reformation to move quicker than it was.

Monasticism

Movement that became popular after the conversion of Constantine and thrived in the middle ages, in which people withdrew from society into communities that stressed prayer, work, study, charity, and asceticism. 1) "The Life of St. Anthony" by Athanasius helped popularize monasticism 2) Pattern of monastic life was established by St. Benedict. 3) Important monastic orders include the Benedictine, Franciscan and Dominicans. 4) Benefits: o Largely responsible for the preservation of education and learning in the West after the fall of Rome. o Stress the importance of balancing work with prayer and study o Stress the importance of charity work 5) Criticisms: o Asceticism was built upon a dualistic view of body and spirit. It devalued the goodness of the body, which should be cared for as a gift from God. o Withdrawal from society failed to live up to Jesus' prayer in Jn. 17 that we would be in the world but not of the world.

Zealots?

Nationalistic, revolutionary Jews who led the revolt against Rome.

Is a sinner's will free to believe? Explain.

Natural man is dead in sin, and is not able to convert himself or to believe by his own strength. - Eph. 2:1, "And you who were dead in the trespasses and sins, following the course this world." - Rom. 3:10-11, "No one is righteous, no, not one; no one understands; no one seeks for God." - Gen. 6:5, "The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually."

Is foot washing a sacrament? Why?

No. 1) Foot-washing is not a sign and seal of the benefits we receive from Christ's mediation of the covenant of grace, but rather a symbol of the acts of humility and service that we should perform (Jn.13:13-16). 2) Foot-washing was not instituted as an ordinance that continues until Christ returns (Jn. 13:13-16; cf. Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 11:26). 3) There is no evidence that the apostles or early church practiced foot-washing as a sacrament, but there is ample evidence that they practiced baptism and the Lord's Supper.

Can anyone become perfectly sanctified and sinless in this life? Explain.

No. Sanctification is imperfect in this life, because there still abides some remnants of corruption in every part of man, which results in a war between the flesh and the Spirit (1 Jn. 1:8; Rom. 7:18-24).

Does the "communion of the saints" deny the right of private property?

No. Scripture teaches that Christians can own property and exercise control of it (Acts 5:4; 4:28).

Is God responsible for sin?

No. The full responsibility of sin lies with us and with our first parents, Adam and Eve (James 1:13-15; Rom. 5:12).

Isn't it inconsistent to practice paedo-baptism but not paedo-communion?

No. There are important differences between the sacraments that lead to a different practice in this area: 1) Baptism is a rite of initiation into the church (Gen. 17:9-12; Acts 2:38-39), whereas the Lord's Supper is a practice of continuing fellowship (1 Cor. 11:17). 2) In baptism, the recipient is completely passive, whereas in the Lord's Supper the recipient is active. 3) Scripture explicitly commands us to examine ourselves and remember Christ as we celebrate the Lord's Supper (1 Cor. 11:23-29), and doing so while in the act of taking the Lord's Supper is intrinsic to receiving the grace of the sacrament. There is no such command that the recipient is to perform in the act of baptism.

When will Christ return?

Nobody knows (Mk. 13; Mt. 24).

Will any receive a second chance?

Nope (Heb. 9:27, "It is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment.")

"The LORD bless you and keep you; the LORD make his face shine upon you and be gracious to you; the LORD turn his face toward you and give you peace."

Num. 6:24-26

Caleb?

One of the spies who spied out the Promised Land; he and Joshua were the only spies to give a good report (Num. 13; Josh. 14-15).

Joshua?

One of the spies who spied out the Promised Land; took over for Moses and led Israel in the conquest of the Promised Land (Exod. 17; Num. 13; Joshua).

Why did the Mediator have to be fully God and fully man?

Only God is able...Only man is liable. Only God could provide a sacrifice sufficient to atone for the sins of all his people, but only a man could pay the punishment for other men (Heb. 2:17; 7:23-28).

What is an "Evangelical Faith?"

Our faith is centered in the gospel. This is summarized by the 5 sola's of the Reformation: 1) Scripture alone: the Bible is God's only infallible rule of faith and practice (2 Tim. 3:16-17). 2) Christ alone: Jesus Christ is the only means of salvation, and the only mediator between God and man (Acts 4:24). 3) Grace alone: salvation is only by grace, not by works (Eph. 2:8-9). 4) Faith alone: salvation is only by faith, trusting in Christ's substitutionary death and imputed righteousness (Rom. 3:23-25). 5) For the glory of God alone: Man's chief end is to glorify God (Isa. 43:6-7).

From where comes our full assurance of the inerrancy and infallible authority of Scripture?

Our full assurance of the infallible truth and divine authority of Scripture is from the work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness with the Word in our hearts (1 Cor. 2:14-16; 1 Thess. 1:5).

What is an associate member? 46-4

PCA members temporarily residing in a location other than their permanent homes.

Theophilus?

Person to whom Luke/Acts is written (Lk. 1; Acts 1).

Paul?

Pharisee and persecutor of the church, who converted to Christianity after Jesus appeared to him on the road to Damascus in Acts 9. Became an apostle to the gentiles and a significant leader in the early church. Authored 13 epistles (Acts 7-28).

"...being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus."

Phil. 1:6

"...continue to work out your salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you to will and to act according to his good purpose."

Phil. 2:12-13

"Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness. And being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself and became obedient to death—even death on a cross! Therefore God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father."

Phil. 2:5-11

"I want to know Christ and the power of his resurrection and the fellowship of sharing in his sufferings, becoming like him in his death, and so, somehow, to attain to the resurrection from the dead."

Phil. 3:10-11

"But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, I press on toward the goal to win the prize for which God has called me heavenward in Christ Jesus."

Phil. 3:13-14

"I can do everything through him who gives me strength."

Phil. 4:13

"Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus."

Phil. 4:6-7

What is meant by "plenary verbal inspiration?"

Plenary verbal inspiration means that every word of Scripture is inspired by God, and communicates exactly what God wanted to communicate (2 Pet. 1:20-21).

Sanballet?

Post-exilic Governor of Samaria, who opposed the rebuilding of the wall (Neh. 2-6).

Nehemiah?

Post-exilic governor of Jerusalem who helped rebuild the city, and authored the book that bears his name. Previously a cup-bearer to the Persian king (Nehemiah).

What is the biblical basis for Presbyterian Government?

Presbyterian Government Is Based on Three Chief Principles: 1) Derived authority: Elders are stewards of Christ's authority (Matt. 28:18-20; 1 Thess. 5:12-13). 2) Plurality of elders: Not one elder, but many elders (1 Tim. 4.14; Tit. 1:5). 3) Parity of elders: All elders have equal authority (1 Pet. 5:1-5; Tit. 1:5-7). • The terms "elder/presbyter", "overseer/bishop", and "pastor/shepherd" are synonymous (esp. 1 Pet. 5:1-5). • Elder/Presbyter: πρεσβυτερος • Overseer/Bishop: επισκοπος • Pastor/Shepherd: ποιμην (noun) ποιμαινω (verb) Presbyterian Government was Sanctioned by the Apostles: 1) Apostolic Command (Explicit and Implied): Tit. 1:5-9; 1 Tim. 3:1-15 ("ought"); 5:17-19; 1 Pet. 5:1-4; 1 Tim. 5:22 with 2 Tim 2:2; 1 Thes. 5:12-13; Heb. 13:17 2) Apostolic Example: • Acts 14:23 (Appointed elders in all the churches) • Acts 15 (Disputed issues settled in higher court, and its decrees are binding on the whole church) • Acts 6:1-7 (Deacons distinguished from preaching and prayer) • Acts 20:17, 28 (elders = overseers appointed by Spirit)

Ezra?

Priest during the restoration who led religious reform (Ezr. 7-10; Neh. 8-10).

Sadducees?

Priestly, aristocratic religious leaders who emphasized the authority of Scripture above tradition, and rejected the resurrection of the dead. Opposed the Pharisees (Matt. 22 (wife in resurrection?); Acts 23 (Paul's trial ---> resurrection).

Robert Lewis Dabney

Professor at Union Seminary (VA) who defended slavery and was largely responsible for the union of the Old and New school churches in the South.

Samuel?

Prophet and last judge of Israel; anointed Saul and David as king (1 Sam. 1-16; 25).

Ezekiel?

Prophet during the exile who explained that in occurred because of Israel's sin, predicted the restoration, and authored the book that bears his name (Ezekiel).

Daniel?

Prophet during the exile who occupied an important leadership positions in the Babylonian and Persian Empires. Predicted many future events, including the rise of the Persian, Greek and Roman Empires, and the Messiah (Daniel).

Jeremiah?

Prophet to Judah just before the exile, and author of the book of Jeremiah.

Isaiah?

Prophet to Judah who predicted the exile, restoration, and Messiah. Generally considered the greatest of the writing prophets (2 Kgs. 19-20; Isaiah).

Elijah?

Prophet to the Northern Kingdom who opposed Ahab and Baal worship. He was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire (1 Kgs. 17-2 Kgs. 2).

Deborah?

Prophetess and judge of Israel who helped defeat Jabin and Sisera (Jud. 4-5).

"He who spares the rod hates his son, but he who loves him is careful to discipline him."

Prov. 13:24

"There is a way that seems right to a man, but in the end it leads to death."

Prov. 14:12

"A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger."

Prov. 15:1

"As iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another."

Prov. 27:17

"A wife of noble character who can find? She is worth far more than rubies."

Prov. 31:10

"Charm is deceptive, and beauty is fleeting; but a woman who fears the LORD is to be praised."

Prov. 31:30

"The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom, and knowledge of the Holy One is understanding."

Prov. 9:10

"As far as the east is from the west, so far has he removed our transgressions from us."

Ps. 103:12

The LORD says to my Lord: "Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet."

Ps. 110:1

"Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints."

Ps. 116:15

"This is the day the LORD has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it."

Ps. 118:24

"Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path."

Ps. 119:105

"I lift up my eyes to the hills - where does my help come from?"

Ps. 121:1

"Unless the LORD builds the house, its builders labor in vain. Unless the LORD watches over the city, the watchmen stand guard in vain."

Ps. 127:1

"How good and pleasant it is when brothers live together in unity!"

Ps. 133:1

"Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good. His love endures forever."

Ps. 136:1

"O LORD, you have searched me and you know me."

Ps. 139:1

"For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother's womb."

Ps. 139:13

"Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will rest secure, because you will not abandon me to the grave, nor will you let your Holy One see decay."

Ps. 16:9-10

"The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands."

Ps. 19:1

"Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked or stand in the way of sinners or sit in the seat of mockers."

Ps. 1:1

"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from saving me, so far from the words of my groaning?"

Ps. 22:1

"The LORD is my shepherd, I shall not be in want."

Ps. 23:1

"Delight yourself in the LORD and he will give you the desires of your heart."

Ps. 37:4

"As the deer pants for streams of water, so my soul pants for you, O God."

Ps. 42:1

"Be still, and know that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted in the earth."

Ps. 46:10

David's Psalm of Penance after his sin with Bathsheba?

Ps. 51

"Have mercy on me, O God, according to your unfailing love; according to your great compassion blot out my transgressions."

Ps. 51:1

"How lovely is your dwelling place, O LORD Almighty!"

Ps. 84:1

"What is man that you are mindful of him, the son of man that you care for him?"

Ps. 8:4

What are the main duties and responsibilities of the General Assembly? 14-6

RRR-AIDES 1) Receive other ecclesiastical bodies 2) Receive and issue appeals, references, complaints from lower courts 3) Review and control records of Presbyteries 4) Advise church regarding conformity to Constitution 5) Institute and superintend its agencies 6) Devise measures to promote enlargement of church 7) Erect new Presbyteries 8) Suppress schisms

How are we made partakers of redemption through Christ?

Redemption is applied to us through the work of the Holy Spirit (Jn. 16:14-15; Tit. 3:4-7).

Describe the Reformed view of baptism.

Reformed View: Baptism does not regenerate, but it is a means of grace that is to be administered to believers as a sign and seal of righteousness by faith, and to their children, who are within the covenant by virtue of their parents' faith (Gen. 17:1-14; Acts 2:38-39; Rom. 4:11-12; Col. 2:11-12).

Remnants of Old School Presbyterianism during the liberalization of the PCUS.

Remnants of Old School Presbyterianism organized a Continuing Church movement to counteract liberalism in the PCUS. This movement was centered in four organizations: 1) Presbyterian Journal: vehicle for expressing the opinions of conservatives 2) Presbyterian Evangelical Fellowship: formed to offset the denomination's growing disinterest in evangelism 3) Concerned Presbyterians: organized to counter-act liberal control of PCUS organizational structures. 4) Presbyterian Churchman United: organized to counter-act liberal control of PCUS church courts.

The Seven Churches?

Rev. 2-3 1) Ephesus 2) Smyrna (good) 3) Pergamum 4) Thyatira 5) Sardis 6) Philadelphia (good) 7) Laodicea

The Great White Throne Judgment?

Rev. 20

The Millennium?

Rev. 20

"Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and there was no longer any sea. I saw the Holy City, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride beautifully dressed for her husband."

Rev. 21:1-2

"And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, "Now the dwelling of God is with men, and he will live with them. They will be his people, and God himself will be with them and be their God. He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away."

Rev. 21:3-4

"Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb down the middle of the great street of the city. On each side of the river stood the tree of life, bearing twelve crops of fruit, yielding its fruit every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations."

Rev. 22:1-2

"I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End."

Rev. 22:13

"I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds anything to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. And if anyone takes words away from this book of prophecy, God will take away from him his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book."

Rev. 22:18-19

He who testifies to these things says, "Yes, I am coming soon." Amen. Come, Lord Jesus.

Rev. 22:20

"So, because you are lukewarm--neither hot nor cold--I am about to spit you out of my mouth."

Rev. 3:16

"Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with him, and he with me."

Rev. 3:20

"In a loud voice they sang: "Worthy is the Lamb, who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and praise!"

Rev. 5:12

What is revelation, and why is it necessary?

Revelation is God's action of making himself and his will known to humanity. Revelation is necessary because it is impossible for humanity to know God without God making himself known (Deut. 29:29; Rom. 11:33-34; Ps. 145:3).

"How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? And how can they preach unless they are sent? As it is written, "How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!"

Rom. 10:14-15

"So faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ."

Rom. 10:17

"Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out!"

Rom. 11:33

"Therefore, I urge you, brothers, in view of God's mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God--this is your spiritual act of worship. Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will is--his good, pleasing and perfect will."

Rom. 12:1-2

"...everything that does not come from faith is sin."

Rom. 14:23

"I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. For in the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: "The righteous will live by faith."

Rom. 1:16-17

"...since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities - his eternal power and divine nature - have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse."

Rom. 1:19-20

"Therefore no one will be declared righteous in his sight by observing the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of sin."

Rom. 3:20

"...for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus. God presented him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in his blood."

Rom. 3:23-25

"For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous."

Rom. 5:19

"In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin but alive to God in Christ Jesus."

Rom. 6:11

"Or don't you know that all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life."

Rom. 6:3-4

"Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus."

Rom. 8:1

"For you did not receive a spirit that makes you a slave again to fear, but you received the Spirit of sonship. And by him we cry, "Abba, Father."

Rom. 8:15

"And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose."

Rom. 8:28

"For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. And those he predestined, he also called; those he called, he also justified; those he justified, he also glorified."

Rom. 8:29-30

"What, then, shall we say in response to this? If God is for us, who can be against us? He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all--how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things?"

Rom. 8:31-32

"No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us."

Rom. 8:37

"For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons, neither the present nor the future, nor any powers, neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord."

Rom. 8:38-39

Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad - in order that God's purpose in election might stand: not by works but by him who calls - she was told, "The older will serve the younger." Just as it is written: "Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated."

Rom. 9:11-13

"It does not, therefore, depend on man's desire or effort, but on God's mercy."

Rom. 9:16

Felix?

Roman governor who deferred action on Paul's case (Acts 24).

Festus?

Roman governor who sent Paul to Rome (Acts 24-25).

How does Christ exercise his authority?

SOG WOOD Christ exercises his authority in his church through: 1) Officers (Elders & Deacons) (1 Tim. 3; Phil. 1:1; Heb. 13:17; 1 Thes. 5:12-13) 2) Oracles (Scriptures) (1 Tim. 4:13; 2 Tim. 3:15-17; 2:15) 3) Ordinances 4) Sacraments (1 Cor. 4:1; Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 11:23-33) 5) Government (1 Tim. 5:17) 6) Discipline (Matt. 16:19; 18:17-18) 7) Worship (1 Tim. 2:1-5; Heb. 13:15; Psalms; Deut. 31:9-13)

What is saving faith?

Saving faith is a grace in which we receive and rest upon Christ alone for salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel (Eph. 2:8-9; Gal. 2:15-16).

Crusades

Series of military offensives from Europe into Muslim lands between 1095-1204. o Goals of the Crusades: 1) Retake the Holy Land 2) Save Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire from Muslim threat 3) Reunite the Eastern and Western Churches 4) Earn salvation: Popes promised the forgiveness of sins for those who participated in the Crusades. o The first three goals were all accomplished temporarily, but none permanently.

What is sin?

Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God (Lev. 5:17; Js. 4:17).

How many vows do elders and deacons take?

Six vows

Onesimus?

Slave of Philemon who escaped. Paul sent him back, and counseled Philemon to receive him as a brother in Christ (Philemon).

Rehoboam?

Solomon's heir, during whose reign the kingdom was divided (1 Kgs. 12-14; 2 Chr. 10-12).

Isaac?

Son of Abraham and father of Jacob; was nearly sacrificed by Abraham at the Lord's command (Gen. 25-26) [21-27, 35].

Herod Antipas?

Son of Herod the Great, and tetrarch of Galilee and Perea during the events recorded in the Gospels and Acts. Also referred to as "Herod the Tetrarch" (Matt. 14; Mk. 6; numerous in Lk).

Jacob?

Son of Isaac; father of the men for whom the 12 tribes of Israel are named; chosen above his brother Esau as the child of blessing (Gen. 27-35/36).

Joseph?

Son of Jacob; sold into slavery by his brothers and eventually became a ruler in Egypt who was second only to Pharaoh, which ultimately led to the people of Israel living in Egypt for over 400 years (Gen. 37-50).

Achan?

Stole plunder from Jericho, which caused Israel to be defeated by Ai. All of his possessions and family were destroyed (Josh. 7).

What is "subscription?"

Subscription refers to the vow that a PCA church officer takes to sincerely receive and adopt the Westminster Standards as containing the system of doctrine taught in the Scriptures.

Explain "Covenant Theology."

Teaches that the biblical covenants are organically related to one another, and form the basic framework for interpreting redemptive history. 1) The first covenant God made with man was the covenant of works, in which he promised life to Adam and his posterity on the condition of personal and perfect obedience (Gen. 2:15-17; 3:16-19). 2) Through the fall man made himself unable to attain life by that covenant, so the Lord was pleased to make a second covenant, called the covenant of grace, in which he freely offers sinners life and salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ (Gen. 3:15; Heb. 8:8-12, cf. Jer. 31:31-34; Heb. 9:15). 3) Stresses the unity of Scripture and the continuity between the OT and NT: - Continuity of the covenant of grace (same way of salvation in the Old and New Testaments). - Continuity of the people of God (Israel and the Church). - Continuity of the covenant signs (circumcision and baptism).

How does the Arminian Ordo Salutis differ from the Reformed?

The Arminian Ordo places faith before election and regeneration, because they believe that man's faith precedes God's acts of saving grace.

Sargon II?

The Assyrian king who captured Samaria and exiled the Northern Kingdom (2 Kgs. 17 ("king of Assyria"); Isa. 20).

How does the Reformed view of justification differ from the Roman Catholic view?

The Reformed and Catholic views differ as to the nature, ground, means and effect of justification (N-G-M-E)... 1) The Nature of Justification Reformed: a judicial and definitive declaration (Rom. 3:23-26; 8:33). Catholic: a moral renewal and transformation. 2) The Ground of Justification Reformed: Christ's imputed righteousness alone (2 Cor. 5:21; Phil. 3:9). Catholic: Christ's righteousness combined with man's righteous works 3) The Means of Justification Reformed: by faith alone (Gal. 2:15-16; Rom. 3:23-25). Catholic: faith and works. 4) The Effect of Justification Reformed: present assurance of salvation (Rom. 8:1, 33). Catholic: no present assurance.

What do the Scriptures principally teach?

The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man (Jn. 20:31; Deut. 29:29).

Who is responsible for deciding who preaches in a church? 53-6

The Session

What should be done when a member neglects the vows he/she took for a year or more? 46-2 and 38-4

The Session should warn the person of his vows, and if rejected, the session shall erase his name from the roles as an act of pastoral discipline.

Who admits people to the Lord's Supper? 58-4

The Teaching Elder at the discretion of the Session.

What are the means of grace?

The Word, sacraments and prayer (Matt. 28:19; Acts 2:41-42).

Who will be judged at the last day, and by whom will they be judged?

The apostate angels and all people who have ever lived will be judged by Jesus Christ (Jn. 5:22-29; Jude 1:6-7).

What is the atonement?

The atonement is Christ's act of becoming a propitiation for our sin; sacrificing himself on the cross to pay the penalty for our sin, and thus turning the wrath of God away from us and onto himself (Rom. 3:23-25; Heb. 2:17; 1 Jn. 2:2).

Define and explain the "Communicable Attributes" of God.

The attributes that God does share with man... 1) Spirituality: God is a Spirit (Jn. 4:24) 2) Intellectual Attributes [KWTF] - Knowledge (Omniscience): God knows everything (Rom. 11:33-36) - Wisdom (Rom. 11:33-36) - Truth (1 Jn. 5:20) - Faithfulness (Ex. 34:6-7) 3) Moral Attributes [HG-LG-MP-JR] (Memorize Ex. 34:6-7) - Holiness (Lev. 19:2) - Goodness (2 Pet. 1:3; Ps. 34:8) - Love (1 Jn. 4:8) - Grace (Ex. 34:6-7) - Mercy (Ex. 34:6-7) - Patience (Ex. 34:6-7) - Justice (Ex. 34:6-7) - Righteousness (Deut. 32:4 ["upright"]) 4) Sovereign Attributes [SFP] - Sovereignty (Isa. 46:9-11) - Freedom (Dan. 4:34-35) - Power (Jer. 32:17)

What are deacons not given? 7-2

The authority to rule—deacons serve both the physical and spiritual needs of the people. But they have not the authority of the elders (1 Tim. 5:17; Acts 6:2-4).

Who will be raised to life at the last day?

The bodies of the unjust will be raised to judgment, and the bodies of the just will be raised to life, and be conformed to Christ's glorious body. - Jn. 5:28-29, "Those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment." - 1 Cor. 15 (Resurrection Chapter)

How was the canon created?

The canon was authored by God, and recognized and received by the Church under the guidance of the Holy Spirit... 1) Authored by God: 2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 1:20-21 2) Recognized and received by the Church • From the church's infancy, a basic consensus existed on which books should be included in the canon. • The church began to think theologically about the canon when they were faced with different heretical groups who wanted to support their views, by either adding to (Gnostics, Montanists) or subtracting from (Marcion) the list of commonly accepted books. • 20 of the 27 NT books were immediately accepted as canonical, without any debate: the 4 Gospels, Acts, Paul's 13 letters, 1 Peter and 1 John. • Hebrews and Revelation were accepted early on, but were disputed at times in various communities due to their abuse by various heretics. At no time did the entire church together question the canonicity of these books. • The same can be said for James, 2 Peter and Jude. Their status rose and fell in various communities at various times. • The lack of recognition of 2 and 3 John was due to their small size and apparent lack of theological importance. • The first list of the entire NT canon with all 27 books was given by Athanasius in 367 AD. • The first undisputed list of canonical books from a council came from Carthage in 397. But the council simply listed those books which were already regarded as canonical, and the Church received this list without controversy. • This shows that while the list was formally established in 397, the church had already achieved consensus on the canon before this.

Explain the doctrine of the communication of properties.

The communication of properties attempts to account for the way in which the properties of each of Christ's natures are interchanged in the unity of his personhood.

What are the decrees of God? (WSC #7)

The decrees of God are his eternal purpose, according to the counsel of his will, whereby, for his own glory, he has foreordained whatsoever comes to pass (Isa. 46:9-11; Eph. 1:11). o Although God foreknows everything that will come to pass, yet he did not decree anything because he foresaw it in the future. All things are decreed according to the counsel of his will (Rom. 9:16; Eph. 1:11; Isa. 14:24).

What duty does God require of man? / What is the supreme activity of man? (WSC #39)

The duty which God requires of man is obedience to his revealed will (Dt. 29:29; 1 Jn. 5:2-3).

Adam?

The first human being; covenant head of the entire human race; mediator of the covenant of works; his sin resulted in the fall of God's entire creation (Gen. 1-5).

List and explain the "Five Points of Calvinism." Where did they come from?

The five points of Calvinism were first articulated in the Canons of Dort during the 17th century, in response to the Arminian theology of the Remonstrance. 1) Total Depravity: Mankind is dead in sin and defiled in all the parts and faculties of the soul and body. - Gen. 6:5, "Every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually." - Ps. 51:5, "I was brought forth in iniquity, in sin did my mother conceive me." - Col. 2:13, "And you, who were dead in your sins." - Rom. 3:9-20, "None is righteous, no, not one; no one understands; no one seeks for God." 2) Unconditional Election: God chooses those he will save, not based on any merit or foreseen faith, but based only on his good pleasure. - Rom. 8:29-30, "And those whom he foreknew, he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son." - Rom. 9:11-13, "Though they were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad, in order that God's purpose of election might continue..."Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated." - Eph. 1:3-14, "Even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him. In love he predestined us for adoption as sons through Jesus Christ." 3) Limited Atonement: Christ died to atone for the sin of his elect, and them alone. - Mt. 1:21, "She will bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins." - Jn. 10:15-26, "I am the good shepherd. The god shepherd lays down his life for the sheep...I know my own and my own know me...My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me." - Jn. 17:1-11, "I have manifested your name to the people whom you gave me out of the world." - Rom. 8:33, "Who shall bring any charge against God's elect? It is God who justifies." 4) Irresistible Grace: God regenerates his elect and effectually calls them to faith in Christ. - Jn. 6:44, "No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him." - Ezek. 36:26-28, "And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you. And I will remove your heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh." - Rom. 8:30, "And those whom he predestined he also called." 5) Perseverance of the Saints: The elect will persevere in their faith until the end. - Jn. 10:28-29, "I give them eternal life and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand." - Rom. 8:30, "And those whom he justified he also glorified."

Pharisees?

The fore-runners of rabbis who focused on interpreting and teaching the law. Viewed tradition as equal to Scripture in authority. Believed in the resurrection of the dead, and opposed the Sadducees (Matt. 23 (woes); Lk. 15 (sinners); etc.).

David?

The great king of Israel and mediator of the Davidic covenant; God promised his heir would rule forever (fulfilled in Jesus Christ); killed Goliath; his son is Solomon (among others); the author of numerous Psalms (1 Sam. 16 - 1 Kgs. 2; 1 Chr. 11-29).

Explain "Analogy of Faith."

The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself. Therefore, when there is a question about the true and full meaning of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must be searched and known by other passages that speak more clearly.

Zedekiah?

The last king of Judah before the exile (2 Kgs. 24-25; 2 Chr. 36).

Malachi?

The last of the OT prophets, and a contemporary of Nehemiah (Malachi).

Who owns the property of the local church? 25-9

The local church

What is the moral law?

The moral law is the rule which God first revealed to man for his obedience (Rom. 2:14-15; 10:5). It is summarized in the Ten Commandments (Ex. 20:1-17; Deut. 5:6-21).

Explain the relationship between the nature of the atonement and its extent.

The nature of the atonement affects its extent. Because the atonement is effective, we know that Christ only died for his elect (Rom. 8:31-39).

What is the nature of the atonement?

The nature of the atonement is Christ's obedience in respect to five things: sacrifice, propitiation, reconciliation, redemption, and victory (S-P-2R-V)... 1) Sacrifice: Christ's atonement cleanses our sin through a substitute and enables us to approach God (Heb. 9:11-14; 10:11-14). 2) Propitiation: Christ's atonement turns the wrath of God away from us and onto him (Rom. 3:23-25; 1 Jn. 2:2). Wrath is God's holy hatred and anger toward sin and evil. 3) Reconciliation: Christ's atonement ends the alienation between God and man, and effects peace in the relationship (Col. 1:20-22; 2 Cor. 5:19-21). 4) Redemption: Christ's atonement buys us out of slavery to sin (Gal. 3:13; Col. 1:13-14; Tit. 2:14; Heb. 9:15). 5) Victory: Christ's atonement conquers his enemies and ours (Col. 2:14-15; 1 Cor. 15:54-56).

Who is the Redeemer of God's elect? (WSC #21)

The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so was, and continues to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, forever (Acts 4:12; Phil. 2:5-11; Tit. 2:14; Heb. 9:15).

What is the ordo salutis?

The ordo salutis is the (supposed) logical order of events in the process of salvation. 1) Predestination: Before the foundation of the world, God chose some for eternal life, and he passed by the others, thereby ordaining them to eternal punishment for their sin (Rom. 9:10-24; Eph. 1:3-14). 2) Effectual Calling: the work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he persuades and enables us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel (Jn. 6:44; Rom. 8:30). 3) Regeneration: the Holy Spirit's work of renewing our heart and making us new creations in Christ. Being born again (Ezek. 36:26-28; Jn. 3:3). 4) Faith and Repentance: trusting in Christ for salvation and turning from sin (Eph. 2:8-9; Acts 2:38). 5) Justification: an act of God's free grace, in which he pardons all our sins, and accepts us as righteous in his sight, because of the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone (Rom. 3:23-25; Gal. 2:15-16; 2 Cor. 5:21). 6) Adoption: an act of God's free grace, in which we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God (Gal. 4:4-7; Rom. 8:15). 7) Sanctification: a work of God's free grace, in which we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness (Rom. 6:22; 1 Cor. 1:2). 8) Perseverance: God's act of ensuring that his elect remain faithful to him until the end (Jn. 10:28-29; Rom. 8:30). 9) Glorification: the complete and final redemption of the whole person, when the body and spirit of the people of God will be conformed to the image of their risen, exalted, and glorified Redeemer (Rom. 8:30; 1 Cor. 15:50-55).

What is the "regulative principle?"

The regulative principle states that we should only worship God in the ways that he has prescribed in his Word (Ex. 20:4-6; Lev. 10; Deut. 12:32).

How are the sacraments a means of grace?

The sacraments are signs and seals that the Holy Spirit uses to confer divine grace when that grace is received by faith (Gal. 3:26-27; Col. 2:12).

What should happen when a member moves out of the geographical bounds of a particular church? 46-2

The session will continue its oversight of him and encourage him to transfer his membership to another church of like persuasion.

What are the parts of a sacrament?

The sign and the grace it signifies.

What is the proper mode of baptism? (Defend w/ Scripture)

The verb for Baptism in the NT doesn't specify a mode in which Baptism should take place. Refers to the event, not the mode. Baptism is properly administered by pouring or sprinkling water (Heb. 9:10-21; Acts 2:33, 38-39). Immersion is permitted but not necessary. To misunderstand burial as immersion is to impose a Western idea of burial onto the understand of baptism. Didache - Use running water to better illustrate the washing away of sins rather than immersion.

What is the visible church? Who are its members? 2-1

The visible church is and consists of all those who profess faith in Christ, together with their children (Acts 2:38-39, 41; Eph. 1:2; 6:1-4)

Is the unity of the Body of Christ destroyed by the existence of denominations? 2-2

The visible unity of the body of Christ, though obscured, is not destroyed.

What is the "canon"?

The word "canon" means a rule or standard. In the Christian Church, the canon refers to the list of 66 books recognized by the Church as the inspired and authoritative Word of God, given to direct the church's faith and life.

What is the work of creation? (WSC #9)

The work of creation is God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six (literary) days, and all very good. (Gen. 1; Ps. 33:6-9).

Who is primarily responsible for disciplining non-communing members?

Their parents (Eph. 6:4)

Gen. 1:26-28 (memorize)

Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creep on the earth." So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. And God blessed them. And God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the earth."

What is theodicy?

Theodicy is a philosophical and theological attempt to vindicate the justice and goodness of God in light of the existence of evil.

What are the censures that may be inflicted by church courts? 30-1

There are five forms of censure: 1) Admonition 2) Suspension from the Sacraments 3) Suspension from office 4) Deposition from Office 5) Excommunication

Briefly explain and defend (including Scripture proofs) the doctrine of the Trinity.

There is one God in three persons: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. And these three are one God; the same in substance, and equal in power and glory (Deut. 6:4; Matt. 3:16-17; 28:19-20). 1) Deut 6:4 states that God is one. There is one God, not three. 2) Matt. 3:16-17: at the baptism of Jesus, the Spirit descends on him like a dove, and the Father says, "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased." Because the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are active at the same time, we know that they are distinct persons, not different modes in which God appears. 3) Matt. 28:19: in the great commission, Jesus commands his disciples to baptize "in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit." The fact that "name" is singular yet refers to the Father, Son and Holy Spirit shows that there is one God in three persons.

What happens when a Christian sins after being justified?

They fall under God's fatherly discipline, but are also forgiven of their sin when they confess and repent (Heb. 12:4-11; 1 Jn. 1:9).

How should believers examine themselves before participating in the Lord's Supper?

They should examine themselves: 1) of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body, 2) of their faith to feed on him, 3) and of their repentance, love and new obedience (1 Cor. 11:27-29).

What happens to unbelievers at death?

They will immediately be cast into hell (Mt. 25; Rev. 20).

Manichaenism

Third century form of Gnosticism founded by Mani, which continued for several centuries. Augustine was an adherent for a time, and then became a vigorous opponent.

Monarchianism

Third century heresy that stresses the oneness of God to such an extent that it denies the personal distinctiveness of the Son and Holy Spirit. Monarchianism existed in two forms: 1) Dynamic Monarchianism: The Father alone is God, and the Son was merely a man who was specially endowed with the Holy Spirit. 2) Modalism/Sebellianism: God is 1 person who appears in 3 different modes: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

"He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit..."

Tit. 3:5

What obligations do believers have to civil authorities?

To pray for them, honor them, pay taxes, obey their lawful commands, and be subject to their authority, for conscience' sake (1 Tim. 2:1-3; 1 Pet. 2:17; Matt. 22:21; Rom. 13:1-7).

Under whose supervision do the deacons act? 9-2

Under the session

What is a "Confessional Faith?"

We are united by a common creed: the Westminster Standards, which are subordinate to the Scriptures, but faithfully summarize the Scriptures' teachings. • Creeds in Scripture: Deut. 6:4-5; 1 Tim. 3:16.

What is a "Covenantal Faith?"

We believe that God relates to human beings through covenants, and that the covenants of Scripture display the unity of God's plan of salvation through the ages (Gen. 3:15; 12:1-3; Jer. 31:31-34).

What is a "Missional Faith?"

We believe the church exists to glorify God by participating in his mission of redemption (1 Pet. 2:9).

What is a "Universal Faith?"

We hold to core truths that all Christians in all times and in all places have believed, as summarized by the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the Chalcedonian Creed.

How should we confess our sins?

We should confess our sins specifically, and both publicly and privately. - 1 Jn. 1:9, "If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." - James 5:16, "Therefore, confess your sins to one another and pray for one another, that you may be healed."

What should be our attitude toward civil authorities?

We should submit to them in all things, unless their commands conflict with the commands of God. - Rom. 13:1-7, "Submit yourselves to governing bodies." - 1 Pt. 2, "Submit yourselves to every human institution." - Mt. 22/Mk. 12, "Render to Caesar the things that are Caesars." - Acts 5:29, "But we must obey God rather than man."

What rule guides public worship? 47-1

What alone the Holy Scriptures prescribe (Ex. 20:4-6; Lev. 10).

Zipporah?

Wife of Moses, who circumcised their son (Exod. 2; 4).

How should a censure be administered?

With tenderness and in a spirit of meekness, and suited to the offense.

Bathsheba?

Woman with whom David committed adultery and murdered her husband, Uriah the Hittite. She then married David, and became the mother of Solomon (2 Sam. 11-12).

Apostolic Fathers

Writers of the 1st and 2nd centuries who are traditionally thought to have come in contact with the apostles. 1) Clement of Rome: 1st - 2nd century bishop of Rome who wrote a letter to Corinth, and is mentioned in Philippians. 2) Ignatius: 2nd century bishop of Antioch who wrote a series of letters to churches in Asia Minor on his way to Rome for martyrdom. 3) Polycarp: 2nd century bishop of Smyrna, disciple of John, early Christian Martyr, wrote an Epistle to the Philippians

Apologetics

Writers of the 2nd and 3rd centuries whose work primarily answers the accusations of non- Christians. Includes Justin Martyr, among others.

Did God decree sin?

Yes, he did. From all eternity, God unchangeably ordained whatever comes to pass (Eph. 1:11; Isa. 46:9-10). 1) Yet he did it in such a way that he is neither the author of sin, nor does he do violence to the will of his creatures (James 1:13-15; Gen. 50:19-20). And through his sovereignty God does not nullify second causes, but rather establishes them. 2) The Bible teaches both that God decreed all things, yet human beings are responsible for their sin. We may not be able to reconcile these two ideas in our finite minds, but in order to be faithful to Scripture we must hold them in tension. o The greatest example is the death of Christ. Judas' betrayal of Jesus was a terrible sin that was inspired by Satan (Lk. 22:3), yet it took place according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God (Acts 2:23). o Another example is the hardening of Pharaoh's heart. Pharaoh's refusal to let Israel go was a sin that disobeyed God's command (Ex. 9:34), yet it was ultimately God who hardened Pharaoh's heart and decreed that Pharaoh's refusal would take place (Ex. 4:21; 9:16; Rom. 9:17-18).

Was the atonement necessary?

Yes, the atonement was absolutely necessary to procure our salvation. 1) God is holy, and requires that we be holy to be in his presence (Lev. 19:2). God is also just, which means that he requires that a penalty be paid when his law is broken (Ex. 34:6-7). 2) But we are sinners; we are unholy lawbreakers. A punishment must be paid for our sin, and that punishment is death (Rom. 3:23; 6:23). 3) Therefore, for God to be just and the justifier of the ungodly, it was necessary for his Son to pay the punishment for our sin through his death (Rom. 3:23-26; Heb. 2:17).

Is Christ in any sense present in the Lord's Supper? If so, how?

Yes. 1) Christ is spiritually present to the faith of the receiver, no less than the bread and wine are present to the senses of the receiver (1 Cor. 11:23-26). 2) Christ is not physically present in the elements, because Acts 3:21 says that he is physically in heaven until the restoration of all things.

Does anything really "happen" in a sacrament? (Defend w/ Scripture)

Yes. 1) The benefits of Christ's mediation are signified and sealed (1 Cor. 10:16) 2) Our faith is nourished and strengthened (Gal. 3:26-27) 3) We are obliged to obedience (Rom. 6:3-4) 4) We testify to our love for one another (1 Cor. 10:17) 5) We are distinguished from unbelievers (Eph. 2:11-12)

Is Jesus really the only way of salvation? Explain.

Yes. Since the fall man lives in a state of sin, misery and death. The only means that God has provided to atone for our sin and redeem us from this curse is Jesus Christ (Acts 4:12; Jn. 14:6).

Are these doctrines (God's sovereignty/Free will) compatible with belief in real human choice and responsibility?

Yes. The Bible teaches that God has decreed the free acts of human beings, and that people are nonetheless free and responsible for their actions (Gen. 50:19-20; Acts 2:23). We may not be able to harmonize the two altogether, but Scripture shows that one does not cancel out the other.

Are Christians under obligation to keep a Sabbath?

Yes. The Sabbath is included in the 10 commandments. Therefore it is part of the moral law, and has not been abrogated (Ex. 20:8-11; Matt. 5:17-19).

"Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout, Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your king comes to you, righteous and having salvation, gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey."

Zech. 9:9

The Sermons in Acts?

chs. 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 13, 17, 20, 22, 24, 26

Council of Nicea

o Convened in 325 by Emperor Constantine. It condemned Arianism and composed the Nicene Creed. 1) Arianism: Jesus was a created being (not eternal) who was subordinate to the Father in his essence or being. "There was when he was not." 2) Nicene Creed: Key Language - The Son is "of one substance with the Father" (homoousios) "Begotten, not made"

Council of Constantinople

o Convened in 381 by Emperor Theodosius I. It dealt decisively with Arianism, condemned Apollinarianism, reaffirmed Nicaea, and expanded its teaching on the Holy Spirit by affirming his Deity. 1) Apollinarianism: Denied that Christ possessed a human soul. The Divine nature occupies the place of the soul in the person of Christ. 2) Continued defense against Arianism led by Athanasius 3) Expanded the section of the Nicene Creed on the Holy Spirit, affirming his Deity. 4) Original Nicene Creed only said "I believe in the Holy Spirit."

Council of Ephesus

o Convened in 431 by Emperor Theodosius II. It condemned Nestorianism and Pelagianism. 1) Nestorianism: believed that the divine and human nature of Christ were two separate persons. 2) Pelagianism: emphasized human free will and moral responsibility, denied original sin, and taught salvation through meritorious obedience.

Council of Chalcedon

o Convened in 451 by the Eastern Emperor Marcion. It condemned Eutychianism and composed the Chalcedonian Creed, which established the hypostatic union as orthodox doctrine. 1) Eutychianism: Denied the human nature of Christ. Taught that the human nature was absorbed into the divine nature at the incarnation. 2) Chalcedonian Creed: Key Language. - Hypostatic Union (2 natures of Christ: Divine and human) - Christ possesses a "reasonable soul." - The union of Christ's divine and human natures exists "without confusion, without change, without division, without separation." - As to his deity, Christ is "of one substance (homoousios) with the Father," but as to his humanity he is "of one substance with us."

How is the covenant of grace related to the Abrahamic Covenant?

o God promises Abraham that all the families of the earth will be blessed through his offspring (Gen. 12:3). This is ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ (Gal. 3:16, 29). o The Abrahamic covenant also states that we are saved by the righteousness of Christ, which is imputed to us by faith (Gen. 15:6; cf. Rom. 4:3-5).

How is the covenant of grace related to the Noahic Covenant?

o The Noahic covenant is not a saving covenant but a securing covenant. It secures the realization of God's covenant of grace through God's promises to: 1) Withhold his wrath until the end of time (Gen. 8:21-22) 2) Continue his general & temporal blessings to all mankind (Gen. 9) 3) Restrain evil (Gen. 9:5-6)

Early Church Persecutions and Emperors.

• 64: Nero (localized in Rome) • 81-96: Domitian • 111-113: Trajan • 249-251: Decius (first systematic general persecution) • 257: Valerian • 303: Diocletian (worst persecution)

Key Dates of the Early Church

• 70: Destruction of the Jewish Temple • 313: Constantine's Edict of Milan legalizes Christianity • 380: Christianity becomes the only official religion of the Roman Empire (Emperor Theodosius)

Who are members of presbytery? 13-1

• All teaching elders and churches within its bounds. o When the Presbytery meets as a court, it comprises all teaching elders, and ruling elders as elected by their Session. o Church can elect 2 RE's for the first 350 members (or fraction), and 1 additional RE for each additional 500 members (or fraction)

How would you define the periods of church history, with years?

• Ancient Church History (c. 100-451) • Medieval Church History (c. 451-1500) • The Reformation (1500-1700) • Modern Church History (1700-Present)

Who is the head of the church?

• Christ is the King and Head of the Church (Isa. 9:6-7; Eph. 1:22; 4:11-16) o Christ is the head of the entire church o Christ contains in himself, by way of eminence, all the offices of the church

What is the Constitution of the Presbyterian Church in America?

• Consists of: o Westminster Standards (Confession of faith, Larger & Shorter Catechism) o Book of Church Order • Not consist of: o Rules of General Assembly (GA) Operation, bylaws of GA, Minutes of GA o Holy Scripture

Define and refute "kenosis"?

• Define 1) Kenosis is the theory that when Christ became human he voluntarily gave up some of his divine attributes, including omniscience, omnipresence, and omnipotence. 2) Largely based on Phil. 2:7, where it uses the verb κενοω to say that Jesus "emptied himself" when he became human. 3) Problem: rejects that Jesus was fully God here on earth. • Refute 1) The text explains what it means by this "emptying": that Jesus "took the form of a servant" by becoming a man. It says nothing of Jesus giving up his divine attributes. 2) Thus, "emptying" in Phil. 2:7 is equivalent to "humbling himself" by becoming a man and taking on a lower status and position. 3) Many texts in Scripture clearly describe Jesus as possessing the divine attributes of omniscience, omnipresence, and omnipotence (see above).

Which section of the BCO does not have the force of law? Which parts, though, have been given full constitutional authority?

• Directory for the Worship of God does not have force of law, except • BCO 56 (Baptism), 57 (Sealing Ordinances, Admission), 58 (Lord's Supper)

What are the goals and proper steps for church discipline? (Defend w/ Scripture) 27-3

• Goals: 1) Glory of God (Rom. 2:24) 2) Purity of the Church (1 Cor. 5:7) 3) Restoration of the sinner (Gal. 6:1) • Steps: 1) General instruction of the Word 2) Private admonition (Matt. 18:15; Gal. 6:1) 3) Calling one or two others as witnesses (Matt. 18:16) 4) If rejection, then judicial process / censure by the Session (Matt. 18:17) 5) If rejection persists, then excommunication (Matt. 18:17)

What are the permanent committees and agencies of the GA? 14-1.12

• Permanent Committees 1) Administrative Committee of GA (AC) 2) Committee on Christian Education and Publications (CEP) 3) Committee on Mission to North America (MNA) 4) Committee on Mission to the World (MTW) 5) Committee on Reformed University Ministries (RUM) • Agencies of the GA 1) Covenant College 2) Covenant Seminary 3) Ridge Haven 4) Insurance, Annuities & Relief 5) PCA Foundation • Special Committees of GA 1) Theological Examining Committee 2) Nominating Committee 3) Standing Judicial Committee 4) Interchurch Relations Committee 5) Review of Presbytery Records Committee 6) Ad-interim (Special Studies) Committees

Defend Presbyterian Church government from Scripture.

• Presbyterian Government Is Based on Three Chief Principles: 1) Derived authority: Elders are stewards of Christ's authority (1 Thess. 5:12-13; Acts 20:28). 2) Plurality of elders: Not one elder, but many elders (1 Tim 4:14; Tit 1:5; Phil 1:1). 3) Parity of elders: All elders have equal authority. The different terms for elder (overseer/bishop, elder/presbyter, pastor/shepherd) are used synonymously (1 Pet. 5:1-5; Tit. 1:5-9). • Presbyterian Government was Sanctioned by the Apostles... 1) Apostolic Command: Tit. 1:5; 1 Tim 3:1-15 ("ought") 2) Apostolic Example: Acts 14:23; Acts 15 (disputed issues settled in higher court, and its decrees are binding on the whole church).

What were the "sola's" of the Reformation?

• Sola Scriptura: Scripture alone • Sola Fide: Faith alone • Sola Gratia: Grace alone • Solus Christus: Christ alone • Soli Deo Gloria: To God alone be the glory

Compare and contrast the office of ruling and teaching elder. 8-5

• Teaching elder does all that of a ruling elders plus. o Regular reading, expounding, preaching and teaching of God's Word o Administers Sacraments

What is the meaning of the Lord's Supper?

• The Lord's Supper is a sacrament of the New Testament, in which, by giving and receiving bread and wine according to the appointment of Jesus Christ, o his death is shown forth (1 Cor. 11:26); o and they that rightly receive it by faith are made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace (1 Cor. 10:16-17).