MIS 441 - Ch. 3

Intranet

A TCP/IP network located within a single organization for purposes of communications and information processing.

Attachment

A file inserted within an email message.

Fiber Optic Service (FiOS)

A form of DSL that provides speeds of up to 500 Mbps.

IP Telephony

A general term for the technologies that us Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and the Internets packet-switched network to transmit voice and other forms of audio communication over the internet.

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

A markup language specification developed by the world wide web consortium (W3C) that is designed to describe data and information.

Packet Switching

A method of slicing digital messages into packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination.

Client/Server Computing

A model of computing in which client computers are connected in a network together with one or more servers.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

A more current e-mail protocol that allows users to search, organize, and filter their mail prior to downloading it from the server.

Differentiated Quality of Service (diffserv)

A new technology that assigns levels of priority to packets based on the type of data being transmitted.

Client

A powerful desktop computer that is part of a network.

Ping

A program that allows you to check the connection between your client and the server.

Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)

A protocol used by the client to retrieve mail from an internet server.

Protocol

A set of rules and standards for data transfer.

Telnet

A terminal emulation program that runs in TCP/IP.

Cookie

A tool used by Web sites to store information about a user. When a visitor enters a Website, the site sends a small text file (the cookie) to the user's computer so that information from the site can be loaded more quickly on future visits. The cookie can contain any information desired by the site designers.

Hypertext

A way of formatting pages with embedded links that connect documents to one another, and that also link pages to other objects such as sound, video, or animation files.

Online Forum

A web application that allows internet users to communicate with each other, although not in real time.

Internet2

Advanced networking consortium of more than 350 member institutions working in partnership to facilitate the development, deployment, and use of revolutionary internet technologies.

T1

An international telephone standard for digital communication that offers guaranteed delivery at 1.54 Mbps.

T3

An international telephone standard for digital communication that offers guaranteed delivery at 45 Mbps.

Web Client

Any computing devicxe attached to the Internet that is capable of making HTTP requests and displaying HTML pages, most commonly a Windows PC or Macintosh.

Routing Algorithm

Computer program that ensures that packets take the best available path toward their destination.

Fiber-Optic Cable

Consists of up to hundreds of strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit data.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Protocol that allows for transmission of voice and other forms of audio communication over the Internet.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Protocol that establishes the connections among sending and receiving Web computers and handles the assembly of packets at the point of transmission, and their reassembly at the receiving end.

Internet Protocol (IP)

Protocol that provides the Internet's addressing scheme and is responsible for the actual delivery of the packets.

Application Layer

Provides a wide variety of applications with the ability to access the services of the lower layers.

Private Cloud

Provides similar options as public cloud but only to a single tenant.

Broadband

Refers to any communication technology that permits clients to play streaming audio and video files at acceptable speeds.

Internet Layer

Responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing messages on the Internet

Network Interface Layer

Responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium.

Transport Layer

Responsible for providing communication with the application by acknowledging and sequencing the packets to and from the application.

Database Server

Server designed to access specific information within a database.

Ad Server

Server designed to deliver targeted banner ads.

Mail Server

Sever that provides email messages.

Video Sever

Sever that serves video clips.

Web Browser

Software program whose primary purpose is to display Web pages.

Web Server Software

Software that enables a computer to deliver Web pages written in HTML to client computers on a network that request this service by sending an HTTP request.

Router

Special-Purpose computer that interconnects the computer networks that make up the Internet and routes packets to their ultimate destination as they travel the internet.

Domain Name System (DNS)

System for expressing numeric IP addresses in natural language.

Bluetooth

Technology standard for short-range wireless communication under 30 feet.

Middleware Services Layer

The "glue" that ties the applications to the communications networks and includes such services as security, authentication, addresses, and storage repositories.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

The address used by a Web browser to identify the location of content on the Web.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

The core communications protocol for the Internet.

Packets

The discrete units into which digital messages are sliced for transmission over the Internet.

Netscape Navigator

The first commercial Web browser.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The internet protocol used for transferring Web pages.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

The internet protocol used to send mail to a server.

Universal Computing

The sharing of files, information, graphics, sound, video, and other objects across all computer platforms in the world, regardless of operating system.

Narrowband

The traditional telephone modem connection, now operating at 56.6 Kbps

Internet of Things (IoT)

Use of the Internet to connect a wide variety of devices, machines, and sensors.

Mosaic

Web browser with a graphical user interface (GUI) that made it possible to view documents on the Web graphically.

Wi-Fi

Wireless standard for Ethernet networks with greater speed and range than Bluetooth.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Firm that provides the lowest level of service in the multi-tiered internet architecture by leasing internet access to home owners, small businesses, and some large institutions.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

GML that is relatively easy to use in Web page design. HTML provides web page designers with a fixed set of markup "tags" that are used to format a Web page.

Campus Are Network (CAN)

Generally, a local area network operating within a single organization that leases access to the Web directly from regional and national carriers.

Backbone

High-Bandwidth fiber-optic cable that transports data across the internet.

Satellite Internet

High-speed broadband internet access provided via satellite.

Internet Exchange Point (IXP)

Hub where the backbone intersects with local and regional networks and where backbone owners connect with one another.

Domain Name

IP address expressed in natural language.

Search Engine

Identifies Web pages that appear to match keywords, also called queries, entered by the user and then provides a list of the best matches

IPv6 Internet Address

Internet address expressed as a 128-bit number.

IPv4 Internet Address

Internet address expressed as a 32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers marked off by periods, such as 64.49.254.91

Applications Layer

Layer of Internet architecture that contains client applications.

Transport Services and Representation Standards Layer

Layer of Internet architecture that houses the TCP/IP protocol.

Network Technology Substrate Layer

Layer of internet technology that is composed of telecommunications networks and protocols.

Bandwidth

Measures how much data can be transferred over a communications medium within a fixed period of time; is usually expressed in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), or gigabits per second (Gbps).

Internet Explorer

Microsoft's Web browser

Cloud Computing

Model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a shared pool of virtualized resources over the Internet.

Redundancy

Multiple duplicate devices and paths in a network.

Server

Networked computer dedicated to common functions that the client computers on the network need.

Hybrid Cloud

Offers customers both a public cloud and a private cloud.

Cloud Computing Characteristics

On-demand self-service Ubiquitous network access Location-independent resource pooling Rapid elasticity Measured service Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Tracert

One of several route-tracing utilities that allow you to follow the path of a message you send from your client to a remote computer on the Internet.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

One of the original Internet services. Part of the TCP/IP protocol that permits users to transfer files from the server to their client computer, and vice versa.

Tier 1 Internet Service Providers (Tier 1 ISPs)

Own and control the major long-haul fiber-optic cable networks comprising the internets backbone.

Cable Internet

Piggybacks digital access to the internet on top of the analog video cable providing television signals to a home.

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

Program that allows users to have digital content, including text, articles, blogs, and podcast audio files, automatically sent to their computers over the Internet.

Latency

Delays in messages caused by the uneven flow of information packets through the network.

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Delivers high speed access through ordinary telephone lines found in homes or businesses.

Streaming Media

Enables music, video, and other large files to be sent to users in chunks so that when received and played, the file comes through uninterrupted.