MIS ch 4

All of the following are steps in the process for analyzing an ethical issue except: - assigning responsibility. - identifying the stakeholders. - identifying the options you can reasonably take - identifying and clearly describing the facts. - identifying the potential consequences of your options.

Assigning responsibility •Five-step process for ethical analysis 1.Identify and clearly describe the facts. 2.Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved. 3.Identify the stakeholders. 4.Identify the options that you can reasonably take. 5.Identify the potential consequences of your options.

Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age do the central business activities of DoubleClick involve? - Property rights and obligations - System quality - Accountability and control - Quality of life - Information rights and obligations

Information rights and obligations (privacy of person(s) surfing web) 5 Moral Dimensions: information rights and obligations, property rights and obligations, accountability, liability, and control, system quality, and the quality of life.

What is NORA and how does it work? (short answer)

Nonobvious relationship awareness It is a data analysis technology, giving the government and the private sector more powerful profiling capabilities. It can take information about people from disparate sources and find obscure, nonobvious relationships. It might discover, for example, that an application for a job at a casino shares a telephone number with a known criminal and issue an alert to the hiring manager.

________ means that you accept the potential costs and obligations for the decisions you make. - Responsibility - Accountability - Liability - Due process - Duty

Responsibility · Responsibility: Accepting potential costs, duties, and obligations for your decisions. · Accountability: Determining who should take responsibility for decisions and actions. · Liability: Legally placing responsibility with a person or group. · Due Process: Ensuring the laws are applied fairly and correctly.

Identify the five moral dimensions that are involved in political, social, and ethical issues and briefly describe each. Of these, which do you think is the most difficult for society to deal with? Support your opinion. (short answer)

Systems Quality, Quality of life, Information rights and obligations, accountability and control, and property rights and obligations. Quality of life would most likely be the most difficult to deal with because people have different cultures, that respect different ethics. So many people are different in what they see as far as right or wrong. People believe in different ways of life and it would be nearly impossible to get every one on the same page because of everyone's unique lifestyles.

Because of their special claims to knowledge, wisdom, and respect, professionals take on special rights and obligations. True or False

True Intellectual property is a result of someone's effort at creating a product of value based on their experiences, knowledge, and education. In short, intellectual property is brain power

In 2010, the FTC added all of the following recommendations to its privacy guidelines except: - firms should build products and services that protect privacy. - firms should increase the transparency of their data collection. - firms should require consumer consent and provide clear options to opt out of data collection. - firms should limit the length of time that any personal data is stored to six months or less. - consumers should be able to review and contest the accuracy and completeness of data.

firms should limit the length of time that any personal data is stored to six months or less. There is no limit

All of the following laws apply to actions by the federal government except the: - Freedom of Information Act. - Privacy Act. - Computer Security Act. - Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. - E-Government Act.

Children's Online Privacy Protection Act

Which of the following is not a U.S. federal law affecting private institutions? - COPPA - HIPAA - Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act - Video Privacy Protection Act - Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act

Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act

________ is a feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action. - Responsibility - Accountability - Liability - Due process - Duty

Accountability · Responsibility: Accepting potential costs, duties, and obligations for your decisions. · Accountability: Determining who should take responsibility for decisions and actions. · Liability: Legally placing responsibility with a person or group. · Due Process: Ensuring the laws are applied fairly and correctly.

In the ________ model of informed consent, personal information cannot be collected until the consumer specifically agrees that his or her data can be collected. - opt-in - opt-out - P3P - PGP - safe harbor

Opt-In Opting in requires individuals to expressly give an organization the right to gather information before any information can be collected

Which of the following is a data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources? - -HIPAA - FIP - NORA - COPPA - Spyware

NORA nonobvious relationship awareness data analysis tech take "watch" lists, incident and arrest systems, customers transaction systems, telephone records, and HR systems to match and merge information creating a profile of a person.

The use of computers to assemble data from different sources to create digital dossiers of detailed information about individuals is known as which of the following? - Profiling - Phishing - Spamming - Targeting - Spyware

Profiling

Which ethical rule states that if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all? Slippery-slope rule Lemming rule High-failure cost rule Utilitarian principle Golden Rule

Slippery Slope Rule -If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all

Which of the following is not an example of the moral dimensions of the information age identified in the text? - Information rights and obligations - The emergence of giant tech firms that dominate their markets - Accountability and control - System quality - Quality of life

The emergence of giant tech firms that dominate their markets. 5 Moral Dimensions: information rights and obligations, property rights and obligations, accountability, liability, and control, system quality, and the quality of life.

Routine violations of individual privacy are made easier by advances in data storage. True or False

True

The GDPR created a ________ framework in order to enable U.S. businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. - COPPA - P3P - PGP - FIP - safe harbor

safe harbor

"Look and feel" copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with: - the distinction between tangible and intangible ideas. - the distinction between an idea and its expression. - using the graphical elements of another product. - using the creative elements of another product. - violation of a monopoly on the ideas behind a product.

the distinction between an idea and its expression.

All of the following are technical solutions to protecting user privacy except: - email encryption. - anonymous surfing. - anonymous email. - preventing client computers from accepting cookies. - data use policies.

•Solutions include: -Email encryption -Anonymity tools -Anti-spyware tools •Overall, tech solutions have failed to protect users from being tracked from one site to another -Browser features "Private" browsing "Do not track" options

Which of the following ethical guidelines suggests that you put yourself in the place of others, and think of yourself as the object of the decision? - Kant's categorical imperative - the risk aversion principle - the utilitarian principle - the Golden Rule - "no free lunch" rule

Golden Rule -Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Identify and discuss the six ethical principles discussed in the chapter.

Golden Rule -Do unto others as you would have them do unto you Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative -If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone Slippery Slope Rule -If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all Utilitarian Principle -Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value Risk Aversion Principle -Take the action that produces the least harm or potential cost Ethical "No Free Lunch" Rule -Assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone unless there is a specific declaration otherwise

Which of the following U.S. laws gives patients access to personal medical records and the right to authorize how this information can be used or disclosed? - HIPAA - Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act - Privacy Protection Act - Freedom of Information Act - COPPA

HIPPA

A man steals from a grocery store in order to feed his starving family. Which of the following best expresses the utilitarian principle in evaluating this situation? - His action is acceptable, because the grocer suffers the least harm. - His action is acceptable, because the higher social value is the survival of the family. - His action is wrong, because the man would not want the grocer to steal from him. - His action is wrong, because if everyone were to do this, the concept of personal property is defeated. - His action is wrong, because the grocery store owner is harmed.

His action is acceptable, because the higher social value is the survival of the family. utilitarian -Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value

Which of the following best describes Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative? If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time. One should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost. One can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. - If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take. - You should act towards others as you would like them to act towards you.

If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone

Which of the following best describes the effect that new information technology has on society? - It has a dampening effect on the discourse of business ethics. - It has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues. - It is beneficial for society as a whole, while raising dilemmas for consumers. - It has a waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues. - It has a magnifying effect, creating increasing numbers of ethical issues.

It has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues

A colleague at work takes small amounts of office supplies for her own personal use, saying that this is a tiny loss to the company. You tell her that if everyone were to take office supplies, then the loss would no longer be minimal. Your rationale expresses which of the following ethical principles? - Kant's Categorical Imperative - The Golden Rule - The Risk Aversion Principle - The "No free lunch" rule - The slippery-slope rule

Kant's Categorical Imperative -If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone

FIP principles are based on a belief in which of the following? - Accountability of the record holder - Responsibility of the record holder - Mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual - Privacy of the individual - Difference between the interests of the individual and commercial organizations

Mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual Fair Information Practices (FIP) •Fair information practices -Set of principles governing the collection and use of information -Basis of most U.S. and European privacy laws -Used to drive changes in privacy legislation: C O P P A Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act H I P A A

The obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property involve which of the following moral dimensions of the information age? - Property rights and obligations - System quality - Accountability and control - Information rights and obligations - Quality of life

Property rights and obligations How will traditional intellectual property rights be protected in a digital society in which tracing and accounting for ownership are difficult and ignoring such property rights is so easy? 5 Moral Dimensions: information rights and obligations, property rights and obligations, accountability, liability, and control, system quality, and the quality of life.

The obligations that individuals and organizations have regarding the preservation of existing values and institutions fall within which of the following moral dimensions of the information age? - Family and home - Property rights and obligations - System quality - You Answered Accountability and control - Quality of life

Quality of life 5 Moral Dimensions: information rights and obligations, property rights and obligations, accountability, liability, and control, system quality, and the quality of life.

Which of the following best describes how new information systems can result in legal gray areas? - They work with networked, digital data, which are more difficult to control than information stored manually. - They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws. - They are implemented by technicians rather than managers. - They are created from sets of logical and technological rules rather than social or organizational mores. - They are little understood by politicians or lawyers.

They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws.

The FIP principle of Notice/Awareness states that: - customers must be allowed to choose how their information will be used for secondary purposes other than the supporting transaction. - data collectors must take responsible steps to assure that consumer information is accurate and secure from unauthorized use. - there must be a mechanism in place to enforce FIP principles. - consumers should be able to review the data collected about them. - Websites must disclose their information practices before collecting data.

Websites must disclose their information practices before collecting data.

What is not a feature of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)? - It applies to all firms doing business in the EU. - It requires unambiguous consent for using personal data to construct profiles. - It imposes fines on companies for violating the regulation up to 4 percent of a firm's global revenue. - It creates a single EU privacy policy. - It prevents firms from using cookies.

- It prevents firms from using cookies. •Requires unambiguous explicit informed consent of customer •EU member nations cannot transfer personal data to countries without similar privacy protection -Applies across all EU countries to any firms operating in EU or processing data on EU citizens or residents -Strengthens right to be forgotten •Privacy Shield: All countries processing EU data must conform to GDPR requirements •Heavy fines: 4% of global daily revenue

The NAI is an industry association formed to help with which of the following? - Copyright protection - Online privacy issues - Patent protection - Trademark protection - Trade secret protection

- Online privacy issues National Advertising Initiative promotes the health of online ecosystem by maintaining and enforcing high standards for data collections and use for advertising online.

Describe three technology trends that pose ethical issues, giving an example for each of its ethical or moral impact. (short answer)

-Networking Advances: copying data from one location to another and accessing personal data are much easier. -Mobile Device Growth Impact: individual cell phones may be tracked without user consent or knowledge. -Data storage costs rapidly decline: organizations can easily maintain detailed databases on individuals. Trends: Computing power doubling every 18 months, data storage costs rapidly decline, data analysis advances, networking advances, mobile device growth impact.

What are the steps in conducting an ethical analysis?

1. identify and clearly describe the facts 2. Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved. 3. Identify the stakeholders 4. Identify the options you can reasonably take. 5. Identify the potential consequences of your options.

Which of the following protects the authors of a book from having their work copied by others? - Patent protection - Due process - Copyright law - Fair Use Doctrine - Trade Secret law

Copyright law

________ is a feature of law-governed society and involves having laws that are known and understood, along with the ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly. - Responsibility - Accountability - Liability - Due process - Duty

Due Process · Responsibility: Accepting potential costs, duties, and obligations for your decisions. · Accountability: Determining who should take responsibility for decisions and actions. · Liability: Legally placing responsibility with a person or group. · Due Process: Ensuring the laws are applied fairly and correctly.

In today's legal environment, managers who are convicted for the illegal use of information systems are still unlikely to be given a prison sentence. True or False

False Managers will likely serve prison sentence if convicted of illegal use of IS

Identifying the stakeholders-people who have a vested interest in the outcome of the decision-is the last step in analyzing an ethical issue. True or False

False •Five-step process for ethical analysis 1.Identify and clearly describe the facts. 2.Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved. 3.Identify the stakeholders. 4.Identify the options that you can reasonably take. 5.Identify the potential consequences of your options

Which of the following is not one of the current key technology trends that raises ethical issues? - Data storage improvements - Data analysis advancements - Increase in data quality - Increase in use of mobile devices - Advances in networking technology

Increase in data quality Trends: Computing power doubling every 18 months, data storage costs rapidly decline, data analysis advances, networking advances, mobile device growth impact.

What percent of global Internet users use Google Search and other Google services such as YouTube? - Less than 10 percent - Around 25 percent - About 50 percent - Nearly 80 percent - Over 90 percent

Nearly 80 percent

Which of the following restricts the information that the U.S. federal government can collect about an individual and regulates what it can do with the information? - The Privacy Act - The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act - The Freedom of Information Act - COPPA - HIPPA

Privacy Act of 1974 •Privacy -Claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals, organizations, or state; claim to be able to control information about yourself

Define the basic concepts of responsibility, accountability, and liability as applied to ethical decisions. How are these concepts related?

Responsibility: when a person accepts the potential costs, duties, and obligations for their decisions. Accountability: Determines who should take the responsibility for decisions and actions. Liability: legally placing responsibility with a person or group. All three involve "you" and your actions you have made.

According to ________, you should take the action that produces the least harm. - Kant's categorical imperative - the risk aversion principle - the utilitarian principle - the Golden Rule - the "no free lunch" rule

Risk Aversion Principle -Take the action that produces the least harm or potential cost

Which of the following forms of protection of intellectual property requires that the property be the subject of a nondisclosure agreement? - Copyright - Patent - All forms of intellectual property protection - Trademark - Trade secret

Trade Secret A non-disclosure agreement, also known as a confidentiality agreement

Ethics describes the principles of right and wrong that can be used by individuals to make choices to guide their behavior. True or False

True Ethics: in an information society holds each person responsible for his or her actions. Each person is accountable for everything he or she does, no matter how anonymous the action may seem. Each person is liable for the consequences his or her actions may inflict on other people and society as a whole.

Liability is a feature of political systems and allows individuals to recover damages done to them by others.

True · Liability: Legally placing responsibility with a person or group.

The Network Advertising Initiative is an industry association that: - encourages self-regulation to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members. - protects user privacy during interactions with websites. - has established technical guidelines for ensuring privacy. - regulates the use of customer information by firms. - is a safe harbor program established by the U.S. government.

encourages self-regulation to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members. pushing for self-regulation and the practice of requiring individuals to "opt-out" of data gathering. Opting out allows individuals to tell an organization not to share personal information with any third party

The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that: - if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time. - one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost. - one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. - if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work. - if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take.

if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work. -Assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone unless there is a specific declaration otherwise

When a cookie is created during a website visit, it is stored: - on the website's server. - on the hard drive of the visitor's computer. - on the ISP's servers. - in the browser's application settings. - nowhere, because they are only used during a visit and are discarded once a visitor leaves the website.

on the hard drive of the visitor's computer.