MIS ch 6

List at least three conditions that contribute to data redundancy and inconsistency.

1. different jargon used in the departments of the company 2. multiple spellings of the same name may be used 3. descriptions of things may vary Field names may be different and attributes can differ

List and describe three main capabilities or tools of a DBMS.

A DBMS includes capabilities and tools for organizing, managing, and accessing the data in the database. Its most important capabilities and tools are data definition, data dictionary, and data manipulation language. Data Definition: specifies the structure of the content of the database. Used to create database tables and define the characteristics of the fields in each table. Data dictionary: an automated or manual file that stores definitions of data elements and their characteristics. Data manipulation language: used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database.

Which of the following enables a DBMS to reduce data redundancy and inconsistency? Ability to couple program and data Ability to enforce referential integrity Ability to minimize isolated files with repeated data Ability to create two-dimensional tables Use of a data dictionary

Ability to minimize isolated files with repeated data DBMS Solves Traditional File Environment problems by reducing data redundancy and inconsistencies. It enables the firm to centrally manage data, their use, and security. Data sharing is easier because data are presented to users as being in a single location.

You are creating a database to store temperature and wind data from various airports. Which of the following fields is the most likely candidate to use as the basis for a primary key in the Airport table? City State Airport code Address Day

Airport code each table contains a primary key, a unique identifier for each record.

The small publishing company you work for wants to create a new database for storing information about all of their author contracts. What factors will influence how you design the database? (short answer)

Assessment of data quality, business processes and user needs, and relationship to existing IT systems. Data accuracy when the new data is input, establishing a good data model, determining which data is important and anticipating what the possible uses for the data will be, technical difficulties linking this system to existing systems, new business processes for data input and handling, and contracts management, determining how end users will use the data, making data definitions consistent with other databases, what methods to use to cleanse the data.

A characteristic or quality that describes a particular database entity is called a(n): attribute. tuple. relationship. field. key field.

Attribute

You have been asked to design a new contracts database for a small publishing company. What fields do you anticipate needing? Which of these fields might be in use in other databases used by the company?

Author first name, author last name, author address, agent name, and address, title of book, book ISBN, date of contract, amount of money, payment schedule, date contract ends. Other databases might be an author database (author name, address, and agent details), a book title database (title and ISBN #), and financial database (payment schedule, amount of money).

In data mining, which of the following involves recognizing patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs by examining existing items and inferring a set of rules? Forecasting Classifications Sequences Clustering Associations

Classifications These are the five types of information managers can obtain from data mining: Associations: Determine occurrences linked to a single event Sequences: Determine events that are linked over time Classification: Discover characteristics of customers and make predictions about their behavior Clustering: Discover groups within data Forecasting: Use existing values to forecast what other values will be

Microsoft SQL Server is a(n): DBMS for mobile devices. desktop relational DBMS. Internet DBMS. DBMS for midrange computers. DBMS for both desktops and mobile devices

DBMS for midrange computers SQL (Structured Query Language) is the most prominent language and is now embedded in desktop applications such as Microsoft Access.

In a large organization, which of the following functions would be responsible for policies and procedures for managing internal data resources? Information policy administration Data administration Data auditing Database management Database administration

Data administration

Which of the following is an automated or manual file that stores information about data elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership, authorization, and security? Relationship dictionary Data definition diagram Data dictionary Data table Entity-relationship diagram

Data dictionary

Which common database challenge is illustrated by a person receiving multiple copies of an L.L. Bean catalog, each addressed to a slightly different variation of his or her full name? Data duplication Data redundancy Data normalization Data accuracy Data inconsistency

Data inconsistency

Which of the following occurs when the same attribute in related data files has different values? Data dependence Data discrepancy Data duplication Data redundancy Data inconsistency

Data inconsistency Data inconsistency: the same attribute (characteristic or quality) may have different values.

Which of the following is a specialized language that programmers use to add and change data in the database? Structured query language Data definition language Correct Answer Data manipulation language DBMS Data Access Language

Data manipulation language Data manipulation language: used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database. It is a formal language used to manipulate the data in the database and make sure they are formulated into useful information

________ creates confusion that hampers the creation of information systems that integrate data from different sources. Data quality Online processing Data redundancy Data independence Batch processing

Data redundancy :is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location. Occurs when different groups in a firm independently collect the same piece of data and store it independently of each other. Wastes storage resources and leads to data inconsistency.

CGI is a DBMS programming language that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database. True or False

False Common Gateway Interface CGI: could handle what application servers manage (transactions and takes requests from the web server, runs business logic to process transactions based on requests, and provide connectivity to org's back-end systems or database)

The logical and physical views of data are combined into a single view in a DBMS. True or false

False Physical views of data are often different from the logical views of the same data when they are actually being used.

Relational DBMSs use key field rules to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent

False In a relational database, each table contains a primary key, a unique identifier for each record. To make sure the tables relate to each other

Which of the following is a grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number? File Table Tuple Entity Field

Field Field: a grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number (such as a person's name or age). (IS 101) You set up a database to maintain the information. For each customer, you create a record. Within each record you have the following fields: customer first name, customer last name, street address, city, state, zip, ID, and date last paid. Smith, Jones, and Brooks are the records within a file you decide to call Paper Delivery. The entities then are Smith, Jones, and Brooks, the people about whom you are maintaining information. The attributes are customer's name (first and last), address (street, city, state, zip code), ID, and date last paid

Which of the following technologies would you use to analyze the social media data collected by a major online retailer? DBMS Hadoop Data mart OLAP Data warehouse

Hadoop Hadoop: used for handling unstructured and semi-structured data in vast quantities. It is an open-source software framework managed by the Apache Software Foundation that enables distributed parallel processing of huge amounts of data across inexpensive computers. Combines large data and creates a smaller set that is easier to analyze. (searching for best price, google search, or connect with a friend on FB).

Which of the following is not one of the benefits of a blockchain database? - It enables firms to create and verify translations on a network very rapidly. - It provides users with an integrated view of the data. - It enables the ability to use relational databases. - It prevents data from being altered retroactively. - It allows administrators to manage data more effectively.

It enables firms to create and verify translations on a network very rapidly. Slower process, but less error and cost effective.

The fact that a traditional file system cannot respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion is an example of which of the following issues with traditional file systems? Lack of flexibility Data redundancy Program-data dependence Lack of data sharing Poor security

Lack of Flexibility Lack of Flexibility: specific information requested may take finesse and take weeks to compile because reports aren't flexible. It cannot deliver ad hoc reports or respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion.

Which of the following is a DBMS for desktop computers? Oracle Database Microsoft SQL Server DB2 Microsoft Access Microsoft Exchange

Microsoft Access DBMS: Database management systems is software the enables an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs. An interface (where 2 systems meet) between application programs and the physical data files.

MongoDB and SimpleDB are both examples of: A) Open-source databases. B) SQL databases. C) NoSQL databases. D) Cloud databases.

NoSQL databases

Which of the following is the most prominent data manipulation language today? DB2 Access NoSQL Crystal Reports SQL

SQL A type of data manipulation language. SQL (Structured Query Language) is the most prominent language and is now embedded in desktop applications such as Microsoft Access.

In data mining, which of the following involves events linked over time? Forecasting Classifications Sequences Clustering Associations

Sequences These are the five types of information managers can obtain from data mining: Associations: Determine occurrences linked to a single event Sequences: Determine events that are linked over time Classification: Discover characteristics of customers and make predictions about their behavior Clustering: Discover groups within data Forecasting: Use existing values to forecast what other values will be

The term data governance refers to the policies and processes for managing the integrity and security of data in a firm. True or False

True Data Governance: deals with policies and processes for managing the availability, usability, integrity, and security of the data employed in an enterprise with special emphasis on promoting privacy, security, data quality, and compliance with govt regulations.

Every record in a file should contain at least one key field. True or False

True Each record requires a key field, or unique identifier. The best example of this is your social security number—there is only one per person

A record is a group of related fields. True or false

True Field: a grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number (such as a person's name or age). (IS 101) You set up a database to maintain the information. For each customer, you create a record. Within each record you have the following fields: customer first name, customer last name, street address, city, state, zip, ID, and date last paid. Smith, Jones, and Brooks are the records within a file you decide to call Paper Delivery. The entities then are Smith, Jones, and Brooks, the people about whom you are maintaining information. The attributes are customer's name (first and last), address (street, city, state, zip code), ID, and date last paid

Program-data dependence refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data. True or False

True One program might be modified from a five-digit zip code to a nine digit zip code. If the original data file were changed from five-digit to nine-digit zip codes, then other programs that required the five digit zip code would no longer work properly.

OLAP can manage and handle queries with very large sets of data. True or False

True Online Analytical Processing (OLAP): supports multidimensional data analysis, enabling users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions.

A physical view shows data as it is actually organized and structured on the data storage media. True or False

True The physical view of data focuses on where the data are actually stored in the record or in a file. The physical view is important to programmers who must manipulate the data as they are physically stored in the database.

You can use text mining tools to analyze unstructured data, such as memos and legal cases. True or False

True Text mining tools help scrub text files to find data or to discern patterns and relationships. Helps business analyze unstructured data like email memos, survey responses, legal cases, service reports. To analyze transcripts of calls to customer service centers to identify major service and repair issues or to measures customer sentiment about their firm.

DBMS have a data definition capability to specify the structure of the content of the database. True or False

True data definition is the capability to specify the structure of the content of the data. It's used to create database tables and define the characteristics of the fields in each table

Complicated groupings of data in a relational database need to be adjusted to eliminate awkward many-to-many relationships True or False

True done by normalization by minimizing redundancy and increasing the stability and flexibility of databases. Creating small, stable, yet flexible and adaptive data structures from complex groups of data.

A one-to-many relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends with: three short marks. two short marks. a crow's foot. a crow's foot topped by a short mark. one short mark.

a crow's foot topped by a short mark.

The join operation: - combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. - creates a subset consisting of columns in a table. - creates a subset consisting of rows in a table. - identifies the table from which the columns will be selected. - organizes elements into segments

combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. Use these three basic operations to develop relational databases: · Select: Creates a subset of records meeting the stated criteria. · Join: Combine related tables to provide more information than individual tables. · Project: Create a new table from subsets of previous tables.

The select operation: - creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria - combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. - creates a subset consisting of rows in a table. - identifies the table from which the columns will be selected. - creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.

creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria Use these three basic operations to develop relational databases: · Select: Creates a subset of records meeting the stated criteria. · Join: Combine related tables to provide more information than individual tables. · Project: Create a new table from subsets of previous tables.

The project operation: - creates a subset consisting of columns in a table. - organizes elements into segments. - combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. - identifies the table from which the columns will be selected. - creates a subset consisting of rows in a table.

creates a subset consisting of columns in a table. Use these three basic operations to develop relational databases: · Select: Creates a subset of records meeting the stated criteria. · Join: Combines related tables to provide more information than individual tables. · Project: Creates a new table from subsets of previous tables.

The term big data refers to all of the following except: datasets with fewer than a billion records. data created by social media (i.e. tweets, Facebook Likes). data from Web traffic. machine-generated data (i.e. from sensors). datasets with unstructured data.

datasets with fewer than a billion records.

DBMSs typically include report generating tools in order to: - perform predictive analysis. - analyze the database's performance. - retrieve and display data. - display data in a more structured and polished format than would be possible just by querying. - display data in graphs.

display data in a more structured and polished format than would be possible just by querying.

Data cleansing not only corrects errors but also: enforces consistency among different sets of data. normalizes data. structures data. removes duplicate data. establishes logical relationships between data.

enforces consistency among different sets of data.

A schematic of the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called a(n): entity-relationship diagram. intersection relationship diagram. data dictionary. data analysis table. data definition diagram.

entity-relationship diagram helps determine the relationships between each data entity Supplier prodvides>Part is ordered...>Line_Item belongs to...>Order

All of the following are issues with the traditional file environment except: · data sharing. · data inconsistency. · inability to develop specialized applications for functional areas. · lack of flexibility in creating ad-hoc reports. · poor security.

inability to develop specialized applications for functional areas. Problems with traditional file environment: Data redundancy Data inconsistency Program-data dependence Lack of Flexibility Poor Security Lack of Data Sharing and availability

An organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information is called a(n)? Data definition file data quality audit data governance policy information policy data policy

information policy Information Policy: specifies the organization's rules for sharing, spread throughout, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information. Lays out specific procedures and accountabilities, where information can be distributed and who is responsible for updating and maintaining that info.

A field identified in a record as holding the unique identifier for that record is called the: primary key. key field. unique ID. primary field. key attribute.

key field. Each record requires a key field, or unique identifier.

The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships is called: data defining. data scrubbing. optimization. data cleansing. normalization.

normalization. Minimizing redundancy and increasing the stability and flexibility of databases. Creating small, stable, yet flexible and adaptive data structures from complex groups of data.

A DBMS makes the: physical database available for different logical views. physical database available for different analytic views. relational database available for different logical views. logical database available for different analytic views. relational database available for different analytic views.

physical database available for different logical views.

The logical view of a database: presents data as they would be perceived by end users. displays the organization and structure of data on the physical storage media. allows the creation of supplementary reports. includes a digital dashboard. enables users to manipulate the logical structure of the database.

presents data as they would be perceived by end users.

A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table's records is called the: unique ID. primary entity. primary key. primary field. key field.

primary key In a relational database, each table contains a primary key, a unique identifier for each record.

A database ________ describes a database entity. record field file byte value

record Record: a group of related fields, such as the student's name, the course taken, the date, and the grade You set up a database to maintain the information. For each customer, you create a record. Within each record you have the following fields: customer first name, customer last name, street address, city, state, zip, ID, and date last paid. Smith, Jones, and Brooks are the records within a file you decide to call Paper Delivery. The entities then are Smith, Jones, and Brooks, the people about whom you are maintaining information. The attributes are customer's name (first and last), address (street, city, state, zip code), ID, and date last paid

Data ________ occurs when the same data is duplicated in multiple files of a database. independence partitions discrepancy repetition redundancy

redundancy data redundancy: is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location. Occurs when different groups in a firm independently collect the same piece of data and store it independently of each other. Wastes storage resources and leads to data inconsistency.

A(n) ________ represent data as two-dimensional tables. object-oriented DBMS hierarchical DBMS mobile DBMS relational DBMS non-relational DBMS

relational DBMS Relational DBMS: most popular type for PCs and larger computers and mainframes. They represent data as two-dimensional tables (called relations). Tables aka as files.

In a table for customers, the information about a single customer resides in a single: entity. table. column. row. field.

row

Identify and describe three basic operations used to extract useful sets of data from a relational database.

select, join, and project: The select operation creates a subset consisting of all records (rows) in the table that meets stated criteria. The join operation combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is available in individual tables. The project operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain only the information required.

In a relational database, the three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data are: select, project, and where. where, from, and join. select, join, and where. select, project, and join. where, find, and select.

select, project, and join. Use these three basic operations to develop relational databases: · Select: Creates a subset of records meeting the stated criteria. · Join: Combine related tables to provide more information than individual tables. · Project: Create a new table from subsets of previous tables.

Microsoft Access's data dictionary displays all of the following information about a field except the: description of the field. the organization within the organization that is responsible for maintaining the data. format of the field. size of the field. type of the field.

the organization within the organization that is responsible for maintaining the data. Data dictionary: an automated or manual file that stores definitions of data elements and their characteristics.

In a relational database, a record is referred to in technical terms as a(n): tuple. field. table. entity. key.

tuple A group of fields is stored in a record or tuple (the technical term for record).

OLAP enables: programmers to normalize data. programmers to quickly diagram data relationships. users to view both logical and physical views of data. users to quickly generate summary reports. users to obtain online answers to ad-hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.

users to obtain online answers to ad-hoc (formulated) questions in a rapid amount of time. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP): supports multidimensional data analysis, enabling users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions.

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between entities and attributes? · The entity PRODUCT with the attribute PURCHASE · The entity PRODUCT with the attribute CUSTOMER · The entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PRODUCT · The entity PURCHASE with the attribute CUSTOMER · The entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PURCHASE

· The entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PURCHASE Entity: is a person, place, thing, or event on which we store and maintain information. Attribute: each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity.