MIS Chapter 9

user name (also called _?)

"User ID"

Memory Resident

(the kernel) remains in memory while the computer or mobile is running

Operating System Functions

- start and shut down - provide a user interface - manage programs - manage memory - coordinate tasks - configure devices - establish an internet connection - monitor performance - provide file management and other device or media-related tasks - updating operating system software - control a network - administer security

Process to Prevent Thrashing

1. Remove unnecessary files and uninstall them 2. Defrag the hard disk 3. Purchase and install additional RAM

LINUX

1991; multitasking UNIX-based os that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices provides a secure, stable, multi-user environment runs on supercomputers

Examples of Mobile OSs

Google Android Apple iOS Windows Phone

Chrome OS

Linux-based os designed to work mainly with web apps

backwards compatible

OS recognizes apps written for earlier os'

OEMs

Original Equipment and Manufacturers

Examples of Server OSs

Window Server Mac OS X Server UNIX Linux

Examples of Desktop OSs

Windows OS X UNIX Linux Chrome OS

Spooling

a process that sends documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer

User Name / User ID

a unique combo of characters that identifies a specific user

Command Line Interface

a user types commands represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions

single tasking operating system

allows only one program or app to run at a time

multitasking operating system

allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time

Sign In

allows you to access resources on a computer or network

Page

amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time

Cross-Platform Application

application that runs the same on multiple operating systems

Swap File

area of the hard disk used for virtual memory swaps data, info, and instructions between memory and storage

open source software

code is provided for use, modding, and redistribution

Desktop OS / stand-alone OS / client OS

complete OS that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets work in conjunction with a server OS

desktop os (stand alone os) (client os)

complete os that works on desktops, laptops and tablets

Firmware

consists of ROM chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions

User Interface (UI)

controls how you enter data and instructions and ow information is displayed on the screen

permissions

define who can access certain resources and when they can be accessed

iOS

developed by Apple for their devices

Windows Phone

developed by Microsoft; proprietary mobile os that runs on smartphones

OS X server

developed by apple; enables organizations to collab, share files, host websites, etc. on mac and iOS devices

Queue

documents line up here in the buffer

Boot Drive

drive which your personal computer starts, which typically is an internal hard drive, such as a hard disk or SSD

administrator account

enables access to all files and programs, can install programs, and change settings

window server

enables organizations to manage apps and websites on the cloud and on site

Multi-user Operating System

enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously

virtual memory

feature of an OS that allows a computer to compensate for shortages of physical memory by temporarily transferring pages of data from random access memory (RAM) to disk storage

automatic update

feature that regularly provide new features or corrections to the program

service pack

free downloadable software updates

Nonresident

instructions remain on a storage medium until they are needed, then are transferred to memory (RAM)

Graphical User Interface

interacting with menus and visual images by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking, buttons and other objects to issue commands

Print Spooler

intercepts documents to be printed from the OS and places them in the queue

UNIX

multitasking os developed in the early 70s by Bell Labs capable of handling a high volume of transactions in a multiuser environment and working with multiple processors

server os

multiuser os that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network.

upward compatible

old apps can run on new software

Android

open-source, LINUX based mobile os designed by Google

Platform

operating system that a computer uses

Memory Management

optimizes the use of the computer or devices internal memory

Background

other programs running that you are not currently using

Network Administrator

person overseeing network operations, uses the server operating system to add and remove users, computers, and other devices to and from the network

network administrator

person who oversees network operations

Password

private combo of characters associated with the user name that allows access to certain computer or network resources

Proprietary software

privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer device

proprietary software

privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model

Encryption

process of encoding data and info into unreadable form

Booting

process of starting or restarting a computer or mobile

Performance Monitor

program that assesses and reports info about various computer resources and devices

password

provate combo of characters associated with the user name that allows access to a computer or resources

Backward Compatible

recognize and work with applications written for an earlier version of the OS or platform

mobile os

relies on firmware

Boot Disk

removable data such as a CD or USB

Warm Boot

restarting a computer while it remains powered on

device independent operating systems

retain existing apps and data files even if you change computer models or brand

Device-Indepentent OS

run on computers provided by a variety of manufactures can retain existing applications and data files even if you change your computer model or vendor

Device-Dependent Program

runs only a specific type or make of computer

device dependent program

runs only on a specific type or make of computer or mobile device

Hibernate Mode

saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer

Sleep Mode

saves any open documents and running programs or apps to memory, turns off all unneeded functions, and places the computer in a low-power state

Buffer

segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device to an output device

Command Language

set of commands used to control actions

Operating System

set of programs that coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile hardware "system software"; programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

(Device) Driver

small program that tells the OS how to communicate with a specific device

driver (device driver)

small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

Cold Boot

starting a computer or mobile device from a state when it is completely powered off

Paging

technique of swapping items between memory and storage

Plug and Play

the OS automatically configures new devices as you install them

Foreground

the active program

Kernel

the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources

Live CD / Live USB

the media can be used to start a computer

Virtual Memory

the operating system allocates a portion of a storage medium, such as the hard disk or a USB flash drive, to function as additional RAM

sign in

used to access resources

Upward Compatible

when an application can run on new versions of the OS

Thrashing

when an operating system spends much of its time paging