MIS exam 1 (Ch. 1,2,5)
Business Drivers of Information Systems
1. Operational excellence 2. New products, services, and business models 3. Customer and supplier intimacy 4. Improved decision making 5. Competitive advantage 6. Survival
problem solving four-step process
1. problem identification 2. solution design 3. choice 4. implementation
In order to manage their relationship with an outsourcer or technology service provider, firms need a contract that includes a(n): SLA. SOA. capacity plan. TCO. API.
SLA
________ is a service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format. Email HTML An extranet FTP The World Wide Web
The world wide web
What is the foundation technology for web services? HTML SOAP Java UDDI XML
XML
Connecting geographically remote computers in a single network to create a "virtual supercomputer" is called: centralized processing. client/server computing. co-location. cloud computing. grid computing.
grid computing
four basic business functions
manufacturing and production sales and marketing finance and accounting human resources
solution design
often many possible solutions consider as many as possible to understand range of solutions
Flapjack Flats, a new pancake restaurant chain, is having difficulty finding pancake chefs. This is a business problem that falls into the: people dimension. organizational dimension. technical dimension. management dimension. cultural dimension.
organizational dimension
hypertext markup language (HTML)
page description language for specifying how elements are placed on a web page and for creating links to other pages and objects
As discussed in the chapter case, all of the following are benefits of wearable computing devices except: processing customer credit card information. capturing real-time performance data. enabling hands-free access to information. providing information on workflow inefficiencies. correlating data to actual human behavior.
processing customer credit card information.
Information Technology
the hardware and software a business uses to achieve objectives
To make sure it stocks clothes that its customers will purchase, a department store implements a new application that analyzes spending levels at its stores and cross-references this data to popular clothing styles. Which of the following business objectives is this information intended to support? New products Customer intimacy Survival Supplier intimacy New services
customer intimacy
immediate business environment
customers suppliers competitors regulations stockholders
Organizations- dimensions of info systems
- Coordinate work through structured hierarchy and business processes - Business processes: related tasks and behaviors for accomplishing work ▪ Examples: fulfilling an order, hiring an employee ▪ May be informal or include formal rules - Culture embedded in information systems ▪ Example: U P S 's concern with placing service to customer first
Technology- dimensions of info systems
- IT Infrastructure: Foundation or platform that information systems are built on ▪ Computer hardware ▪ Computer software ▪ Data management technology ▪ Networking and telecommunications technology - Internet and web, extranets, intranets - Voice, video communications
People- dimensions of info systems
- Information systems require skilled people to build, maintain, and use them. - Employee attitudes affect their ability to use systems productively. - Role of managers: ▪ Perceive business challenges ▪ Set organizational strategy ▪ Allocate human and financial resources ▪ Creative work: new products, services
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model
-analyzing direct and indirect costs to determine the actual cost of owning a specific technology *direct costs: hardware, software purchase costs *indirect costs: ongoing administration costs, upgrades, maintenance, etc. *hidden costs: support staff, downtime, etc. -TCO can be reduced through increased centralization, standardization of hardware and software resources
continuous task
-asynchronous -colocated(same place) -team rooms, large public display, shift work groupware, project management
communication & coordination
-asynchronous -remote -email, bulletin boards, blogs, asynchronous conferencing, group calendars, workflow, version control, wikis
infrastructure components
-computer hardware -computer software -data management technology -networking and telecommunications technology -technology services
cloud computing
-computing resources obtained over the internet *infrastructure as a service *software as a service *platform as a service -public vs. private clouds -utility computing, on-demand computing -hybrid cloud -data storage security is in hands of provider
client/server computing
-form of distributed computing -splits processing between "clients" and "servers" -two-tiered client/server architecture -multi-tiered client/server architecture (N-tier) *web servers *application servers
customer relationship management systems (CRM)
-help manage relationship with customers -coordinate business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and customer service -goals *optimize revenue *improve customer satisfaction *increase customer retention *identity and retain most profitable customers *increase sales
enterprise systems (ERP)
-integrate data from key business processes into single system -speed communication of info throughout firm -enable greater flexibility in responding to customer requests, greater accuracy in order fulfillment -enable managers to assemble overall view of operations
transaction processing systems (TPS)
-keep track of basic activities and transactions of organization -serve operational managers -purpose is to answer routine questions and to track the flow of transactions through the organization -monitor status of internal operations and firm's relationship with external environment -major producers of information for other systems -highly central to business operations and functioning
knowledge management systems (KMS)
-manage processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise -collect relevant knowledge and make it available wherever needed in the enterprise to improve business processes and management decisions - link firm to external sources of knowledge
supply chain management systems (SCM)
-manage relationships with suppliers, purchasing firms, distributors, and logistics companies -manage shared info about orders, production, inventory levels -type of inter-organizational system
software trends
-open source software *Linux, Apache -cloud-based software and tools *SaaS (software as a service) > google docs -mashups *zip realty uses google maps and zillow.com -apps (mobile)
types of computers
-personal computers and mobile devices -workstations -servers -mainframes -supercomputers -grid computing
capacity planning
-predicting when hardware system becomes saturated -ensuring computing power for current and future needs -factors: *maximum number of users *impact of current, future software *performance measures
Management Information Systems (MIS)
-provide middle managers with reports on firm's performance, to help monitor firm and predict future performance -summarize and report on basic operations using TPS data -provide weekly, monthly, annual results, but may enable drilling down into daily or hourly data -typically not very flexible with little analytic capability
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
-serve middle managers -support nonroutine decision making -often use external info as well from TPS and MIS -model driven DSS (voyage-estimating systems) -data drive DSS (intrawest's marketing analysis systems)
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
-serve senior managers -address strategic issues and long-term trends -address nonroutine decision making -provide generalized computing capacity that can be applied to changing array of problems -draw summarized info from MIS, DSS, and data from external events -typically use portal with web interface, or digital dashboard, to present content
operating system software
-software that controls computer activities -GUIs -multitouch -PC operating systems *windows, mac *UNIX *Linux (open source) -mobile operating systems *chrome, android, iOS
systems for knowledge management
-structured vs. tactic knowledge -enterprise content management systems (ECM) -locating and sharing expertise
face-to-face interactions
-synchronous -colocated(same place) -decision rooms, single display group ware, shared table, wall displays, roomware
remote interactions
-synchronous -remote -video conferencing, instant messaging, charts/MUDs/virtual worlds, shared screens, multi-user editors
outsourcing
-using external provider to run computer center and networks -web hosting service -offshore software outsourcing -service level agreements (SLAs)
What is the estimated growth rate for information systems managers' jobs through 2026? 9% 13% 5% 17% 15%
15%
As described in the chapter case, which of the following constitutes a people element of the UPS tracking system? The decision to use automation The ability to provide package status reports to customers The ability to embed UPS functions in external sites The web-based Post Sales Order Management System The implementation of in-house package tracking software
?
Activities in an information system that produce information
Input Processing Output Feedback
Which of the following is an example of raw data from an automobile manufacturer? Annual sales of Subaru Outbacks increased 4.5 percent An average of 130 Subarus sold daily in New York in 2019 An average sale price of $26,000 for all Subaru Outbacks sold during January 2019 in Mount Kisco, New York One Subaru Outback sold January 7, 2019 in Mount Kisco, New York for $25,000 1,300 Subaru Outbacks sold during the first quarter 2019 in New York
One Subaru Outback sold January 7, 2019 in Mount Kisco, New York for $25,000
scalability
ability of system to expand to serve large number of users without breaking down
problem identification
agreement that the problem exists definition of the problem causes of the problem what can be done given firm's resources
implementation
building or purchasing solution testing solution, employee training change management measurement of outcomes feedback, evaluation of solution
All of the following are traditional storage technologies except: magnetic disks. storage networks. magnetic tape. optical drives. cloud computing.
cloud computing
extranents
company websites accessible only to authorized vendor and suppliers; facilitate collaboration
The six important business objectives of information system investment include all of the following except: survival. employee morale. new products. competitive advantage. improved decision making.
employee morale
four types of enterprise applications
enterprise systems supply chain management systems customer relationship management systems knowledge management systems
The total cost of ownership refers to only the direct costs of owning hardware and software. True False
false
Today, most system software is custom built by in-house programmers. True False
false
Whereas marketing and financial careers have been transformed by the growth in information systems, thus far managerial positions have remained relatively unaffected. True False
false
________ describes the practices and technologies used to minimize the environmental effects of manufacturing and managing computing devices. Green computing Cloud computing Utility computing Capacity planning On-demand computing
green computing
All of the following describe the effects of globalization except: increases in transaction costs. significant decreases in operating costs. ability to reliably obtain price and quality information worldwide. reduction of labor costs through outsourcing. increased ability to find low-cost suppliers.
increases in transaction costs.
Intranents
internal networks based on internet standards; often are private access area in companies website
Information System
interrelated components that manage information to: - Support decision making and control - Help with analysis, visualization, and product creation
levels in a firm
senior management middle management (scientists and knowledge workers) operational management (production and service workers and data workers)
e-commerce
subset of e-business; buying and selling goods and services through internet
five basic business entities
suppliers customers employees invoices/payments products and services
global business environment
technology science economy politics international change
A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth. True False
true
A private cloud is operated for the benefit of a single organization but may be managed by a third party and located off premises. True False
true
Question 81 / 1 pts HTML specifies how text, graphics, video, and sound are placed on a web page. True False
true
e-business
use of digital technology and internet to drive major business processes
e-government
using internet technology to deliver information and services to citizens, employees, and businesses
Survival
• Businesses may need to invest in information systems out of necessity; it is simply the cost of doing business. • Keeping up with competitors - Citibank's introduction of A T M s • Federal and state regulations and reporting requirements - Toxic Substances Control Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Customer and Supplier Intimacy
• Customers who are served well become repeat customers who purchase more. - Mandarin Oriental Hotel ▪ Uses IT to foster an intimate relationship with its customers, keeping track of preferences, and so on • Close relationships with suppliers result in lower costs. - J JCPenney ▪ IT to enhance relationship with supplier in Hong Kong
Improved Decision Making
• If managers rely on forecasts, best guesses, and luck, they will misallocate employees, services, and inventory. • Real-time data improves ability of managers to make decisions. • Verizon: web-based digital dashboard to update managers with real-time data on customer complaints, network performance, and line outages
Operational Excellence
• Improved efficiency results in higher profits. • Information systems and technologies help improve efficiency and productivity.
The Role of People and Organizations
• Information systems literacy - Includes behavioral and technical approach • Computer literacy - Focuses mostly on knowledge of I T • Management information systems (M I S) - Focuses on broader information systems literacy - Issues surrounding development, use, impact of information systems used by managers and employees - Focuses on firm performance, productivity, and competitive challenges
Competitive Advantage
• Often results from achieving previous business objectives • Advantages over competitors: - Charging less for superior products, better performance, and better response to suppliers and customers - Examples: Apple, Walmart, and U P S are industry leaders because they know how to use information systems for this purpose