MIS EXAM 1: Chapter 5
Servers
A computer is designated a "server" based on it's purpose. Support computer networks, sharing files and resources. Provide hardware platform for e-commerce.
A Storage Area Network (SAN)
A dedicated network storage facility that provides access to data storage over a high-speed network.
Cloud Computing:
A model of computing in which firms and individuals obtain computing resources over the Internet Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) Public vs. Private vs. Hybrid Clouds Utility computing, on-demand computing Data storage security is in hands of provider Service Level Agreements (SLA) are critical.
centralized computing
A model where all computing for a network is done by a large central device.
Virtual Machine (VM)
An operating system or application that is installed within a specific type of software called a virtual application, which imitates dedicated computer hardware. To the user, the experience of running the virtual machine is intended to be the same as if they were running an operating system or application on their dedicated machine. Performance varies based on the capabilities of the physical hardware. Virtualization software is widely used on both client and server computers. .
Multi-tiered client/server architecture (N-tier)
Balances the load the network over several levels of servers. Example: Web Servers and Application Servers
Computer Hardware & Software
Client & Server side.
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Collection of services used to build an organization's software systems.
Rapid Elasticity
Computing resources expand and contract as necessary to serve users.
Personal Computes (PC/MAC)
Desktop/Laptop
Output Devices:
Display data after they have been processed Monitors, Printers, Audio Output, Digital Dashboards, Mobile Devices
Client/Server Computing
Form of distributed computing (versus centralized) Splits processing between "client" machines and "server" machines. Clients: user point of entry to system/network Servers: store and process shared data and perform network management activities. The client/server computing model has largely replaced the centralized mainframe computing model.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
Foundation of Web Services
Input Devices:
Gather data and convert them into electronic form. Keyboard, computer mouse, touch screen, pen-based input, optical character recognition, magnetic ink character recognition, digital scanner, audio input, sensors, etc.
Magnetic Disks
Hard drives (HDDs)
Mainframes:
Large capacity, high performance computer that can process large amounts of data very rapidly. First appeared in the mid-1960's, pre-dates the PC, the original "computer" in a centralized mainframe computing model.
Primary/Secondary Storage Technologies
Magnetic Disks Solid State Memory Optical Disks Magnetic Tape Storage Networking: SANs Network Attached Storage
Technology Services:
Managed Infrastructure Services Networking Administrators, Engineers Consultants for systems integration with legacy systems
The Mobile Digital Platform
Mobile devices, smartphones Netbooks and tablet computers, e-readers
Supercomputer
More sophisticated computer used for tasks requiring extremely rapid and complex calculations with thousands of variables, millions of measurements. Used in engineering, scientific simulations, military/weapons research, weather forecasting Example: IBM Watson
Storage Networking: SANs
Multiple storage devices connected on a separate high-speed networking dedicated to storage.
Consumerization of IT
New technology that emerges in consumer market spreads into business organizations. BYOD (bring your own device): businesses use of personal mobile devices.
Ubiquitous Network Access:
No special devices are necessary for accessing data or services.
Cloud Computing Five Defining Characteristics:
On Demand Self Service: Ubiquitous Network Access: Location Independent Resource Pooling: Rapid Elasticity: Measured Services
Data Management Technology
Organizes, manages, and processes business data concerned with inventory, customers, vendors, etc. Data centers
Grid/Cluster Computing
Power of geographically remote computers connected into a single logical network to act as a "virtual supercomputer
Capacity Planning
Process of predicting when hardware systems become saturated. Ensuring the firm has enough computing power for current and future needs (customers) Factors include: Maximum number of users Impact of current, future software Performance measures
Virtualization
Process of presenting a set of computing resources so they can be accessed in ways that are unrestricted by physical configuration or geographic location Enables single physical resource to appear to the user as multiple resources Enables companies to host multiple systems on a single machine.
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Network Attached Storage
Similar to SAN, but client accesses NAS devices directly
Cloud Computing Service Models
Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Web services
Software components that exchange information with one another using universal Web communication standards and languages.
Workstations
Special class of personal computers with more powerful mathematical and graphics processing capabilities. Graphic Editing, Gaming, Mathematical Processing
Networking and Telecommunications Technology
Structured Cabling, Networking Appliances, Voice & Data
Operating Systems
System software that manages and controls the computer's activities. Enabling the computer to multi-task, run applications and store data. (Windows, Mac OSX, Linux, etc.)
Disruptive Technologies
Technology and resulting business innovation that change the business landscape and environment radically. Substitute products that perform as well or better than anything current produced.
Solid State Memory
USB Flash Drives Solid State Drives (SSDs)
Total Costs of Ownership (TCO) Model
Used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help determine the actual cost of owning a specific technology.
On Demand Self Service:
Users can access computing capabilities whenever and wherever they are.
Location Independent Resource Pooling:
Users don't need to be concerned about where the data is located.
Measured Services
Users pay only for the computing capabilities actually used.
Two-tiered client/server architecture
Uses two types of machines
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
a collection of web services that Amazon provides to users of its cloud platform. AWS is the largest provider of cloud-based services in the United States.
Scalability
ability of system to expand in order to serve a large number of users (volume) without crashing system (breaking down)
Client/Server Computing (Multi-tiered)
client requests for service are handled by different levels of servers.
Client/Server Computing (Two-Tiered)
computer processing is split between client machines and server machines linked by a network. Users interface with the client machines.
A firm's IT infrastructure is composed of
hardware, software, data management technology, networking technology, and technology services.
IT Infrastructure
provides platform for supporting all information systems in the business
