Mitigation and Adaptation strategies for climate change.

What are some examples of mitigation strategies?

Energy efficiency and conservation. Fuel shifts and low-carbon energy sources. carbon capture and storage. Geoengineering. Reforestation and forest conservation.

What other examples of geo engineering are there?

Enhanced weathering- planting artificial trees.

What is another solution for riding the atmosphere of CO2 to do with the oceans?

Fertilising the oceans with nutrients such as iron. Shortage of nutrients in water is one of the reasons for limiting phytoplankton growth. These nutrients would stimulate growth which would help extract co2 due to photosynthesis.

How are Acs protecting risk at river valleys?

Land use zoning- so that it can prevent housing and businesses from locating on floodplains or even enforce relocation.

What are retreat strategies?

Populations living in coastal zones and river valleys face increasing risks from natural hazards due to extreme weather events.

What is adaptation?

Refers to policies which are designed to reduce the existing impacts of global warming such as protection against flooding and coastal erosion.

What is Mitigation?

Refers to policies which are meant to delay, reduce or prevent climate change caused by global warming.

Why will transport systems need to adapt?

Be more resilient to extreme weather and sea-level change in the future. In the winter of 2014 railways in the UK show how parts of the railway networks are vulnerable to extreme weather.

Give examples of energy efficiency and conservation

Building regulations ensure that new homes and offices conform to minimum standards of heat insulation and limits to the ratio of window/door space to the floor area. Governments and companies are giving financial incentives to people to get loft insulation and cavity wall fillings. Smart energy metres. South facing windows.

What are some protection strategies?

Hard engineering of sea walls and dykes. Storm surge barriers such as those on the Thames. Soft engineering methods such as conservation of beaches, salt marshes and mudflats. Replanting mangrove forests. increasing refection in urban cities Planting trees and creating areas of open water and reducing energy consumption. Protecting communities from vector-borne diseases like dengue or malaria. New drugs and vaccines and the use of bed nets. Improved water treatment.

How do you reduce the insolation absorbed by the earth?

Increasing the reflection of incoming solar radiation. This could be done by placing huge reflecting plates in orbit or by sitting them on earth or seeding the stratosphere with aerosols that will scatter insolation back to earth.

What are the different scales on the implementation mitigation strategies?

Individual- lifestyle Local- local government National- national government and national tax frameworks Global- international agreements

What is carbon capture and storage?

It is a new technology that extracts CO2 from power stations before it is released into the atmosphere and is transferred to long-term storage underground.

Problems with CCS?

It is very expensive and shortage of suitable sites.

examples of geoengineering

Reducing the amount of insolation absorbed by the Earth and its atmosphere. Removing CO2 from the atmosphere.

What are some accommodation strategies?

New crop strains will be developed. In areas where rainfall is deficient, livestock farming or tree crops could replace cereal cultivation. Making water usage more efficient by reducing losses to leakage, recycling wastewater and using grey water. Improving education and public awareness of hazards such as storms and heatwaves. Early warning systems such as satellite communications and smartphones allow people to prepare for hazards.

What are some examples of adaptation strategies?

Retreat strategies Accommodation strategies Protection strategies

How is Kernza good for the environment?

That removes the need to clear fields, plough and reseed every year, saving energy and reducing farmers' carbon emissions. Kernza roots extend over 3 metres beneath the soil, more than twice the depth of wheat, helping to stabilise soil, retain water and improve wildlife habitat

Give examples of fuel shifts and low energy carbon resources/

The UK government is trying to decarbonise the UK economy and conform to the EU's Renewable Energy Directive. Shift towards wind and nuclear power. however 86% of the UK's power is provided by fossil fuels.

What are some positives of reforestation?

The cheapest and most effective strategy to combat slow climate change.

What is "kernza"?

The new version of wild intermediate wheatgrass, The seed size is larger the roots grow deeper.

What is geoengineering in the context of climate change?

The use of technology to modify the environment on a large scale.

How are people on the 140 million people living on Ganges delta at risk?

There are no strategic plans for them due to poverty. They are at huge risks of storm surges like the recent one in 1991.

What are the patterns of fuel consumption in the UK?

There has been a decline in overall energy consumption since 2005. Energy use fell by 6.6% in 2014. There was also a reduction in the use of coal and oil between 1990 and 2014.

What is managed realignment?

Vulnerable coastlines, with few settlements, are set back inland, where the risks of flooding and erosion are less.