mitosis and meiosis quiz questions

Which of the following statements regarding genetic diversity is false -genetic diversity is enhanced by crossing over during prophase one of meiosis -genetic diversity is enhanced by random fertilization -genetic diversity is enhanced by independent orientation of chromosomes in metaphase one -genetic diversity is enhanced by mitosis of somatic cells

Genetic diversity is enhanced by mitosis of somatic cells

Two chromosomes in the nucleus that carry loki for the same traits in the same position on the chromosome but specify different versions of the same traits constitute a pair of...

Homologous chromosomes

when observing a chicken skin cell in G2 under a microscope, you count 40 total chromatids (20 sister chromatids). How many chromosomes does a male chicken have in its sperm cells? -80 -40 -20 -10

10

asexual reproduction requires___ individual(s), whereas sexual reproduction requires ___individual(s)

1;2

Both meiosis and mitosis are preceded by...

Interphase

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase? -metaphase -telophase -prophase -interphase

Interphase

Which of the following features likely accounts for the difference between plants and animal cell cytokinesis? a) plant cell division must maintain the integrity of the cell wall b) Animal cells lack the microfilaments required for forming a cleavage furrow c) animal cells lack chloroplasts d)Plant cells have two sets of chromosomes; animal cells have one set of chromosomes

A

Mature human nerve cells muscle cells are... -remain undifferentiated unless an injury occurs -cease dividing after a predetermined number of cell generations -are permanently in a state of non-division -continue to divide throughout their lifetime

Are permanently in a state of non-division

Which of the following statements is false -mitosis allows organisms to grow -Mitosis allows organisms to regenerate lost parts -mitosis allows organisms to repair tissues -mitosis allows organisms to generate genetic diversity

Mitosis allows organisms to generate genetic diversity

Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false? -A normal human zygote has 46 chromosomes -A haploid cell has half the chromosomes of a diploid cell -meiosis only occurs in the ovaries and testes -mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true? a) sexual reproduction typically includes the development of unfertilized eggs b) sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation then asexual reproduction c) only asexual reproduction results from the union of sperm and egg d) cell division only occurs after sexual reproduction

B

If there is s phase was eliminated from the cell cycle the daughter cells would a) synthesize the missing genetic material on their own b) continue to function without the normal amount of DNA c) have half of the genetic material found in the parent cell d)Be genetically identical to the parent cell

C

Genetic material is duplicated doing...

S phase

Prior to mitosis each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consist of a pair of identical structures called...

Sister chromatids

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase one and random fertilization are most like ai) cutting up pie into even size slices bee) pairing up similar socks after washing your clothes Cee)shuffling cards and dealing out hands of poker Dee) stringing beads into a string to make a necklace

Cee

The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called...

Cytokinesis

Which of the following options correctly describes the behavior of a tetrad during anaphase one of meiosis? -it splits into four chromosomes which distribute in sister chromosome pairs to the two poles of the dividing cell -it splits into two pairs of homologous, nonsister chromatids, and one pair goes to each pole of the dividing cell -The homologous pair split, leaving one sister chromatid going to each pole of the dividing cell -It's split into four chromosomes which distribute in random pairs to the two poles with the dividing cell

The homologous pairs split, leaving one sister chromatid going to each pole of the dividing cell

You are asked to culture an unidentified sample of animal tissue. You notice that the cells seem to fail to exhibit density-dependent inhibition. The source of this tissue sample is most likely... -the sperm-producing tissue of the testes -a liver from a cow -skin from a human -a cancerous tumor

a cancerous tumor

Oncologists (medical doctors who treat cancer patients) routinely take biopsies (samples) of tissue from patients to determine whether the tissue is cancerous or not. What would be the best experiment to do to determine whether cells from the tissue sample are cancerous? -add cells from the tissue sample to a cell culture dish and compare their growth against a sample of noncancerous cells from the parent -measure the amount of dna in g1 in the cells from the tissue sample and compare it to the amount of dna in g2 of a noncancerous cell from the patient -count the number of chromosomes in the cells from the tissue sample and compare to the number of chromosomes in noncancerous cells from the patient -add cells from the tissue sample to a rat to see whether the rat develops cancer or not

add cells from the tissue sample to a cell culture dish and compare their growth against a sample of noncancerous cells from the parent

the creation of offspring carrying genetic information from a single parent is called...

asexual reproduction

Adult skin cells can no longer become other types of cells because they have already undergone? ai)cancer bee)differentiation cee)mitosis dee)apoptosis

bee

Karyotyping... -reveals presence of cancerous genes -shows chromosomes as they appear in metaphase of meiosis 2 -can reveal alteration in chromosome number -examines points of crossing over

can reveal alteration in chromosome number

If a chromosome fragment breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome, but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called a(n)... ai)deletion bee)reciprocal translocation cee)inversion dee)translocation

cee

if the receptor in a normal cell division inhibitor wasn't there, what would be the outcome?

cell division would be increased

Which of the following statements is false a) somatic cells are diploid b)gametes are haploid cells c)a typical body cell is called a somatic cell d)gametes are made by mitosis

d

as a patch of scraped skin heals, the cells fill in the injured area but do not grow beyond that. This is an example of...

density-dependent inhibition

During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later on in development, the cells will become specialized through a process called...

differentiation

mutations in the proo-oncogene ras and tumor suppressor gene p53... -can enhance further mutations, which can develop into cancer -increase protein synthesis by the cell -disrupt normal regulation of the cell -can improve the chance of avoiding cancer as one ages

disrupt normal regulation of the cell

a benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor.. -does not metasize -is cancerous -spreads from the original site -never causes health problems

does not metasize

is the following true or false: the cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors and checkpoints

false

in thinking about their role in cell division, oncogenes are like the ___ of a car while tumor suppressor genes are like the ____ of a car

gas pedal; brakes

Nondisjunction occurs when... -an entire pair of chromosomes is lost during meiosis 1 -a portion of a chromosome breaks off and is lost -members of a chromosome pair fail to separate -2 chromosomes fuse into 1

members of a chromosome pair fail to separate

which of the following in not a carcinogen? -uv rays -tobacco -microwaves -x-rays

microwaves

number 18 and 19 on quiz 2 *look over* the answer is "number 18-9"

number 18-9

During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and the formation of tetrads occur? -prophase 1 -interphase 2 -metaphase 1 -prophase 2

prophase 1

cancer is usually not inherited because... -cancerous cells usually interfere with the ability to produce gametes -people with cancer usually die before reproducing -the causes of cancer are usually not genetic -the chromosomal changes in cancer are usually confined to somatic cells

the chromosomal changes in cancer are usually confined to somatic cells

what must occur for for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally

the organism must be able to control the timing and rate of cell division

Why are stem cells important? -they have specialized dna -they are incapable of becoming cancer cells -they have potential to undergo cell division -they have the potential to develop into other cell types

they have the potential to develop into other cell types